Samuel Butler may refer to:

• Samuel Butler (poet) (1613-1680), English poet and satirist
• Samuel Butler (schoolmaster) (1774-1839), English classical scholar
• Samuel Butler (politician) (1825–1891), American politician
• Samuel Butler (novelist) (1835-1902), English author of Erewhon
• Samuel Butler (cricketer) (1850-1903), English cricketer
• Samuel Butler (lawyer) (1930-2025), American lawyer
• Sam Butler (born 1986), Australian rules footballer
• Sam Butler (footballer, born 2003), Australian rules footballer
• Bo Weavil Jackson (fl. 1926), blues singer and guitarist also known as Sam Butler