Neville theta functions

In mathematics, the Neville theta functions, named after Eric Harold Neville,^[1] are defined as follows:^[2]^[3] ^[4]

\theta _{c}(z,m)={\frac {{\sqrt {2\pi }}\,q(m)^{1/4}}{m^{1/4}{\sqrt {K(m)}}}}\,\,\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }(q(m))^{k(k+1)}\cos \left({\frac {(2k+1)\pi z}{2K(m)}}\right)

\theta _{d}(z,m)={\frac {\sqrt {2\pi }}{2{\sqrt {K(m)}}}}\,\,\left(1+2\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }(q(m))^{k^{2}}\cos \left({\frac {\pi zk}{K(m)}}\right)\right)

\theta _{n}(z,m)={\frac {\sqrt {2\pi }}{2(1-m)^{1/4}{\sqrt {K(m)}}}}\,\,\left(1+2\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }(-1)^{k}(q(m))^{k^{2}}\cos \left({\frac {\pi zk}{K(m)}}\right)\right)

\theta _{s}(z,m)={\frac {{\sqrt {2\pi }}\,q(m)^{1/4}}{m^{1/4}(1-m)^{1/4}{\sqrt {K(m)}}}}\,\,\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }(-1)^{k}(q(m))^{k(k+1)}\sin \left({\frac {(2k+1)\pi z}{2K(m)}}\right)

where: K(m) is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $K'(m)=K(1-m)$ , and $q(m)=e^{-\pi K'(m)/K(m)}$ is the elliptic nome.

Note that the functions θ_p(z,m) are sometimes defined in terms of the nome q(m) and written θ_p(z,q) (e.g. NIST^[5]). The functions may also be written in terms of the τ parameter θ_p(z|τ) where $q=e^{i\pi \tau }$ .

Relationship to other functions

The Neville theta functions may be expressed in terms of the Jacobi theta functions^[5]

\theta _{s}(z|\tau )=\theta _{3}^{2}(0|\tau )\theta _{1}(z'|\tau )/\theta '_{1}(0|\tau )

\theta _{c}(z|\tau )=\theta _{2}(z'|\tau )/\theta _{2}(0|\tau )

\theta _{n}(z|\tau )=\theta _{4}(z'|\tau )/\theta _{4}(0|\tau )

\theta _{d}(z|\tau )=\theta _{3}(z'|\tau )/\theta _{3}(0|\tau )

where $z'=z/\theta _{3}^{2}(0|\tau )$ .

The Neville theta functions are related to the Jacobi elliptic functions. If pq(u,m) is a Jacobi elliptic function (p and q are one of s,c,n,d), then

\operatorname {pq} (u,m)={\frac {\theta _{p}(u,m)}{\theta _{q}(u,m)}}.

Examples

$\theta _{c}(2.5,0.3)\approx -0.65900466676738154967$
$\theta _{d}(2.5,0.3)\approx 0.95182196661267561994$
$\theta _{n}(2.5,0.3)\approx 1.0526693354651613637$
$\theta _{s}(2.5,0.3)\approx 0.82086879524530400536$

Symmetry

$\theta _{c}(z,m)=\theta _{c}(-z,m)$
$\theta _{d}(z,m)=\theta _{d}(-z,m)$
$\theta _{n}(z,m)=\theta _{n}(-z,m)$
$\theta _{s}(z,m)=-\theta _{s}(-z,m)$

Complex 3D plots

Notes

^ Abramowitz and Stegun, pp. 578-579
^ Neville (1944)
^ The Mathematical Functions Site
^ The Mathematical Functions Site
^ ^a ^b Olver, F. W. J.; et al., eds. (2017-12-22). "NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (Release 1.0.17)". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2018-02-26.

References

Abramowitz, Milton; Stegun, Irene Ann, eds. (1983) [June 1964]. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. Applied Mathematics Series. Vol. 55 (Ninth reprint with additional corrections of tenth original printing with corrections (December 1972); first ed.). Washington D.C.; New York: United States Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards; Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-61272-0. LCCN 64-60036. MR 0167642. LCCN 65-12253.
Neville, E. H. (Eric Harold) (1944). Jacobian Elliptic Functions. Oxford Clarendon Press.
Weisstein, Eric W. "Neville Theta Functions". MathWorld.

[1] Abramowitz and Stegun, pp. 578-579

[2] Neville (1944)

[3] The Mathematical Functions Site

[4] The Mathematical Functions Site

[DLMF20-5] Olver, F. W. J.; et al., eds. (2017-12-22). "NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (Release 1.0.17)". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2018-02-26.

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