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Paul Nahaolelua

Paul Nahaolelua
Governor of Maui
In office
December 3, 1852 – February 3, 1874
Preceded byJames Kānehoa Young
Succeeded byJohn Mākini Kapena
President of the Legislative Assembly
In office
1870, 1872, 1873, 1874
Preceded byMataio Kekūanaōʻa
Succeeded byCharles Reed Bishop
Minister of Finance
In office
February 17, 1874 – October 31, 1874
Preceded byRobert Stirling
Succeeded byJohn Smith Walker
Personal details
BornSeptember 11, 1806
Kawaihae, Hawaii, Kingdom of Hawaii
DiedSeptember 5/15, 1875 (aged 69)
Lahaina, Maui, Kingdom of Hawaii
Resting placeHale Aloha Cemetery, Lahaina
SpouseHelekunihi
Children2 (1 hānai)
Alma materLahainaluna Seminary

Paul Nahaolelua (September 11, 1806 – September 5/15, 1875) was a Hawaiian high chief who served many political posts in the Kingdom of Hawaii, including Governor of Maui from 1852 to 1874. In his long political career, Nahaolelua served under the reigns of five monarchs: Kamehameha III, Kamehameha IV and Kamehameha V, Lunalilo and Kalākaua.

Early life

Nahaolelua was born on September 11, 1806, in Kawaihae, in the district of Kohala, on the island of Hawaii. He was given the name Nahaolelua meaning "the two haole" ("foreigners") in honor of John Young and Isaac Davis, the two foreign advisors to King Kamehameha I during his conquest of the Kingdom of Hawaii.[1][2][3]

He started his career as a schoolmaster teaching Hawaiian at the royal school in Kaupo, Maui. He later became one of the first generation of Hawaiians to receive a western education at the Lahainaluna Seminary from the Christian missionaries who arrived in Hawaii in 1820.[1][3]

Political career

Nahaolelua began working for the government as a district magistrate and circuit judge on Maui. He also served as royal postmaster. During the governorship of James Kānehoa Young, Nahaolelua served as deputy governor of Maui. Shortly after Kānehoa's death in 1851, he succeeded as Governor of Maui, although the position was not officially confirmed until the following year on December 3, 1852. He served as Governor for twenty-two years until 1874.[1][3][4][5]

As a royal governor, he also held a seat in the House of Nobles, the upper house of the legislature, traditionally reserved for the high chiefs. He sat during most of the legislative sessions between 1853 and 1874.[6] He served as a member of the Privy Council of the King.[5][7] He was elected the President of the Legislative Assembly during the sessions of 1870, 1872, and the special sessions of 1873 and 1874.[8] During the reign of Kamehameha V, he was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Kamehameha I.[9]

Issue of succession, 1872–1874

Governor Nahaolelua (center, right) socializing with other members of the royal court during the reign of Kamehameha V.

In 1872, Nahaolelua was present at the deathbed of King Kamehameha V. Kneeling at the side of bed, with many of the members of the royal court present, he spoke with the monarch in his last attempts to name a successor to the throne. Kamehameha V, who regarded him as a close friend and business associate, asked Nahaolelua to choose an heir for him. He refused and answered, "Any one, may it please Your Majesty, of the chiefs now present." The King attempted to name his cousin Bernice Pauahi Bishop but she refused the offer, and he died the same day without naming a successor.[10]

Because Kamehameha V died with no heir, the constitution called for the legislature, which Nahaolelua presided over as President of the Legislative Assembly, to select the next monarch. By both popular vote, and the unanimous vote in the legislature, Lunalilo became the first elected king of Hawaii in 1873.[11] In private, Nahaolelua tried to persuade the new king to name a successor so the kingdom would not face another succession crisis.[12] However, after a short reign, Lunalilo died in 1874 without an heir to succeed to him. In the election that followed, David Kalākaua, ran against Queen Emma, the widow of Kamehameha IV.[13]

On February 12, 1874, for the second time in Hawaiian history, a special session of the legislature was called to elect a new monarch, and Nahaolelua was chosen again as the President of the Legislative Assembly.[14] The assembly voted thirty-nine to six in favor of Kalākaua.[15] The subsequent announcement caused a riot at the courthouse as Emmaite supporters attacked and beat the native legislators who had voted for Kalākaua. American and British troops were landed, and the rioters were arrested.[16] Nahaolelua, a known supporter and friend of Queen Emma, had left the courthouse before the riot, to bring her the news of her defeat. She reportedly sent him back with the message: "If they could not obtain their desires now, perhaps they had better wait until the morrow, when a new election for Sovereign could be had." The next day Queen Emma asked Nahaolelua about the possibility of holding a second election which he refused.[17]

