Primeau is a surname of French origin meaning prime or first or cousin. Variations include Primeaux, Primo, Premo, Promo. The name refers to:

• Cayden Primeau (born 1999), American professional ice hockey player, son of Keith Primeau
• Ernest John Primeau (1909–1989), American Roman Catholic prelate and former Bishop of Manchester
• Gaëtan Primeau (born 1941), Canadian politician
• Joe Primeau (1906–1989), Canadian professional ice hockey player
• Jo Primeau, Canadian drag queen
• Keith Primeau (born 1971), Canadian professional ice hockey player, father of Cayden Primeau
• Kevin Primeau (born 1955), Canadian professional ice hockey player
• Louis Primeau (fl. 1749–1800), Canadian fur trader
• Wayne Primeau (born 1976), Canadian professional ice hockey player

• Verdell Primeaux, Native American singer and songwriter