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People to People Student Ambassador Program

People to People Student Ambassador Program
FormationSeptember 11, 1956 (1956-09-11)
TypeYouth Peace Ambassador/Travel
HeadquartersSpokane, Washington
Parent organization
Ambassadors Group

The People to People Student Ambassador Program was a travel service based in Spokane, Washington, offering domestic and international travel opportunities to middle and high school students. The group was founded in 1956, during the Eisenhower administration, and reincorporated in 1995. It converted in 2002 to a for-profit company, Ambassadors Group. It ceased student travel operations in 2015.

Since its founding, nearly half a million students, adults and athletes participated in the ambassador programs.[1] From 2002 to 2015, the services offered were operated by Ambassadors Group, a for-profit company.[2] Though open to international primary and secondary school students, programs were primarily for American students aged 10 through 18. In the late 20th century, the typical length of a program was three weeks for a group of thirty to forty students.[3] Ambassadors Group ceased operations for student travel on July 13, 2015.[4]

History

President Dwight D. Eisenhower with the People to People committee in 1960.

In 1956, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower sought diplomatic alternatives to the wars he witnessed as a soldier, general and Allied Commander. On September 11, 1956, he called a White House conference of 100 top American leaders, who joined him in creating the People to People initiative, focused on creating cultural exchange programs.[5] This conference followed a Geneva summit, at which Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev expressed enthusiasm for exchange programs as a means to ease Cold War tensions.[6] Participants in this conference included Joyce Hall, founder of Hallmark Cards; comedian Bob Hope; and creative entertainer Walt Disney. He became one of the founding directors of People to People and later drew inspiration from the initiative to create the "It's a Small World" attraction at Disneyland in 1964.[7]

The program was originally sponsored by the U.S. Information Agency, of the Federal government. In 1961, Eisenhower decided that it should be carried on by private citizens and asked Joyce Hall to facilitate the privatization. That same year, the nonprofit People to People International began a contractual relationship with Ambassador Programs, Inc. to administer People to People travel programs for adults and students.[8] In 1962, the first delegation of university students traveled overseas and stayed with families across Europe.[9]

Regular annual programs began in 1967. Until expansion in the 1980s, the organization sent only a few hundred students abroad each year.[3] In 2002, People to People International granted a license to operate student programs under the People to People Student Ambassador Program name to Ambassadors Group, which had been formed as a separate company from the Ambassadors Education Group. The Company closed in 2015.[1]

Programs

People to People Ambassador Programs offered four types of ambassador travel, including international student ambassador travel, domestic leadership ambassador summits and forums, international collegiate ambassador travel, and international citizen ambassador travel for industry professionals.[10]

Countries visited included Germany, France, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malta, Italy, Greece, Fiji, the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom and Russia. Experienced students who were alumni of the program and wanted to travel again were given the chance to choose more exotic destinations for subsequent trips such as South Africa, or Antarctica.[1] Programs typically departed between June and August, rather than during the academic year, in groups of between thirty and forty students. The target student-teacher ratio was 10-to-1.[11]

Trips usually were composed of students from a given city or county, not from a specific school. Tuition – the fees charged for a trip – ranged from $4,500 for trips to Canada, to more than $7,999 for trips to Australia and South Pacific destinations. A trip to Antarctica was available for $12,500, however this fee was not listed on their website in 2014.[12]

During the trips, students attended various educational activities, and had the chance to meet local leaders and dignitaries. Trips also featured such outdoor activities as hiking, snorkeling, zip-lining or rappelling.[13] Longer itineraries included a 2- to 3-day home stay with a local family.[14]

Each student ambassador travel program included a service component in which ambassadors participated in hands-on community service projects.[15] Participants could earn high school or college credit for classes through the Washington School of World Studies (operated by People to People), and through Eastern Washington University.[16]

People to People Ambassador Programs also offered domestic student trips for grade school, middle school and high school students through Leadership Ambassador Programs.[17] These programs were focused on leadership development, community involvement, civics education and college preparation. Leadership Ambassador Programs included student trips to various U.S. destinations, including Washington D.C., New York City, Chicago, and Los Angeles, to hear from speakers and industry experts, and exchange ideas with their peers from around the world. On these four- to ten-day programs, delegates engaged in leadership curriculum, team-building and personal development exercises.[18]

Applications

Any student (5th grade or older) could apply to travel on a program.[19] All students must complete an application and an interview process before they can go on a trip to ensure that they possess the maturity and social skills needed for extended travel.[20]

The nomination process was open to any applicant. Some parents complained in 2006 that the program's marketing made it appear that their child was exclusively selected or nominated to participate.[21] The Iowa Attorney General investigated the program's operator in 2006 after an invitation was accidentally sent to the long-deceased child of a family. The operator modified the invitation and presentation process.[22] In another case, a family received a People to People solicitation claiming under the name of their late family pet, that it had been selected as an ambassador.[23]

