Martha Foley (March 21, 1897 – September 5, 1977) was an American writer. She co-founded Story magazine in 1931 with her husband Whit Burnett, and achieved some celebrity by introducing notable authors through the magazine, such as J. D. Salinger, Tennessee Williams and Richard Wright. In 1941 she became the series editor for The Best American Short Stories series.

Foley was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on March 21, 1897, to Walter and Margaret M. C. Foley. When she was seven, both her parents fell ill, and were unable to care for her. She dealt with this by writing a novel about a fortunate girl who got to go to boarding school. At about this time, she became an avid reader, escaping into fiction. It is surmised^[1] that this laid the foundation for her later literary achievements, and when she developed an acute sympathy for the human condition.^[2][1]

From 1909 to 1915, she attended Boston Girls' Latin School, and even then aspired to be a writer. The school magazine published her first short story, "Jabberwock," when she was eleven years old.^[2][1] After graduating from the 'Girls School' she attended Boston University but did not graduate.^[2][1]

Foley became active in both the suffrage and socialist movements. She participated in the women's suffrage demonstration that confronted President Woodrow Wilson when he visited Boston on February 24, 1919.^[3]

After leaving Boston University, Foley chose a career as journalist and foreign correspondent for a succession of newspapers. These included the Boston Herald, the San Francisco Record, and the New York Daily News. In 1927, she moved to Paris, where she worked for the Paris Herald and wrote fiction.

In 1931, she convinced her husband, Whit Burnett, that they should launch a magazine for short stories only.^[2][1][4] The objective for the new publication was to publish short stories with merit or quality above the commercial mainstream of American magazines. Believing readers and writers were capable of more created this focus. In a short time their magazine Story became notable. From the first printing, in 1931, of only 167 mimeographed copies comprising the first edition, the magazine was gaining notice. In 1932, after only one year, they and the magazine had moved to New York City and were underwritten by Random House. Moreover, by this time they knew a wide range of the short story writers of the day^[1]

The financial backing of Random House created conditions where subscriptions were increased to 25,000, a literary service was offered to readers, and promising new authors were continually introduced. Story is credited with the first publication and early support of a pantheon of notable authors, including: John Cheever, Carson McCullers, William Saroyan, Truman Capote, Norman Mailer, and the three authors mentioned in the introduction, among others.^[1][4]

Foley met her husband-to-be, Whit Burnett in 1925, in San Francisco, and in 1927 joined him in Paris. They were married in Vienna in 1930. Their son David was born the following year and he died in 1971.

Before getting married, she was a companion of noted former child prodigy William James Sidis and the object of his unrequited love.^[5]

• Martha Foley at Library of Congress, with 11 library catalog records