Philippson is a patronymic surname meaning "son of Philipp", coming from the German language given name variant of "Philip", both derived from philippos, of Ancient Greek origin (prefix philein, meaning "to love"; suffix hippos, meaning "horses"; combined, becoming "lover of horses").

"Philipp" evolved into "Philippson", a German surname especially prevalent amongst German Jews and Dutch Jews, often shortened back to Phillips.

"Phillip" evolved into "Phillipson", an English and Welsh surname. Philippson or Phillipson may refer to:

• Alfred Philippson (1864–1953), German geologist and geographer
• Antony Phillipson (born 1971), British High Commissioner to Singapore and South Africa
• A. T. Phillipson (1910–1977), British vet and psychologist
• Bridget Phillipson (born 1983), British politician
• Caspar Phillipson (born 1971), Danish actor
• Coleman Phillipson (1878–1958), English legal scholar and historian
• David Phillipson (born 1942), British archaeologist
• Eddie Phillipson (1910–1991), English cricketer
• Ernst Alfred Philippson (1900–1993), German-American philologist
• Frank Phillipson (active 1934), English athlete
• Heather Phillipson (born 1978), British artist
• John Phillipson (1698–1756), British navy administrator and politician
• Ludwig Philippson (1811–1889), German rabbi and author
• Sibyl Anikeef (1896–1997), born as Marie Augusta Phillipson, American photographer
• Paul Phillipson (born 1952), Indian-born English cricketer
• Richard Burton Phillipson (c. 1723–1792), British soldier and politician
• Robert Phillipson (born 1942), English-born Danish professor and author
• Tom Phillipson (1898–1965), English footballer

• Philipson