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Radeon 400 series

Radeon 400 series
Release date29 June 2016; 8 years ago (29 June 2016)
Codename
  • Polaris
ArchitectureGCN 1st gen
GCN 2nd gen
GCN 4th gen
Transistors
  • 950M (Olan) 28 nm
  • 1.500M (Cape Verde) 28 nm
  • 2.080M (Bonaire) 28 nm
  • 3.000M (Baffin) 14 nm
  • 5.700M (Ellesmere) 14 nm
Fabrication processSamsung/GloFo 14 nm (FinFET)
Some in 28 nm (CMOS)
Cards
Entry-levelRadeon R5 420
Radeon R5 430
Radeon R5 435
Radeon R7 430
Radeon R7 435
Mid-rangeRadeon R7 450
Radeon RX 455
Radeon RX 460
Radeon RX 470D
Radeon RX 470
High-endRadeon RX 480
API support
DirectX
OpenCLOpenCL 2.1
OpenGLOpenGL 4.5 (4.6 Windows 7+ and Adrenalin 18.4.1+)[1][2][3][4][5]
VulkanVulkan 1.3 (GCN 4th gen) or Vulkan 1.2[6]
SPIR-V
History
PredecessorRadeon 300 series
SuccessorRadeon 500 series
Support status
GCN 4 cards supported

The Radeon 400 series is a series of graphics processors developed by AMD. These cards were the first to feature the Polaris GPUs, using the new 14 nm[8] FinFET manufacturing process, developed by Samsung Electronics and licensed to GlobalFoundries. The Polaris family initially included two new chips in the Graphics Core Next (GCN) family (Polaris 11 and Polaris 12). Polaris implements the 4th generation of the Graphics Core Next instruction set, and shares commonalities with the previous GCN microarchitectures.

Naming

The RX prefix is used for cards that offer over 1.5 teraflops of performance and 80 GB/s of memory throughput (with memory compression), and achieve at least 60 FPS at 1080p in popular games such as Dota 2 and League of Legends. Otherwise, it will be omitted. Like previous generations, the first numeral in the number refers to the generation (4 in this case) and the second numeral in the number refers to the tier of the card, of which there are six. Tier 4, the weakest tier in the 400 series, will lack the RX prefix and feature a 64-bit memory bus. Tiers 5 and 6 will have both RX prefixed and non-RX prefixed cards, indicating that while they will both feature a 128-bit memory bus and be targeted at 1080p gaming, the latter will fall short 1.5 teraflops of performance. Tiers 7 and 8 will each have a 256-bit memory bus and will be marketed as 1440p cards. The highest tier, tier 9, will feature a memory bus greater than 256-bit and shall be aimed at 4K gaming. Finally, the third numeral will indicate whether the card is in its first or second revision with either a 0 or 5, respectively. Therefore, for example, the RX 460 indicates that it has at least 1.5 teraflops of performance, 100 GB/s of memory throughput, has a 128-bit memory bus and will be able to achieve 60 FPS in the previously mentioned games at 1080p.[9]

OpenCL (API)

OpenCL allows use of GPUs for highly parallel numeric computation accelerates many scientific software packages against CPU up to factor 10 or 100 and more. OpenCL 1.0 to 1.2 are supported for all chips with Terascale or GCN architectures. OpenCL 2.0 is supported with GCN 2nd gen. or higher.[10] Any OpenCL 2.0 conformant card can gain OpenCL 2.1 and 2.2 support with only a driver update.[citation needed]

Vulkan (API)

API Vulkan 1.0 is supported for all GCN architecture cards. Vulkan 1.2 requires GCN 2nd gen or higher with the Adrenalin 20.1 and Linux Mesa 20.0 drivers and newer.

