Orochs
Alternative names:
Nani

Нани
Oroch people (circa 1920)
Total population
c. 3308 (est.)
Regions with significant populations
Russia:  Khabarovsk Krai: 376  Magadan Oblast: 94  Sakhalin Oblast: 17  Primorsky Krai: 16	527[1]
Ukraine	288 (2001)
Languages
Oroch language, Russian
Religion
Shamanism, Russian Orthodoxy
Related ethnic groups
Evens, Evenks, Ulchs, Nanai, Orok, Udege

Orochs (Russian О́рочи), Orochons, or Orochis (self-designation: Nani) are a people of Russia that speak the Oroch (Orochon) language of the Southern group of Tungusic languages. According to the 2002 census there were 686 Orochs in Russia. According to the 2010 census there were 596 Orochs in Russia.

Orochs traditionally settled in the southern part of the Khabarovsk Krai, Russia and on the Amur and Kopp rivers. In the 19th century, some of them migrated to Sakhalin. In the early 1930s, the Orochi National District was created, but was cancelled shortly thereafter "due to lack of native population".

Because the people never had a written language, they were educated in Russian. Their language, Oroch, is on the verge of extinction; According to the 2021 census there are only about 43 native speakers of the language. They follow Shamanism and Russian Orthodox Church.

Between 1963 and 1993, major changes took place in Oroch families:

• Almost all Orochi marriages became inter-ethnic - in 1951-1955, 73% of Orochi marriages were mono-ethnic, and in 1991-1995 only 9%.^[2]
• The share of Oroch-Russian marriages increased sharply from 9% in 1951-1955 to 82% in 1991-1995.^[2]
• The maximum size of an Oroch family decreased from 10 to 7 people from 1963 to 1993.^[2]
• The average family size of the Orochi in 1993 was 2.9 people, compared to 4.8 in 1963.^[2]

• Media related to Oroch people at Wikimedia Commons
• The Orochis in The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
• Ethnologue link