Python brongersmai
| Python brongersmai | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Pythonidae |
| Genus: | Python |
| Species: | P. brongersmai |
| Binomial name | |
| Python brongersmai Stull, 1938 | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Python brongersmai is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Pythonidae. The species is native to Southeast Asia.[1]
Common names
Common names for P. brongersmai include blood python,[2] Brongersma's short-tailed python,[1] Malaysian blood python,[2] red blood python,[2] red short-tailed python, and Sumatran blood python.[2]
Etymology
The specific name, brongersmai, is in honor of Dutch herpetologist Leo Brongersma.[3]
Geographic range
P. brongersmai is found in peninsular (Western) Malaysia, Sumatra east of the central dividing range of mountains, Bangka Island and other islands in the Strait of Malacca, including the Lingga Islands, Riau islands, and Pinang, Thailand, and Vietnam.[1][2]
Habitat
The preferred natural habitat of P. brongersmai is marshes and tropical swamps in forest, at altitudes from sea level to 650 m (2,130 ft).[1]
Behaviour
Python brongersmai is a primarily crepuscular species (usually active around dawn and dusk).[citation needed]
Size
Hatchlings of P. brongersmai range from 25–43 cm (10–17 in) in total length (including tail). Adult males typically range from 91–152 cm (36–60 in) in total length, and females between 120–180 cm (48–72 in) although a few have been recorded at 240 cm (96 in). These snakes generally look overweight due to their robust structure.[citation needed]
Lifespan
P. brongersmai can live up to about 20 years in captivity.[4]
Coloration
The color pattern of P. brongersmai consists of rich, bright red to orange to a duller rusty red ground color, although populations with yellow and brown are known. This is overlaid with yellow and tan blotches and stripes that run the length of the body, as well as tan and black spots that extend up the flanks. The belly is white, often with small black markings. The head is usually a shade of grey; individual snakes can change how light and dark the head is. A white postocular stripe runs down and back from the posterior edge of the eye.[citation needed]
Reproduction
Python brongersmai is oviparous, with up to 30 eggs being laid at a time.[citation needed] The female coils around her eggs and shivers her body, producing heat to incubate the eggs properly.[citation needed]
Commercial trade
Once widely considered to be generally unpredictable and aggressive, P. brongersmai is gradually becoming more common among herpetoculturists. Formerly, many of the specimens in captivity were wild-caught adults from Malaysia. These are known to be more aggressive than those from Indonesia (Sumatra), from which most of the wild-caught, wild-bred, and captive-bred stock are now descended. Captive-raised juveniles generally become mild-tempered, somewhat-predictable adults. This, combined with several new brightly colored captive bloodlines, is helping to boost the popularity of these much-maligned snakes among reptile hobbyists.[citation needed]
Python brongersmai is part of a commercial harvest for leather.[5] There is evidence to suggest that there are clear indications of misdeclared, underreported and illegal trade involving tens of thousands of blood pythons, and there are questions whether this trade is sustainable.[6]
Taxonomy
This species was first described by Olive Griffith Stull in 1938 as Python curtus brongersmai, a subspecies of Python curtus.[7] This taxon has since been elevated and recognised as a full species, Python brongersmai, by Pauwels et al. (2000).[2][5]
References
- ^ a b c d e Grismer, L.; Chan-Ard, T. (2012). "Python brongersmai ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T192169A2050353. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192169A2050353.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Python brongersmai at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 15 September 2007.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Python brongersmai, p. 39).
- ^ Slavens, Frank L.; Slavens, Kate (2003). "Blood Python". Reptiles and Amphibians in Captivity – Longevity.
- ^ a b Keogh JS, Barker D, Shine R (2001). "Heavily exploited but poorly known: systematics and biogeography of commercially harvested pythons (Python curtus group) in Southeast Asia (abstract)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 73 (1): 113. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01350.x.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Nijman, Vincent (2022-11-05). "Harvest quotas, free markets and the sustainable trade in pythons" (PDF). Nature Conservation. 48: 99–121. doi:10.3897/natureconservation.48.80988. ISSN 1314-3301.
- ^ Stull OG (1938). "Three New Subspecies of the Family Boidae". Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 8: 297-300. (Python curtus brongersmai, new subspecies, pp. 297-298).
Further reading
- Barker, Dave; Barker, Tracy (November 2007). "Blood Pythons". Reptiles Magazine. Bowtie Publishing.
- McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- Pauwels OSG, Laohawat O-A, David P, Bour R, Dangsee P, Puangjit C, Chimsunchart C (2000). "Herpetological investigations in Phang-Nga Province, southern Peninsular Thailand, with a list of reptile species and notes on their biology". Dumerilia 4 (2): 123-154. (Python brongersmai, p. 138).
- Shine R, Ambariyanto, Harlow PS, Mumpuni (1999). "Ecological attributes of two commercially harvested Python species in Northern Sumatra". Journal of Herpetology 33 (2): 249-257. (Python brongersmai, new combination).
External links
- Herp Radio at Herp Herp Hooray. Accessed 15 January 2013.
- Blood Python Care at Bloody Pythons By: David Weimert. Accessed 15 January 2013.