New features

This series is based on the fourth generation GCN architecture. It includes new hardware schedulers,[11] a new primitive discard accelerator,[12] a new display controller,[13] and an updated UVD that can decode HEVC at 4K resolutions at 60 frames per second with 10 bits per color channel.[13] On 8 December 2016, AMD released Crimson ReLive drivers (Version 16.12.1), which make GCN-GPUs support VP9 decode acceleration up to 4K@60 Hz and twinned with support for Dolby Vision and HDR10.[14][15]

Chips

Polaris

Polaris 10 features 2304 stream processors across 36 Compute Units (CUs),[16] and supports up to 8GB of GDDR5 memory on a 256-bit memory interface. The GPU replaces the mid-range Tonga segment of the Radeon M300 line. According to AMD, their prime target with the design of Polaris was energy efficiency: Polaris 10 was initially planned to be a mid-range chip, to be featured in the RX 480, with a TDP of around 110-135W[17] compared to its predecessor R9 380's 190W TDP. Despite this, the Polaris 10 chip is anticipated to run the latest DirectX 12 games "at a resolution of 1440p with a stable 60 frames per second."[17]

Polaris 11, on the other hand, is to succeed the "Curacao" GPU which powers various low-to-mid-range cards. It features 1024 stream processors over 16 CUs, coupled with up to 4GB of GDDR5 memory on a 128 bit memory interface.[18][19] Polaris 11 has a TDP of 75W.[17][19]

Reviews

Many reviewers praised the performance of the RX 480 8GB when evaluated in light of its $239 release price. The Tech Report stated that the RX 480 is the fastest card for the $200 segment at the time of its launch.[20] HardOCP gave this card an Editor's Choice Silver award.[21] PC Perspective gave it the PC Perspective Gold Award.[22]

RX 480 reference card PCI Express power limit violations

Some reviewers discovered that the AMD Radeon RX 480 violates the PCI Express power draw specifications, which allows a maximum of 75 watts (66 watts on its 12v pins) being drawn from the motherboard's PCI Express slot. Chris Angelini of Tom's Hardware noticed that in a stress test it can draw up to an average of 90 watts from the slot and 86 watts in a typical gaming load.[23] The peak usage can be up to 162 watts and 300 watts altogether with the power supply in a gaming load.[23] TechPowerUp corroborated these results by noting it can also draw up to 166 watts from the power supply, past the limit of 75 watts for a 6-pin PCI Express power connector.[24] Ryan Shrout of PC Perspective did a follow-up test after other reports and found out his review sample takes 80-84 watts from the motherboard at stock speed, and that the other PCI Express slots' 12 volt power supply pins were supplying only 11.5 volts during load on his Asus ROG Rampage V Extreme motherboard.[25] He was not concerned about the voltage droop due to the specification's 8% voltage tolerance, but did note of possible problems in systems where multiple overclocked RX 480 cards are running in quad CrossFire, or in motherboards that are not designed to withstand high currents, such as budget and older models.[25]

AMD has released a driver that reprograms the voltage regulator module to draw less power from the motherboard, allowing the power draw from the motherboard to pass the PCI Express specification.[26] While this worsens the overage on the 6-pin power connector, that violation is not much of a concern because these connectors have a greater safety margin in their power rating.[26] The amount of power drawn from on the connector is dependent on a newly introduced "compatibility mode" in the driver. When on, compatibility mode reduces the total power consumption of the card, allowing both power sources to operate closer to their ratings. Standard mode yields essentially unchanged performance, while compatibility mode results in performance drops within the error of benchmarks.[27] Some RX 480 cards designed by AMD's partners include an 8-pin power connector which can provide more power than the stock design.[28][29]

Chipset table

Main articles: List of AMD graphics processing units, List of AMD processors with 3D graphics, and Graphics Core Next

Desktop

Model
(Codename) 		Release Date
& Price 		Architecture
& Fab 		Transistors
& Die Size 		Core Fillrate[a][b][c] Processing power[a][d]
(GFLOPS) 		Memory TBP Bus interface
Config[e] Clock[a] (MHz) Texture (GT/s) Pixel (GP/s) Single Double Size (GiB) Bus type
& width 		Clock (MT/s) Band-
width (GB/s)
Radeon R5 430
(Oland Pro)[31][32] 		June 30, 2016
OEM 		GCN 1st gen
28 nm 		1040×106
90 mm2 		384:24:8
6 CU 		730
780 		17.52
18.72 		5.84
6.24 		560
599 		37.4
40 		1
2 		DDR3
GDDR5
64-bit 		1800
4500

