Oberlander or Oberländer is a German surname, and may refer to:

• Adolf Oberländer (1845–1923), German caricaturist
• Andy Oberlander (1905–1968), American football player
• Cornelia Oberlander (1921–2021), Canadian landscape architect
• Donna Oberlander (born 1970), American politician
• Fred Oberlander (1911–1966), Austrian/British/Canadian wrestler
• Helmut Oberlander (1924–2021), Ukrainian Canadian who served as an interpreter in the Einsatzgruppen
• Jonathan Oberlander, professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Jon Oberlander (1962–2017), British Professor of Epistemics, University of Edinburgh
• Peter Oberlander (1922–2008), Canadian architect
• Theodor Oberländer (1905–1998), Nazi activist, German politician, military leader, and agricultural scientist

• The South German Coldblood breed of horse (also known as the Oberland breed)
• Oberlander Jews, a group of Jews originating from the Oberland region of Hungary

• Oberland (disambiguation)