Madrid
Senate of Spain Electoral constituency
Location of Madrid within Spain
Province	Madrid
Autonomous community	Community of Madrid
Population	7,001,715 (2024)[1]
Electorate	5,224,561 (2023)
Major settlements	Madrid, Móstoles, Alcalá de Henares, Fuenlabrada, Leganés, Getafe, Alcorcón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Parla, Alcobendas
Current constituency
Created	1977
Seats	4
Member(s)	PP (3)   PSOE (1)

Madrid is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Madrid. The electoral system uses limited voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate of Spain,^[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.^[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.^[4]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.^[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.^[6][7] Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado),^[8][9] which was abolished in 2022.^[10] 208 seats are elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors can vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts are the islands themselves, with the larger—Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro (which comprised a single constituency only for the 1977 election), Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.^{[2][3][11][12]} Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature.^[13]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.^[14][15]

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Pedro Rollán Ojeda		PP	1,450,671	41.95
Y Pío García-Escudero Márquez		PP	1,415,953	40.94
Y Paloma Martín Martín		PP	1,399,006	40.45
Y José Manuel Franco Pardo		PSOE	1,030,269	29.79
• Santiago Llorente Gutiérrez		PSOE	975,966	28.22
• María del Valle Luna Zarza		PSOE	950,039	27.47
• Carolina Cordero Núñez		Sumar	546,839	15.81
• Jorge Lozano Mendoza		Sumar	440,824	12.74
• Carlos Bustelo García del Real		Vox	426,160	12.32
• Pedro del Cura Sánchez		Sumar	398,732	11.53
• Julia Escobar Moreno		Vox	395,118	11.42
• Zoe Milagros Valdés Martínez		Vox	373,048	10.78
• Asunción Estévez Chacón		PACMA	39,999	1.15
• Raúl Barrios Terroso		PACMA	21,182	0.61
• María Jesús Antúnez Alcántara		PACMA	20,717	0.59
• Jorge Serrano Paradinas		PUM+J	16,767	0.48
• Hugo Carrasco González		PCTE	12,831	0.37
• María Isabel Pinel Olmeda		PH	7,853	0.22
• Martín Ricardo Saenz de Ynestrillas Pérez		FE de las JONS	7,694	0.22
• Fabián Appel Katz		Recortes Cero	6,960	0.20
• Juan Antonio Gómez del Pulgar Alcaide		PACMA	4,076	0.11
• Ángel Casero Hernández		Recortes Cero	3,771	0.10
• Juana Constantina Zlotescu Simatu		Recortes Cero	3,746	0.10
• Eva Ubago Castro		PH	3,347	0.09
• Joaquín Pablo Segado Bixquert		PH	3,029	0.08
Blank ballots			47,432	1.37
Total			10002029
Valid votes			3,457,864	98.40
Invalid votes			55,965	1.59
Votes cast / turnout			3,513,829	73.96
Abstentions			1,236,806	26.03
Registered voters			4750635
Sources[16]

40°30′N 3°40′W / 40.500°N 3.667°W / 40.500; -3.667