 28.8
36

 50 W PCIe 3.0 ×8
Radeon R5 435
(Oland)[31][33] 		320:20:8
5 CU 		1030 20.6 8.24 659 41.2 2 DDR3
64-bit 		2000 16
Radeon R7 430
(Oland Pro)[34][35] 		384:24:8
6 CU 		730
780 		17.52
18.72 		5.84
6.24 		560
599 		37.4
40 		1
2
4 		DDR3
GDDR5
128-bit 		1800
4500

 28.8
72

Radeon R7 435
(Oland)[34][36] 		320:20:8
5 CU 		920 18.4 7.36 589 36.8 2 DDR3
64-bit 		2000 16
Radeon R7 450
(Cape Verde Pro)[34][37] 		1500×106
123 mm2 		512:32:16
8 CU 		1050 33.6 16.8 1075 65.2 2
4 		GDDR5
128-bit 		4500 72 65 W PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon RX 455
(Bonaire Pro)[34][38] 		GCN 2nd gen
28 nm 		2080×106
160 mm2 		768:48:16
12 CU 		50.4 1613 100.8 2 6500 104 100 W
Radeon RX 460
(Baffin)[39][40][41][19][42] 		August 8, 2016
$109 USD(2 GB)
$139 USD(4 GB) 		GCN 4th gen
GloFo
14LPP[43][f] 		3000×106
123 mm2 		896:56:16
14 CU 		1090
1200 		61
67.2 		17.4
19.2 		1953
2150 		122
132 		2
4 		7000 112 <75 W PCIe 3.0 ×8
Radeon RX 470D
(Ellesmere)[45] 		October 21, 2016
CNY ¥1299
(China Only) 		5700×106
232 mm2 		1792:112:32
28 CU 		926
1206 		103.7
135.1 		29.6
38.6 		3319
4322 		207
270 		4 GDDR5
256-bit 		224 120 W PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon RX 470
(Ellesmere Pro)[39][41][19] 		August 4, 2016
$179 USD 		2048:128:32
32 CU 		118.5
154.4 		3793
4940 		237
309 		4
8 		6600 211
Radeon RX 480
(Ellesmere XT)[46][47][48][49] 		June 29, 2016
$199 USD (4 GB)
$239 USD (8 GB) 		2304:144:32
36 CU 		1120
1266 		161.3
182.3 		35.8
40.5 		5161
5834 		323
365 		7000
8000 		224
256 		150 W
  1. ^ a b c Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
  2. ^ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  3. ^ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  4. ^ Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
  5. ^ Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units and Compute Units (CU)
  6. ^ GlobalFoundries' 14 nm 14LPP FinFET process is second-sourced from Samsung Electronics.[44]


