Nikon may refer to:

• Nikon, a Japanese camera and optics manufacturer (1917–present)
• Nikon the Metanoeite (c. 930–c. 998), a Byzantine monk, preacher and saint
• Nikon of the Black Mountain (c. 1025–c. 1100), a Byzantine ecclesiastical writer
• Nikon of Jerusalem (c. 1380 – after 1468), Serbian writer
• Nikon I (Serbian patriarch), patriarch from 1419 to 1435
• Patriarch Nikon of Moscow (1605–1681), a Russian prelate
• Nikon of Karoulia (1875–1963), Russian military officer and Orthodox monk
• Nikon Liolin (born 1945), Albanian bishop in the United States
• Nikon Nizetas, cover name of WW1 spy Alfred Redl
• Nikon, a second-century trading port in southern Somalia