Operation Avalanche was the codename for the combined US and British landings on the southwest coast of Italy on 9 September 1943 as part of the Allied effort in the Mediterranean Theater during World War II. The forces landed consisted of the US Fifth Army under Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark. The Fifth Army was made up of the British X Corps, which landed south of the town of Salerno, and the US VI Corps, which landed at the town of Paestum.

The landings were carried out by combined forces of the US Navy and Royal Navy.

Naval losses: 2 destroyers, 1 minesweeper, 1 tug, 1 hospital ship

Vice Admiral H. Kent Hewitt, USN^[1]

Embarking US Fifth Army (Lt. Gen. Mark W. Clark, USA)

  1 amphibious force flagship: USS Ancon

  2 anti-aircraft/fighter director ships: HMS Ulster Queen, HMS Palomares

  1 submarine: HMS Shakespeare

Commodore G.N. Oliver, RN

Embarking British X Corps (Lt. Gen. Richard McCreery, BA)

Combat vessels

  4 light cruisers: HMS Mauritius, HMS Uganda, HMS Orion, HMS Delhi

  1 monitor: HMS Roberts

18 destroyers: 17 British, 1 Greek

Amphibious assault vessels

  2 amphibious force flagships: HMS Hilary, USS Biscayne

13 transports and LSIs

90 LSTs: 45 American, 45 British

84 LCTs: 24 American, 60 British (5 sunk)

96 LCI(L)s: 48 American, 48 British

Auxiliaries

  7 minesweepers

  4 tugs (1 sunk by air attack 13 September)

23 subchasers/wooden hull

27 minecraft

32 motor launches

13 trawlers

Rear Adm. John L. Hall, Jr., USN

Embarking US VI Corps (Maj. Gen. Ernest J. Dawley, USA)

Fire Support Group (TG 81.5)

Rear Admiral Lyal A. Davidson

  4 light cruisers: USS Philadelphia, USS Savannah, USS Boise, USS Brooklyn

  1 monitor: HMS Abercrombie

  4 destroyers (1 sunk by submarine 12 October)

Screen (TG 81.6)

Capt. Charles Wellborn

12 destroyers (1 sunk by torpedo boat 10 September)

Transport Group (TG 81.2)

Capt. C.D. Edgar

19 transports: 14 American, 5 British

  3 LSTs: all British

  6 scout boats

Landing Craft Group (TG 81.3)

Capt. F.M. Adams

27 LSTs: 18 American, 9 British

32 LCIs: 26 American, 6 British

  6 LCTs: all American

Control Group (TG 81.7)

Cmdr. R.D. Lowther, USNR

  8 subchasers (steel hull), 4 LCSs

TG 81.8 – Minesweeper Group

Cmdr. A.H. Richards

  9 minesweepers (1 sunk by submarine 25 September)

12 motor minesweepers

TG 81.9 – Salvage Group

Lt. V.C. Kyllberg

  2 tugs

TG 80.2 – Picket Group

Lt. Cmdr. S.M. Barnes

16 PTs

TG 80.3 – Diversion Group

Capt. C.L. Andrews

  1 destroyer: USS Knight

  7 torpedo boats: 7 British MTBs, 1 American PT

  4 subchasers (wooden hull)

  6 Motor Launches

10 air/sea rescue craft

Rear Admiral Sir Philip L. Vian, RN

  1 light carrier: HMS Unicorn

  4 escort carriers: HMS Battler, HMS Attacker, HMS Hunter, HMS Stalker

  3 light cruisers: HMS Euryalus, HMS Scylla, HMS Charybdis

  9 destroyers: 7 British, 2 Polish

Covering forces

2 fleet carriers (Rear Admiral Clement Moody, RN)

HMS Illustrious

28 Grumman Martlet fighters

10 Supermarine Seafire fighters

12 Fairey Barracuda torpedo bombers

HMS Formidable

28 Grumman Martlet fighters

  5 Supermarine Seafire fighters

12 Fairey Albacore torpedo bombers^[a]

Force "H" (Vice Admiral Sir Algernon Willis, RN)

  4 battleships: HMS Nelson, HMS Rodney, HMS Warspite, HMS Valiant

Screen

20 destroyers: 16 British, 1 Polish, 2 Dutch, 1 French

Auxiliaries

  3 hospital ships: HMHS Newfoundland (sunk by air attack 13 September), HMHS Leinster, HMHS Somersetshire

• Morison, Samuel Eliot (1954). Sicily – Salerno – Anzio, January 1943–June 1944. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Vol. IX. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. ISBN 0-7858-1310-1.