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Mubarak Bala

Mubarak Bala
Born1984 (age 39–40)
Kano, Nigeria
Known forAnti-religious activism
HonoursGordon Ross Humanist of the Year award, 2021 – Humanist Society Scotland

Mubarak Bala (born 1984[1][2]) is a Nigerian atheist and president of the Humanist Association of Nigeria. Bala has faced persecution and arrest for leaving Islam and publicly expressing atheist views.[3]

On 5 April 2022, the Kano State High Court sentenced Bala to 24 years imprisonment after he pleaded guilty to an eighteen-count charge of blasphemy and public incitement.[4][5][6][7]

Early life and loss of faith

Bala was born in Kano, northern Nigeria, in 1984.[8] In a 2016 article on his "personal journey", he stated that he lost his faith "little by little" as he grew and met people outside of his conservative and religious hometown. His criticism became more vocal as terror attacks increased in Nigeria.[3]

What finally made me come out as atheist was a video of a beheading of a female Christian back in 2013 by boys around my age, speaking my language. It hit me that the time for silence is over. Either someone speaks out or we all sink.”[3]

When he came out as an atheist, in 2014, he was forcibly committed to a psychiatric institution in Kano, reportedly at the insistence of his "deeply religious family".[3] He was held there for eighteen days, and (according to Bala) "beaten, sedated and threatened with death if [he] tried to leave".[3]

One doctor believed there was nothing wrong with Bala, but a second doctor suggested a personality disorder and, according to Bala, told him:

My dear, you need a God, even in Japan, they have a God, no one should live without God, those that do, are all psychologically ill, denying the biblical account of Adam and Eve is delusion, denial of history.[9][10][11]

The International Humanist and Ethical Union has taken up the case and feels Bala's human rights were violated.[12][9] According to the IHEU, "The real reason for this outrageous and inhumane action is because Mubarak has renounced Islam and has openly declared himself to be an atheist."[13] On 4 July 2014, the BBC reported that Bala had been released from hospital in conjunction with a doctors' strike and was seeking reconciliation with his family. It was not clear if he would remain in Nigeria, due to death threats.[14]

Arrest and conviction

A Ghanaian activist holds up a sign in support of Mubarak Bala in 2020

Bala decided to stay in Nigeria and was named president of the Nigerian Humanists. In April 2020, he was arrested in Kaduna for blasphemy, due to a Facebook post he made,[15] and was subsequently held without charge. Fears mounted for his safety due to the fact that the Nigerian police allegedly transferred him from the state of Kaduna to Kano, where Sharia law is practiced, and in the face of several credible death threats.[16] According to his lawyer, while in prison, Bala was "denied access to healthcare, kept in solitary confinement, and forced to worship the Islamic way".[17]

Human rights activist Leo Igwe worked to support Bala's rights, in conjunction with several atheist and humanist organisations, including Humanism International and Atheist Alliance International. Also, the newly formed International Association of Atheists (IAA) joined forces to raise awareness and funds to help pay Bala's legal costs. The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) also took an interest in Bala and started applying pressure on the Nigerian government.[18] Jamie Raskin has advocated for his release as part of the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission's Defending Freedoms project, and a petition was filed at the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention on his behalf.[19]

On 5 April 2022, Mubarak was sentenced to 24 years in prison at a (secular)[17] high court in the northern state of Kano, after pleading guilty to all 24 charges and asking for leniency.[20]

Following his guilty plea, the Humanist Association stated that the plea had not been "part of the agreed legal strategy" and that Bala may have been subject to intimidation by the prosecution, and/or "tricked into pleading guilty in the hopes of a light sentence".[21]

The chair of the International Religious Freedom or Belief Alliance, a network of countries promoting freedom of religion or belief worldwide, has called for Bala to be pardoned.[22]

Personal background

Bala's family is "descended from generations of Islamic scholars".[3] He is a chemical process engineer by education[1][2][23] and has a wife and a young son,[24][25] who was born six weeks before Bala's arrest.[3]

Recognition

Bala was honoured with the Gordon Ross Humanist of the Year award in 2021 by Humanist Society Scotland.[26]

The Nobel Prize-winning Nigerian author Wole Soyinka has expressed concern that Bala's arrest was part of a "plague of religious extremism" that has afflicted Nigeria in recent decades.[3]

