Highland Chinantec language
| Highland Chinantec | |
|---|---|
| Jmii’ | |
| Native to | Mexico |
| Region | Oaxaca Highlands |
| Ethnicity | Chinantecs |
Native speakers | (10,000 cited 1990–1998)[1] |
Oto-Mangue
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:chq – Quiotepec Chinanteccco – Comaltepec Chinantec |
| Glottolog | chin1488 |
| ELP | Sierra Chinantec |
Highland Chinantec is a Chinantecan language of Mexico, spoken in Comaltepec, San Juan Quiotepec, and surrounding towns in northern Oaxaca. It has a complex system of tone and vowel length compared to other Chinantec languages. The two principal varieties, Quiotepec and Comaltepec, have marginal mutual intelligibility. Yolox Chinantec is somewhat less divergent.
Phonology
Comaltepec
The following are sounds of Comaltepec Chinantec:[2][3]
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Laryngeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | (ɲ) | ŋ | |||
| Stop & Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿdʒ | ᵑɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | (ʂ) | (ʃ) | (x) | h |
| voiced | (ʐ) | ||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
- 1. Parenthesised sounds are loans, allophones, or free variants
- 2. Voiced stops are frequently prenasalised
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | ʌ | o |
| Low | æ | a |
- Tones
Quiotepec
The following are sounds of Quiotepec Chinantec:[4]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Laryngeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | tʲ | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | dʲ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ç | h | |
| voiced | β | ð | ʝ | ɣ | ||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| High | i | y | ɯ | u |
| Low | e | ø | a | o |
- Tones
References
- ^ Quiotepec Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Comaltepec Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Anderson, Judi Lynn, Martínez, Isaac H., & Pace, Wanda. (1990). Comaltepec Chinantec Tone. In William R. Merrifield & Calvin R. Rensch (Eds.), Syllables, Tone, and Verb Paradigms: Studies in Chinantec Languages 4 (pp. 3-20). Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- ^ Silverman, Daniel. (1997). Tone Sandhi in Comaltepec Chinantec. Language, 73(3), 473-492.
- ^ Robbins, Frank E. (1961). Quiotepec Chinantec Syllable Patterning. International Journal of American Linguistics, 27(3), 237-250.