Myerachowshchyna
Myerachowshchyna Мерачоўшчына | |
|---|---|
 Tadeusz Kościuszko's House | |
  Myerachowshchyna | |
| Coordinates: 52°46′3″N 25°07′30″E / 52.76750°N 25.12500°E | |
| Country | Belarus |
| Region | Brest Region |
| District | Ivatsevichy District |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK) |
Myerachowshchyna (Belarusian: Мерачоўшчына, romanized: Mieračoŭščyna; Russian: Меречёвщина, romanized: Merechyovshchina; Polish: Mereczowszczyzna) is a former manor near Kosava in Ivatsevichy District, Brest Region, Belarus. It is best known as the birthplace of Tadeusz Kościuszko.[1] There is a Kościuszko museum in the reconstructed manor house of his birth.
History
In the first half of the 18th century, the folwark of Mereczowszczyzna belonged to the Sapieha family, and until the Partitions of Poland, was administratively located in the Brest Litovsk Voivodeship in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1733, the village became property of Ludwik Tadeusz Kościuszko, who lived here until 1764. On February 4, 1746, Tadeusz Kościuszko was born here, in a manor house.[1] After the Third Partition of Poland (1795), the village came under control of the Russian Empire, where it remained until 1916. During the January Uprising, on June 8, 1863, it was the site of a battle between Polish insurgents and Russian troops.[2] From 1918 to 1939, it belonged to the Second Polish Republic.
In September 1939, it was occupied by the Soviet Union during the Soviet invasion of Poland in World War II, and annexed to Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1941, it was occupied by Nazi Germany. On 24–25 July 1942, the Germans carried out a massacre of some 1,200 Jews from a ghetto in nearby Kosów Poleski.[3] In 1942, the house in which Kościuszko was born and spent the first 12 years of his life was burned down by Soviet partisans. In 1944, the village was re-occupied by the Soviet Union, and after the war, it remained in the Soviet Union.
Kościuszko museum
In 2003, with financial support of the U.S. Embassy in Minsk, reconstruction of the house was started. Since several photos and drawings of the complex were preserved, the work was completed in a year. The house, based on the 18th century foundations, was opened for the public in 2004. Next to Kościuszko’s house a large rock was placed with a plaque that reads in Belarusian: “Here, in Merechevschina, Andrej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kasciuszka was born. He was the great son of the Belarusian land, who became a hero of Poland and USA, as well as Honorary Citizen of France”.[4]
References
- ^ a b Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 914–915.
- ^ Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 329.
- ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Dean, Martin (2012). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume II. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 1215. ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
- ^ "Mereczowszczyzna. W ojczyźnie Tadeusza Kościuszki - Otwarty Przewodnik Krajoznawczy". Krajoznawcy.info.pl. 2013-10-10. Retrieved 2013-10-15.