Robert Coleman may refer to:

• Robert Colman or Coleman (died 1428), English medieval Franciscan friar and university chancellor
• Robert Coleman (geologist), American geologist
• Robert Coleman (industrialist) (1748–1825), American industrialist
• Robert Coleman (sailor) (1883–1960), British Olympic sailor
• Robert Coleman-Senghor (1940–2011), Sonoma State University professor and mayor of Cotati, California
• Robert F. Coleman (1954–2014), U.C. Berkeley mathematician and MacArthur Fellow
• Robert Habersham Coleman (1856–1930), American iron processing and railroad industrialist
• Robert L. Coleman (?–1924), American financier assassinated in Albania
• Robert M. Coleman (American football) (1878–1941), American college football player, coach, and physician
• Robert M. Coleman (Texan politician) (1799–1837), American/Texan politician and soldier
• Robert S. Coleman, American chemist
• Robert Coleman (American actor) in The Radio Reader
• Bob Coleman (1890–1959), U.S. baseball player
• Bobby Coleman (born 1997), American actor
• Rob Coleman (born 1964), Canadian special effects artist
• Robert Coleman, a fictional supervillain known as Quakemaster from DC Comics