Later life and death

After the accession of Kalākaua, Nahaolelua resigned the Governorship of Maui and was appointed to the new monarch's cabinet as Minister of Finance on February 17, 1874. However, due to failing health, he resigned the post on October 31, 1874, and returned to his residence in Lahaina, on the island of Maui.[1][2][18]

After being ill for a few months Nahaolelua died on September 5 or 15, 1875, at his residence in Lahaina at the age of sixty-nine. Forgoing a lavish state funeral traditionally given to a person of his rank, his funeral was held the same day as his death, and he was buried in a plain pine coffin in a prepared vault at the Anglican Hale Aloha Cemetery in Lahaina.[1][2][3]

Marriage and descendants

Nahaolelua married Helekunihi (died 1888) and had one son Obid (sometimes spelled Obed), who died shortly after birth on March 20, 1858. A second child, who also died young, is mentioned in Nahaolelua's obituary but not named.[1][2][19][20] Under the Hawaiian tradition of hānai, they adopted Edward George Huakini (better known simply as "Kia"), the son of Helekunihi's brother Aki and Kaʻaiohelo.[19] Kia Nahaolelua (1852–1901) became the sole heir of Governor Nahaolelua's estate after his death.[2] Kia married Elizabeth Kahele Manawaola St. John (1852–1909), who served as lady-in-waiting to Queen Liliuokalani and accompanied her to Washington, DC during her 1897 trip to protest American annexation of Hawaii. They had nine children many of whose descendants are alive to this day.[19]

Honours

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Death of a Prominent Hawaiian". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Vol. XX, no. 14. Honolulu. September 25, 1875. p. 2. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e "The Death of Ex. Governor Nahaolelua". The Hawaiian Gazette. Vol. XI, no. 38. Honolulu. September 22, 1875. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d Affonso, Godfrey F. (April 11, 1940). "Henry Nahaolelua, Grandson of Royal Governor, Passes". The Honolulu Advertiser. Honolulu. p. 20.
  4. ^ "Appointments By His Majesty". The Polynesian. Vol. 9, no. 31. Honolulu. December 11, 1852. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  5. ^ a b "Nahaolelua, Paul office record". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved June 17, 2014.[permanent dead link‍]
  6. ^ Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, pp. 51–132.
  7. ^ "By Authority". The Hawaiian Gazette. Vol. VIII, no. 49. Honolulu. December 18, 1872. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  8. ^ Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, pp. 117, 121, 124, 127.
  9. ^ a b "Commissions. Lunalilo by the Grace of God, King of the Hawaiian Islands". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Vol. XVII, no. 29. Honolulu. January 18, 1873. p. 3. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  10. ^ Kuykendall 1953, p. 241; Liliuokalani 1898, p. 36; Kanahele 1999, pp. 264–266; Kanahele 2002, pp. 110–112
  11. ^ Kuykendall 1953, pp. 239–245; Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, p. 124 ; "Death of the King". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Vol. XVII, no. 24. Honolulu. December 14, 1872. p. 2. Archived from the original on November 19, 2017. Retrieved October 1, 2016.; "Meeting of the Assembly! Election of Prince Lunalilo As King! Immense Enthusiasm!". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Vol. XVII, no. 28. Honolulu. January 11, 1873. p. 4. Archived from the original on November 19, 2017. Retrieved October 1, 2016.; "The Accession to the Throne". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Vol. XVII, no. 28. Honolulu. January 11, 1873. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 19, 2017. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  12. ^ Kuykendall 1967, p. 3.
  13. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 3–16.
  14. ^ Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, p. 127; Kuykendall 1967, p. 9; Kanahele 1999, p. 289
  15. ^ Dabagh 1974, p. 83.
  16. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 9–11; Dabagh 1974, pp. 76–89; Kanahele 1999, pp. 288–292; Osorio 2002, pp. 154–157; "Opening of the Legislature. Special Session, Feb. 12, 1874". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Vol. XVIII, no. 32. Honolulu. February 14, 1874. p. 2. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.; "Riot of the Queenites". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Vol. XVIII, no. 32. Honolulu. February 14, 1874. p. 3. Archived from the original on August 16, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.; "The Riot". The Hawaiian Gazette. Vol. X, no. 7. Honolulu. February 18, 1874. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.; "The Riot of February 12th". The Hawaiian Gazette. Vol. X, no. 9. Honolulu. March 4, 1874. p. 4. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  17. ^ Kanahele 1999, pp. 285, 290, 292–293; Liliuokalani 1898, p. 49
  18. ^ Kuykendall 1967, p. 12.
  19. ^ a b c DeLeo, Vicki (2010). "His Excellency, Governor Paul Nahaolelua". Banyan Tree. Archived from the original on November 7, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
  20. ^ "Died". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Vol. II, no. 39. Honolulu. March 25, 1858. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.

Bibliography

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nahaolelua