Mobile

Model
(Codename) 		Launch Architecture
& Fab 		Core Fillrate[a][b][c] Processing power[a][d]
(GFLOPS) 		Memory TDP
Config[e] Clock[a] (MHz) Texture (GT/s) Pixel (GP/s) Bus type
& width 		Size (GiB) Clock (MHz) Band-
width (GB/s)
Radeon
R5 M420[50]
(Jet Pro) 		15 May 2016 GCN 1st gen
28 nm 		320:20:8 780
855 		15.6
17.1 		6.24
6.84 		499
547 		DDR3
64-bit 		2 1000 16.0 ~20 W
Radeon
R5 M430[51]
(Exo Pro) 		15 May 2016 320:20:8 1030
? 		20.6 8.2 659.2
659.2 		DDR3
64-bit 		2 1000 14.4 18 W
Radeon
R7 M435[52]
(Jet Pro) 		15 May 2016 320:20:8 780
855 		15.6
17.1 		6.24
6.84 		499
547 		GDDR5
64-bit 		4 1000 32 ~20 W
Radeon
R7 M440[53]
(Meso Pro) 		15 May 2016 320:20:8 1021
? 		20.4 8.17 653
653 		DDR3
64-bit 		4 1000 16 ~20 W
Radeon
R7 M445[54]
(Meso Pro) 		14 May 2016 320:20:8 780
920 		15.6
18.4 		6.24
7.36 		499
589 		GDDR5
64-bit 		4 1000 32 ~20 W
Radeon
R7 M460[55][56]
(Meso XT) 		April 2016 384:24:8 1100
1125 		26.4
27.0 		8.8
9.00 		844
864 		DDR3
64-bit 		2 900 14.4 Un­known
Radeon
RX 460[57]
(Baffin) 		August 2016 GCN 4th gen
14 nm 		896:56:16 Un­known Un­known Un­known Un­known GDDR5
128-bit 		2 1750 112 35 W?
Radeon
R7 M465[58][59]
(Litho XT) 		May 2016 GCN 1st gen
28 nm 		384:24:8 825
960 		19.8
23.0 		6.6
7.68 		634
737 		GDDR5
128-bit 		4 1150 32 Un­known
Radeon
R7 M465X[60]
(Tropo XT) 		May 2016 512:32:16 900
925 		28.8
29.6 		14.4
14.80 		921
947 		GDDR5
128-bit 		4 1125 72 Un­known
Radeon
R9 M470[61]
(Strato Pro) 		May 2016 GCN 2nd gen
28 nm 		768:48:16 900
1000 		43.2
48.0 		14.4
16.00 		1382
1536 		GDDR5
128-bit 		4 1500 96 ~75 W
Radeon
R9 M470X[62]
(Strato XT) 		May 2016 896:56:16 1000
1100 		56.0
61.6 		16.00
17.60 		1792
1971 		GDDR5
128-bit 		4 1500 96 ~75 W
Radeon
RX 470[63]
(Ellesmere Pro) 		August 2016 GCN 4th gen
14 nm 		2048:128:32 Un­known Un­known Un­known Un­known GDDR5
256-bit 		4 1650 211 85 W?
Radeon
RX 480M
(Baffin) 		TBA 1024:xx:xx Un­known Un­known Un­known Un­known GDDR5
128-bit 		Un­known Un­known Un­known 35 W
Radeon
R9 M485X[64]
(Antigua XT) 		May 2016 GCN 3rd gen
28 nm 		2048:128:32 723 92.5 23.14 2961 GDDR5
256-bit 		8 1250 160 ~100 W
  1. ^ a b c Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
  2. ^ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  3. ^ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  4. ^ Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
  5. ^ Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units

Radeon Feature Matrix

The following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).

