Queen Catherine may refer to:

• Catherine Sunesdotter (died 1252), wife of Eric "XI" of Sweden
• Catherine of Lancaster (1372–1418), wife of Henry III of Castile
• Catherine of Valois (1401–1437), wife of Henry V of England
• Catherine Karlsdotter (died 1450), wife of Carl II of Sweden and Norway
• Catherine of Bosnia (1425–1478), wife of Stephen Thomas of Bosnia
• Catherine of Poděbrady (1449–1464), wife of Matthias Corvinus of Hungary
• Catherine Cornaro (1454–1510), queen regnant of Cyprus
• Catherine of Navarre (1468–1517), queen regnant of Navarre
• Catherine of Aragon (1485–1536), first wife of Henry VIII of England
• Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg (1513–1535), first wife of Gustav I of Sweden
• Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal (1507–1578), wife of John III of Portugal
• Catherine Parr (1512–1548), sixth and last wife of Henry VIII of England
• Catherine de' Medici (1519–1589), wife of Henry II of France
• Catherine Howard (c.1523–1542), fifth wife of Henry VIII of England
• Catherine Stenbock (1535–1621), third wife of Gustav I of Sweden
• Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland (1533–1572), third wife of Sigismund II Augustus of Poland
• Catherine Jagiellon (1526–1583), wife of John III of Sweden
• Catherine Månsdotter (1550–1612), wife of Eric XIV of Sweden
• Ketevan the Martyr (1565–1624), wife of David I of Kakheti and Saint of the Georgian Orthodox Church
• Anne Catherine of Brandenburg (1575–1612), wife of Christian IV of Denmark
• Catherine of Braganza (1638–1705), wife of Charles II of England
• Catherine Opalińska (1680–1747), wife of Stanisław I of Poland
• Catharine Montour (1710–1804), prominent Iroquois woman
• Catherine Pavlovna of Russia (1788–1819), second wife of William I of Württemberg

• Queen Catherine Ironfist, the fictional protagonist of the computer game Heroes of Might and Magic III
• Catherine the Great
• Princess Catherine (disambiguation)