Recombination may refer to:

• Carrier generation and recombination, in semiconductors, the cancellation of mobile charge carriers (electrons and holes)
• Crossover (genetic algorithm), also called recombination
• Genetic recombination, the process by which genetic material is broken and joined to other genetic material
  • Bacterial recombination
  • Homologous recombination
• Plasma recombination, the formation of neutral atoms from the capture of free electrons by the cations in a plasma
• Recombination (chemistry), the opposite of dissociation
• Cage effect, a special kind of recombination reaction that appears in condensed phases
• Recombination (cosmology), the time at which protons and electrons formed neutral hydrogen in the timeline of the Big Bang