Name of GPU series Wonder Mach 3D Rage Rage Pro Rage 128 R100 R200 R300 R400 R500 R600 RV670 R700 Evergreen Northern
Islands 		Southern
Islands 		Sea
Islands 		Volcanic
Islands 		Arctic
Islands/Polaris 		Vega Navi 1x Navi 2x Navi 3x
Released 1986 1991 Apr
1996 		Mar
1997 		Aug
1998 		Apr
2000 		Aug
2001 		Sep
2002 		May
2004 		Oct
2005 		May
2007 		Nov
2007 		Jun
2008 		Sep
2009 		Oct
2010 		Dec
2010 		Jan
2012 		Sep
2013 		Jun
2015 		Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019 Jun 2017, Feb 2019 Jul
2019 		Nov
2020 		Dec
2022
Marketing Name Wonder Mach 3D
Rage 		Rage
Pro 		Rage
128 		Radeon
7000 		Radeon
8000 		Radeon
9000 		Radeon
X700/X800 		Radeon
X1000 		Radeon
HD 2000 		Radeon
HD 3000 		Radeon
HD 4000 		Radeon
HD 5000 		Radeon
HD 6000 		Radeon
HD 7000 		Radeon
200 		Radeon
300 		Radeon
400/500/600 		Radeon
RX Vega, Radeon VII 		Radeon
RX 5000 		Radeon
RX 6000 		Radeon
RX 7000
AMD support Ended Current
Kind 2D 3D
Instruction set architecture Not publicly known TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set RDNA instruction set
Microarchitecture TeraScale 1
(VLIW) 		TeraScale 2
(VLIW5) 		TeraScale 2
(VLIW5)
up to 68xx 		TeraScale 3
(VLIW4)
in 69xx [65][66] 		GCN 1st
gen 		GCN 2nd
gen 		GCN 3rd
gen 		GCN 4th
gen 		GCN 5th
gen 		RDNA RDNA 2 RDNA 3
Type Fixed pipeline[a] Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines Unified shader model
Direct3D — 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.1 9.0
11 (9_2) 		9.0b
11 (9_2) 		9.0c
11 (9_3) 		10.0
11 (10_0) 		10.1
11 (10_1) 		11 (11_0) 11 (11_1)
12 (11_1) 		11 (12_0)
12 (12_0) 		11 (12_1)
12 (12_1) 		11 (12_1)
12 (12_2)
Shader model — 1.4 2.0+ 2.0b 3.0 4.0 4.1 5.0 5.1 5.1
6.5 		6.7
OpenGL — 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1[b][67] 3.3 4.5[68][69][70][c] 4.6
Vulkan — 1.1 1.3[71] 1.4[72]
OpenCL — Close to Metal 1.1 (not supported by Mesa) 1.2+ (on Linux: 1.1+ (no Image support on clover, with by rustiCL) with Mesa, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen) 2.0+ (Adrenalin driver on Win7+)
(on Linux ROCM, Mesa 1.2+ (no Image support in clover, but in rustiCL with Mesa, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+ 		2.2+ and 3.0 windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCM 5.0+ (Mesa rustiCL 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip))[73][74][75]
HSA / ROCm — Yes ?
Video decoding ASIC — Avivo/UVD UVD+ UVD 2 UVD 2.2 UVD 3 UVD 4 UVD 4.2 UVD 5.0 or 6.0 UVD 6.3 UVD 7 [76][d] VCN 2.0 [76][d] VCN 3.0 [77] VCN 4.0
Video encoding ASIC — VCE 1.0 VCE 2.0 VCE 3.0 or 3.1 VCE 3.4 VCE 4.0 [76][d]
Fluid Motion [e] No Yes No ?
Power saving ? PowerPlay PowerTune PowerTune & ZeroCore Power ?
TrueAudio — Via dedicated DSP Via shaders
FreeSync — 1
2
HDCP[f] — ? 1.4 2.2 2.3 [78]
PlayReady[f] — 3.0 No 3.0
Supported displays[g] 1–2 2 2–6 ?
Max. resolution ? 2–6 ×
2560×1600 		2–6 ×
4096×2160 @ 30 Hz 		2–6 ×
5120×2880 @ 60 Hz 		3 ×
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz [79]
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor 		7680x4320

@165 HZ

/drm/radeon[h] Yes —
/drm/amdgpu[h] — Optional [80] Yes
  1. ^ The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
  2. ^ R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
  3. ^ OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
  4. ^ a b c The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
  5. ^ Video processing for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.
  6. ^ a b To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
  7. ^ More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
  8. ^ a b DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

