Mae Chaem district
Mae Chaem แม่แจ่ม | |
|---|---|
 | |
 District location in Chiang Mai province | |
| Coordinates: 18°29′56″N 98°21′43″E / 18.49889°N 98.36194°E | |
| Country | Thailand |
| Province | Chiang Mai |
| Seat | Chang Khoeng |
| District established | 1908 |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,713.57 km2 (1,047.72 sq mi) |
| Population (2008) | |
• Total | 57,214 |
| • Density | 21.1/km2 (55/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (ICT) |
| Postal code | 50270 |
| Geocode | 5003 |
Mae Chaem (Thai: แม่แจ่ม, pronounced [mɛ̂ː t͡ɕɛ̀m]) is a district (amphoe) of Chiang Mai province in northern Thailand.
History
Mueang Chaem was created in 1908,[1] consisting of the tambons Mae Thap, Tha Pha, Chang Khoeng, and Mae Suek split off from Chom Thong. In 1917 it was renamed Chang Khoeng, as the district office was in that tambon.[2] In 1938 it was reduced to a minor district (king amphoe) and was subordinate to Chom Thong District.[3] In 1939 it was renamed Mae Chaem.[4] In 1956 it was upgraded to a full district.[5]
In 2009 the northern part of the district was split off to form the new district, Galyani Vadhana.[6]
Geography
Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Galyani Vadhana, Samoeng, Mae Wang, Chom Thong and Hot of Chiang Mai Province, and Mae Sariang, Mae La Noi, Khun Yuam, Mueang Mae Hong Son and Pai of Mae Hong Son province.
Thailand's highest mountain, 2,565 meters (8,415 feet) high Doi Inthanon, in the Thanon Thong Chai Range, is in Mae Chaem District.
Economy
The district is a major producer of maize (corn). Some 170,000 rai (27,000 hectares) of the district are devoted to corn cultivation. Another 50,000 rai (8,000 hectares) are planted in rice. Mae Chaem's reliance on corn monoculture has created three problems: farmers are heavily indebted due to the cost of corn crop inputs (seed, fertilisers, other agricultural chemicals); corn waste totals 90,000 tonnes per year. Half the waste is reprocessed as fertiliser, wood pellets, and animal feed, but the other half is burned in the open, contributing to Chiang Mai's spring air pollution; finally, due to the district's high elevation upstream of the Ping River, sediment from soil erosion has drifted down 272 kilometres to Bhumibol Dam— Thailand's largest hydroelectric power plant—shortening its lifespan. This last issue in particular has prompted the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), to create a program called "Energy for All". It envisions community-owned power generation from renewable resources. In Mae Chaem, the power project plans to use corn waste. EGAT has identified two district sites for the first-phase power plants. Each will have a capacity of one megawatt each. The two power plants will cost roughly 120 million baht each, with the initial electricity to be generated by 2022. Besides ending the open burning of corn residues, the project will provide power to the 70 Mae Chaem villages that have no electricity as of 2019. To eliminate soil erosion, corn monoculture is to be abandoned. The Energy Ministry will help locals to grow other plants such as giant acacia and bamboo to serve as biomass for the power plants.[7]
Administration
The district is divided into seven sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 85 villages (mubans). Mae Chaem also has sub-district municipality (thesaban tambon) status and covers parts of tambon Chang Khoeng. There are a further seven tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai | Villages | Pop.[8] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Chang Khoeng | ช่างเคิ่ง | 19 | 11,206 |
| 2. | Tha Pha | ท่าผา | 14 | 4,952 |
| 3. | Ban Thap | บ้านทับ | 13 | 6,234 |
| 4. | Mae Suek | แม่ศึก | 17 | 11,577 |
| 5. | Mae Na Chon | แม่นาจร | 19 | 10,184 |
| 7. | Pang Hin Fon | ปางหินฝน | 14 | 6,856 |
| 8. | Kong Khaek | กองแขก | 12 | 6,205 |
Missing numbers belong to the sub-districts which became Galyani Vadhana District in 2009.
Ethnography
Mae Chaem comprising five different ethnic groups, namely Tai Yuan, Paganyaw, Lua, Hmong, and Lisu.[9]
Gallery
Forests cover a large part of Mae Chaem District
The wihan of Wat Pa Daet, on the southern end of the town of Mae Chaem
The ho trai (scriptures depository) and back façade of the wihan of Wat Pa Daet
References
- ^ แจ้งความกระทรวงมหาดไทย (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 25 (15): 447–448. July 4, 1908. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 16, 2012.
- ^ ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนชื่ออำเภอ (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 34 (ก): 40–68. April 29, 1917. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 7, 2011.
- ^ ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง ยุบอำเภอลงเป็นกิ่งอำเภอ (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 55 (ง): 2067. September 12, 1938. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 16, 2012.
- ^ พระราชกฤษฎีกาเปลี่ยนนามอำเภอ กิ่งอำเภอ และตำบลบางแห่ง พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๒ (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 56 (ก): 354–364. April 17, 1939. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2009.
- ^ พระราชกฤษฎีกาจัดตั้งอำเภอนาทวี อำเภอสะบ้าย้อย อำเภอคำชะอี อำเภอย่านตาขาว อำเภอวัดโบสถ์ อำเภอหนองบัว อำเภอวัฒนานคร อำเภอแสวงหา อำเภอท่าชนะ อำเภอพระพุทธบาท อำเภอโนนสัง อำเภอบำเหน็จณรงค์ อำเภอคอนสวรรค์ อำเภอบ้านโฮ่ง อำเภอคีรีมาศ อำเภอชนแดน อำเภอแม่แจ่ม อำเภอไทรน้อย และอำเภอบ้านแพง พ.ศ. ๒๔๙๙ (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 73 (46 ก): 657–661. June 5, 1956. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 11, 2011.
- ^ พระราชกฤษฎีกาตั้งอำเภอกัลยาณิวัฒนา จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๒ (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 126 (97 ก): 7–9. 2009-12-25. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 14, 2011.
- ^ Praiwan, Yuthana (11 November 2019). "Earning their corn". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ^ "Population statistics 2008". Department of Provincial Administration. Archived from the original on 2012-08-19.
- ^ Sorasak Tantayothin (Story) & Nopphadol Khanbua (Photos), อินทนนท์-แม่แจ่ม-แม่อูคอ ธรรมชาติ ชีวิต และดอกไม้ (Inthanon - Mae Chaem - Mae U-kho the meaning of a real-life experience), Osotho, Vol. 60 Issue 4 (November 2019) Thai: ภาษาไทย