Roly poly or Roly Poly may refer to:

• An isopod crustacean of the family Armadillidiidae, also known as a pill bug
• A pill millipede (unrelated to the pill bug)
• Syzygium alliiligneum, a plant from Queensland, Australia
• Roly-poly toy, a toy that rights itself when pushed over
• Jam roly-poly, a traditional British pudding
• Roly Poly (sandwich store chain), a chain of sandwich shops in the United States
• "Roly Poly" (Bob Wills song)
• "Roly-Poly" (T-ara song)
• Roly-Poly (game), an ancestor of Roulette
• Roly Poly (horse), thoroughbred racehorse
• The Roly Poly Man, a close associate of the Hurdy Gurdy Man in the 1968 song by Donovan
• A forward roll, a gymnastic maneuver
• Roly Poly, a translation of the title of Przekładaniec, a 1968 Polish film by Andrzej Wajda
• Roly Poly, a 1969 TV episode of Thirty-Minute Theatre by BBC Television
• Roly Polys, a dancing group of fat ladies promoted by British comedian Les Dawson
• Wayne Shaw (footballer), English footballer nicknamed the Roly Poly Goalie

• The Tale of Samuel Whiskers or The Roly-Poly Pudding, a book by Beatrix Potter
• Rolie Polie Olie, a cartoon character created by William Joyce
• Rolly (disambiguation)