See also

References

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  2. ^ "AMDGPU-PRO Driver for Linux Release Notes". 2016. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  3. ^ "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  4. ^ "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  5. ^ "AMD Adrenalin 18.4.1 Graphics Driver Released (OpenGL 4.6, Vulkan 1.1.70) | Geeks3D". May 2018.
  6. ^ "AMD Open Source Driver for Vulkan". GPUOpen. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  7. ^ "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition 16.6.2 Release Notes". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  8. ^ Moammer, Khalid (1 November 2015). "AMD Confirms 14nm CPUs, GPUs and APUs For 2016 – Working Samples Delivered by Globalfoundries". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  9. ^ WhyCry (30 June 2016). "AMD Radeon RX 400 series naming scheme explained". Videocardz.com. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  10. ^ "The Khronos Group". The Khronos Group. 5 February 2019.
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  12. ^ Angelini, Chris (29 June 2016). "AMD Radeon RX 480 8GB Review". Tom's Hardware. p. 1. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  13. ^ a b Angelini, Chris (29 June 2016). "AMD Radeon RX 480 8GB Review". Tom's Hardware. p. 2. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  14. ^ AMD. "Radeon Software Crimson ReLive Edition 16.12.1 Release Notes". amd.com. amd.com. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  15. ^ Jon Martindale. "AMD Crimson ReLive drivers should improve all GCN cards 8th Dec". kitguru.net. kitguru.net. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  16. ^ Bayer, Thilo (4 July 2016). "Polaris 10: "There's nothing hidden on that product to unlock" - interview". PC Games Hardware. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  17. ^ a b c Anwar, Gohar (15 April 2016). "AMD Polaris 10 & Polaris 11 TDP Info Leaked, "Baffin" is Incredibly Power Efficient with Just 50W TDP". TechFrag. Hizzmedia. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  18. ^ Anwar, Gohar (30 April 2016). "AMD Polaris 10 and Polaris 11 OpenGL Benchmarks Leaked, Polaris 11 having Two SKUs". TechFrag. Hizzmedia. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  19. ^ a b c d Angelini, Chris (8 August 2016). "AMD Radeon RX 460 Review". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  20. ^ Kampman, Jeff; Wild, Robert (29 June 2016). "AMD's Radeon RX 480 graphics card reviewed". The Tech Report. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  21. ^ Justice, Brent (29 June 2016). Bennett, Kyle (ed.). "AMD Radeon RX 480 Video Card Review". HardOCP. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  22. ^ Shrout, Ryan (29 June 2016). "The AMD Radeon RX 480 Review - The Polaris Promise". PC Perspective. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  23. ^ a b Angelini, Chris (29 June 2016). "AMD Radeon RX 480 8GB Review". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  24. ^ W1zzard (29 June 2016). "AMD Radeon RX 480 8 GB". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 29 June 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ a b Shrout, Ryan (30 June 2016). "Power Consumption Concerns on the Radeon RX 480". PC Perspective. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  26. ^ a b Shrout, Ryan (7 July 2016). "AMD Radeon RX 480 Power Consumption Concerns Fixed with 16.7.1 Driver". PC Perspective. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  27. ^ Smith, Ryan (7 July 2016). "AMD Posts Radeon 16.7.1 Drivers, Fixes RX 480 Power Consumption Issues". Anandtech.com. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  28. ^ Williams, Daniel (26 July 2016). "MSI Show New Radeon RX 480 Gaming Cards". AnandTech. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  29. ^ Chacos, Brad (22 July 2016). "Sapphire Nitro+ RX 480 review: Polaris rethought and refined". PC World. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  30. ^ "Radeon RX 480 Graphics Card". AMD. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  31. ^ a b "Radeon™ R5 Series Graphics Cards | OEM | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  32. ^ "AMD Radeon R5 430 OEM".
  33. ^ "AMD Radeon R5 435 OEM".
  34. ^ a b c d "Radeon™ R7 Series Graphics Cards | OEM | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  35. ^ "AMD Radeon R7 430 OEM".
  36. ^ "AMD Radeon R7 435 OEM".
  37. ^ "AMD Radeon R7 450 OEM".
  38. ^ "AMD Radeon RX 455 OEM".
  39. ^ a b Sexton, Michael (13 June 2016). "AMD Rounds Out Polaris Offerings With RX 470, RX 460 GPUs". Tom's Hardware. Purch Group. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
  40. ^ Smith, Ryan (15 June 2016). "A bit more on AMDs Polaris GPUs: 36 16 CUs". AnandTech. Purch Group. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  41. ^ a b Smith, Ryan (28 July 2016). "AMD Announces RX 470 & RX 460 Specifications; Shipping in Early August". Anandtech. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  42. ^ Justice, Brent (8 August 2016). "AMD Radeon RX 460 Official Specification Information". Hard OCP. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  43. ^ "14LPP 14nm FinFET Technology". GLOBALFOUNDRIES. GLOBALFOUNDRIES.
  44. ^ Schor, David (22 July 2018). "VLSI 2018: GlobalFoundries 12nm Leading-Performance, 12LP". WikiChip Fuse. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
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Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaris_11