Controversies

In 2007, student ambassador Tyler Hill died of complications following his group's hike on Mount Fuji in Japan. The family sued the program and its parent company, reaching a settlement in 2009.[24][25][26][27][28]

In 2008, People to People invested more than $3 million to support health and safety initiatives for participants.[29] The company also hired a full-time Senior Director of Health and Safety and began a Safe Travel 24/7 blog.[30] In 2010, People to People Ambassador Programs launched the FindMe program with Cellhire that allowed a mobile phone to be tracked using GPS or cell tower triangulation.[29] Parents of students could also rent the FindMe phone and have text conversations with their children through the FindMe website.[31]

In July 2011, CBS News reported[32] that People to People had retained a for-profit marketing company, AmbassadorsGroup[33] to solicit participants. Among their reportedly questionable tactics: solicitations to long-deceased children citing their "exceptional academic performance" as the reason for the solicitation[32] [citation needed], and the signed endorsement of a Virginia State Senator without her endorsement or knowledge.[32][34]

References

  1. ^ a b c Ambassadors Group (December 31, 2010). "Form 10-K". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  2. ^ "Ambassadors Group Inc (EPAX.O)". Reuters. 2011. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  3. ^ a b Wade, Betsy (October 12, 1997). "Practical Traveler; Student Travel: The First Step". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 31, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  4. ^ "PTPI - Immersive Travel & Events". October 8, 2015. Archived from the original on October 11, 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-19.
  5. ^ "People-to-People Program". Eisenhower Presidential Center. December 30, 2009. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  6. ^ "People to People International History". People to People International. 2011. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  7. ^ "Global Youth Forum". People to People International. 2011. Archived from the original on September 16, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  8. ^ "President Eisenhower | History of People to People International Travel Programs". Archived from the original on 2018-09-24. Retrieved 2018-09-24.
  9. ^ Mand, Frank (January 14, 2011). "People to People". Halifax-Plympton Reporter. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  10. ^ "About Us". Archived from the original on 2021-04-19. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  11. ^ "Ambassador Programs, Inc. Review - Travel Escorts in Spokane, WA - BBB Business Review - BBB serving Eastern Washington, North Idaho and Montana". Archived from the original on 2014-12-02. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  12. ^ "People to People Program Cost". Archived from the original on 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  13. ^ "Unique and Exclusive Study Abroad Programs". Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  14. ^ "Cultural Immersion Through Study Abroad". Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  15. ^ "Education Travel - People to People Ambassador Programs". Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  16. ^ "Educational Tour - People to People Ambassador Programs". Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  17. ^ "Leadership Programs". Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  18. ^ "2014 Student Leadership Catalog - People to People Leadership Ambassadors – People to People Ambassador Programs". Archived from the original on 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  19. ^ "Student Travel FAQ". Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  20. ^ "Student Ambassador Programs - People to People". Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  21. ^ Cherry, Dave (September 21, 2006). "Parents complain People to People International is misleading". The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
  22. ^ "People to People Student Ambassador Program Agrees to Modify Representations About How Students are "Selected" for International Travel". Iowa Attorney General. June 8, 2006. Archived from the original on September 23, 2006. Retrieved October 5, 2006.
  23. ^ "People to Dead Cat Invited to participate in abroad program". Consumer Affairs. September 8, 2007. Archived from the original on January 3, 2007. Retrieved October 5, 2006.
  24. ^ Croman, John (August 9, 2009). "Settlement reached in teen traveler wrongful death lawsuit". KARE. Archived from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  25. ^ "People to People Faces Wrongful Death Lawsuit". KARE. January 29, 2008. Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
  26. ^ "Mound family sues over son's death in Japan". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 2015-04-03. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  27. ^ "Parents of dead student sue People to People | the Spokesman-Review". Archived from the original on 2015-04-03. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  28. ^ "National Association of Personal Injury Lawyers: Settlement Reached in Case of Minn. Teen's Death in Japan". Archived from the original on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  29. ^ a b "Ambassadors adds GPS phones to its summer travel groups". The Spokesman-Review. June 8, 2011. Archived from the original on June 20, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  30. ^ Bowers, Michael J. (2011). "Safe Travel 24/7 blog". People to People Ambassadors Programs. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  31. ^ "GPS Devices Track Student Travelers around the World". Land Air Sea. August 3, 2010. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  32. ^ a b c "New backlash over "People to People" program - CBS News Video". CBS News. Archived from the original on 2012-12-14. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  33. ^ "Ambassadors Group, Inc". Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2006-08-12.
  34. ^ "Eisenhower student program invitations questioned - CBS News". CBS News. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2013-09-27.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_to_People_Program