Bibliography

  • Handbook of Research on Promoting Global Citizenship Education. United States, IGI Global, 2022.Page 260
  • The Routledge Handbook of Religious Literacy, Pluralism, and Global Engagement. United Kingdom, Taylor & Francis, 2021.
  • Falola, Toyin. Understanding Modern Nigeria: Ethnicity, Democracy, and Development. United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2021. Page 215
  • Brinkmann, Svend. Diagnostic Cultures: A Cultural Approach to the Pathologization of Modern Life. United Kingdom, Taylor & Francis, 2016. Page 13 & 111
  • Abdullahi, Aminu A. "A Season of Monotheism: Muslim Response to Humanist Cyberactivism in Northern Nigeria". SocArXiv, 20 February 2020.
  • Ibezim-Ohaeri, V. and Ibeh, Z. (2020) "The Civic Space in Nigeria: Before and Beyond Covid-19". Baseline Report, Lagos: Spaces for Change

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Nzwili, Fredrick (30 April 2021). "Global pressure mounts for Nigerian atheist's release after year in detention". Religion News Service. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Mubarak Bala 2021 Freedom of Thought Award". Humanists International. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Maclean, Ruth (25 August 2020). "Outspoken Atheist, Arrested in Nigeria for Blasphemy, Hasn't Been Seen Since". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  4. ^ "Self-confessed atheist jailed 24 years for blasphemy in Kano". 5 April 2022.
  5. ^ Asadu, Chinedu (5 April 2022). "Nigerian atheist jailed for blasphemy over Facebook posts". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  6. ^ "Nigerian atheist jailed for blasphemy over Facebook posts". aljazeera.com. 5 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  7. ^ Khalid, Ishaq (5 April 2022). "Nigeria atheist Mubarak Bala jailed for blaspheming Islam". BBC News. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  8. ^ "Mubarak Bala answers questions on his atheism in Nigeria". 18 December 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2018 – via www.thisisafrica.me.
  9. ^ a b "Nigerian man detained in mental institute in Kano 'because he renounced Islam'". Independent.co.uk. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  10. ^ Larson, Jordan (25 June 2014). "Nigerian Man Deemed Mentally Ill for Declaring Himself an Atheist". www.vice.com. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  11. ^ "Nigerian atheist's case isn't just about religion". Religion News Service. 23 July 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  12. ^ "Nigeria atheist Bala 'deemed mentally ill' in Kano state". BBC News. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  13. ^ "Nigerian atheist forced into mental hospital for rejecting Islam". Nigeria Sun. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  14. ^ "Nigeria atheist Bala freed from Kano psychiatric hospital". BBC News. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  15. ^ "Mubarak Bala, President of Nigerian humanists, under arrest". Humanists International. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  16. ^ "Mubarak Bala: Death Threats, Blasphemy and Police Investigation in Kano". Humanist Voices. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  17. ^ a b "Nigerian atheist jailed for blasphemy over Facebook posts". aljazeera. 5 April 2022.
  18. ^ "USCIRF Condemns Arrest of Prominent Nigerian Atheist, Mubarak Bala". USCIRF. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  19. ^ "Mubarak Bala". Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission. 5 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  20. ^ Khalid, Ishaaq (5 April 2022). "Nigeria atheist Mubarak Bala jailed for blaspheming Islam". BBC News. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  21. ^ "Nigerian atheist jailed 24 years for blasphemy". CNN. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  22. ^ "IRFBA Chair's Statement on Nigerian Religious Prisoner of Conscience, Mubarak Bala". 15 November 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  23. ^ Lagos, Associated Press in (3 July 2014). "Nigerian atheist faces death threats after release from psychiatric ward". the Guardian. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  24. ^ "Soyinka: Nigeria is 'not a nation but a cage if we imprison people for their religious views'". The Africa Report.com. 8 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  25. ^ George, Godfrey (9 April 2022). "I can't eat, sleep since my husband was jailed for blasphemy – Wife of Kano atheist". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  26. ^ Wakonigg, Daniela (19 January 2021). "Mubarak Bala ist "Humanist des Jahres"". hpd.de (in German). Retrieved 11 April 2022.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarak_Bala