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Peñalba de Villastar

40°16′26″N 1°10′39″W / 40.27383172°N 1.1776241°W / 40.27383172; -1.1776241

Peñalba de Villastar is a Celtiberian sanctuary in the municipality of Villastar, Aragon, Spain. About 10km south of Teruel, it is located at the eastern edge of Celtic Iberia. The sanctuary is along a cliff 1500m in length, where soft white limestone and marl rock bears hundreds of inscriptions and graffiti.[1]: 911 

The sanctuary was discovered by Juan Cabré [es] in 1910. Cabré mostly focused on the inscriptions, which he traced and photographed, but did not attempt to decipher. Several inscriptions were removed by Cabré and by locals from the neighbouring village of Villel; some of these inscriptions are now lost, others are now at the Archaeology Museum of Catalonia.[1]: 912  Research into the meaning of these inscriptions was undertaken by Manuel Gómez-Moreno, Michel Lejeune, Ulrich Schmoll and Antonio Tovar in the 1940s and 1950s, and by Jürgen Untermann in the 1970s. From the 1980s, attention began to be paid to the non-linguistic aspects of the site, such as the figurative graffiti.[2]

The inscriptions are mostly very short. Their meaning is generally obscure, though thought to be religious in nature. Some appear to be personal names or the names of gods. The inscriptions are primarily written in the Latin script, but some are written in Paleohispanic scripts. The inscriptions in the Latin script are mostly in the Celtiberian language, with some in Latin. The inscriptions in Paleohispanic scripts are in the Iberian language. Most of the inscriptions seem to date between the 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE. The two longest inscriptions are a passage from the Aeneid, and what is perhaps a dedication to the Celtic god Lugus.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Beltrán, F.; Jordán, C.; Marco, F. (2005). "Novedades epigráficas en Peñalba de Villastar" (PDF). Palaeohispanica. 5: 911–956.
  2. ^ a b Alcay, Santiago Navascués (16 July 2018). "El santuario de Peñalba de Villastar". Historia de Aragon. Retrieved 12 November 2024.

Further reading

  • Cabré, J. (1910) "La montaña escrita de Peñalba, Teruel" Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia 56, pp. 241-280.
  • Gómez Moreno, M. (1949) Misceláneas. Madrid.
  • Lejeune, M. (1955) Celtiberica. Salamanca.
  • Pérez Vilatela, L. (1993): "Lectura de la inscripción celtibérica adjunta a la número 17 de Peñalba" in I. Adiego; J. Siles; J. Velaza (eds.) Studia Palaeohispanica et Indogermanica J. Untermann ab amicis Hispanicis oblata. Barcelona. pp. 225-238.
  •  ———  (1996): "Inscripciones celtibéricas inéditas de Peñalba", in F. Villar; J. d’Encarnaçâo (eds.) La Hispania prerromana (VI CLCP). Salamanca. pp. 247-278.
  • Schmoll, U. (1959) Die Sprachen der vorkeltischen Indogermanen Hispaniens und das Keltiberische. Wiesbaden.
  • Tovar, A. (1959) "Las inscripciones celtibéricas de Peñalba de Villastar" Emerita 27, pp. 349-365.
  •  ———  (1973) "Las inscripciones de Botorrita y de Peñalba de Villastar y los límites orientales de los celtíberos", Hispania Antiqua 3, pp. 367-405.
  •  ———  (1981) "El dios céltico Lugu en Hispania" in La religión romana en Hispania, pp. 279-281, Madrid.
  • Untermann, J. (1977) "En torno a las inscripciones rupestres de Peñalba de Villastar" Teruel 57-58, pp. 5-21.
  •  ———  (1997) Monumenta linguarum Hispanicarum IV, Die tartessischen, keltiberischen und lusitanischen Inschriften. Wiesbaden.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1alba_de_Villastar