This is a list of notable members of the Phi Beta Kappa who have Wikipedia biographies.
This is a
dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with
reliable sources .
Notable members elected as undergraduates
Name
Year
College or University
Notability
References
Bushrod Washington
1778
College of William & Mary
John Heath
1779
College of William & Mary
Richard Bland Lee
1780
College of William & Mary
John Marshall
1780
College of William & Mary
James Kent
1781
Yale College
Stephen Van Rensselaer
1782
Harvard University
[ 1]
John Quincy Adams
1787
Harvard University
Eli Whitney
1792
Yale College
David Sherman Boardman
1792
Yale College
Joseph Story
1798
Harvard University
Oliver Ellsworth
1799
Yale College
Daniel Webster
1801
Dartmouth College
John Calhoun
1804
Yale College
Levi Woodbury
1809
Dartmouth College
Samuel Morse
1810
Yale College
William H. Prescott
1814
Harvard University
Joseph Tracy
1814
Dartmouth College
William H. Seward
1819
Union College
Rufus Choate
1819
Dartmouth College
Nathaniel Hawthorne
1824
Bowdoin College
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
1825
Bowdoin College
Salmon Portland Chase
1826
Dartmouth College
William Strong
1828
Yale College
Ralph Waldo Emerson
1828
Harvard University
[ 2]
Benjamin Robbins Curtis
1829
Harvard University
Lorenzo Langstroth
1831
Yale College
Asa Fowler
1833
Dartmouth College
Timothy P. Redfield
1836
Dartmouth College
Morrison Remick Waite
1837
Yale College
Chester A. Arthur
1848
Union College
William S. Clark
1848
Amherst College
Timothy Dwight V
1848
Yale College
Joshua Chamberlain
1852
Bowdoin College
Joseph H. Choate
1852
Harvard University
Melville Weston Fuller
1853
Bowdoin College
George Shiras Jr
1853
Yale College
David Josiah Brewer
1856
Yale College
Henry Billings Brown
1856
Yale College
James A. Garfield
1856
Williams College
John B. Hinkson
1860
Lafayette College
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
1861
Harvard University
George Moulton Carpenter
1864
Brown University
William T. Sherman
1866
Dartmouth College
[ 3]
Henry Adams
1872
Harvard University
[ 4]
Henry James
1872
Harvard University
[ 5]
William Henry Moody
1876
Harvard University
Robert Peary
1877
Bowdoin College
William Howard Taft
1878
Yale College
John Dewey
1879
University of Vermont
Theodore Roosevelt
1880
Harvard University
Charles Evans Hughes
1881
Brown University
Edward Bouchet
1874
Yale College
John Hessin Clarke
1877
Case Western Reserve University
Henry Clay Folger
1879
Amherst College
George Santayana
1886
Harvard University
Henry Stimson
1888
Yale University
Bernard Baruch
1889
City College of New York
Benjamin Cardozo
1889
Columbia College
W. E. B. Du Bois
1890
Fisk University
Bainbridge Colby
1890
Williams College
Henrietta Swan Leavitt
1892
Radcliffe College
Edward E. Wilson
1892
Williams College
Learned Hand
1893
Harvard University
Alexander Meiklejohn
1893
Brown University
Andrew Sledd
1894
Randolph-Macon College
Harlan Fiske Stone
1894
Amherst College
Owen Roberts
1895
University of Pennsylvania
John Barlow
1895
Brown University
Louis Brandeis
1895
Harvard University
[ 6]
Caroline Ransom Williams
1896
Mount Holyoke College
[ 7]
John D. Rockefeller Jr.
1897
Brown University
[ 8]
Richard B. Carter
1898
Harvard University
Mary Annette Anderson
1899
Middlebury College
John Gresham Machen
1901
Johns Hopkins University
Felix Frankfurter
1902
City College of New York
Elihu Root
1903
Hamilton College
Stanley King
1903
Amherst College
John J. Tigert
1904
Vanderbilt University
Booker T. Washington
1904
Harvard University
[ 9]
Jessie Redmon Fauset
1905
Cornell University
Christine Iverson Bennett
1907
University of Michigan
[ 10]
Ernest Everett Just
1907
Dartmouth College
John J. Parker
1907
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
William Burke Belknap
1908
Yale College
John Foster Dulles
1908
Princeton University
John Hall Wheelock
1908
Harvard University
Owen Brewster
1909
Bowdoin College
Harold Hitz Burton
1909
Bowdoin College
Walter Lippmann
1909
Harvard University
Harold Medina
1909
Princeton University
C.T. Wang
1910
Yale University
Paul Douglas
1913
Bowdoin College
Jane Barus
1913
Smith College
Katharine Lambert Richards Rockwell
1913
Smith College
Pearl Buck
1914
Randolph-Macon Woman's College
James Bryant Conant
1914
Harvard University
Carroll A. Edson
1914
Dartmouth College
Hu Hsen-Hsu
1914
University of California, Berkeley
[ 11]
Dean Acheson
1915
Yale University
Archibald MacLeish
1915
Yale University
Charles Hamilton Houston
1915
Amherst College
Alfred Kinsey
1916
Bowdoin College
Robert Frost
1916
Harvard University
[ 12]
Irwin Edman
1917
Columbia University
Jarvis Offutt
1917
Yale University
Thomas Granville Pullen Jr.
1917
College of William & Mary
Oliver Waterman Larkin
1918
Harvard University
Paul Robeson
1919
Rutgers University
[ 13]
K. K. Chen
1920
University of Wisconsin-Madison
William O. Douglas
1920
Whitman College
Percy Lavon Julian
1920
DePauw University
David E. Lilienthal
1920
DePauw University
Countee Cullen
1922
New York University
Henry Friendly
1923
Harvard University
Nathan F. Leopold
1923
University of Chicago
Herbert Brownell Jr.
1924
University of Nebraska
Grayson L. Kirk
1924
Miami University
J. Robert Oppenheimer
1925
Harvard University
[ 14]
Alger Hiss
1926
Johns Hopkins University
Martin Dobelle
1926
Fordham University
Joseph J. Spengler
1927
Ohio State University
George H. Hitchings
1927
University of Washington
Mildred Grosberg Bellin
1928
Smith College
Grace Hopper
1928
Vassar College
John C. Stennis
1928
University of Virginia
Carl Sandburg
1928
Harvard University
[ 15]
Leroy Anderson
1929
Harvard University
Harry Blackmun
1929
Harvard University
Paul S. Dunkin
1929
DePauw University
Margaret Burnham Geddes
1929
Vassar College
James Michener
1929
Swarthmore College
Lewis Franklin Powell Jr.
1929
Washington & Lee University
William Fields Carter
1930
University of Richmond
Virginia state delegate
[ 16]
Nelson Rockefeller
1930
Dartmouth College
Jonas Salk
1930
City College of New York
Carl Albert
1931
University of Oklahoma
Dean Rusk
1931
Davidson College
Fred Sington
1931
University of Alabama
Edward H. Levi
1932
University of Chicago
Eugene O'Neill Jr.
1932
Yale University
Eugene V. Rostow
1932
Yale University
Barry Wood
1932
Harvard University
Paul Weston (as Paul Wetstein)
1933
Dartmouth College
Frank Oppenheimer
1933
Johns Hopkins University
John Howard
1934
Case Western Reserve University
Daniel Boorstin
1934
Harvard University
Richard Helms
1935
Williams College
T. S. Eliot
1935
Harvard University
Samuel Belkin
1935
Brown University
Milton Babbitt
1936
New York University
Ed Muskie
1936
Bates College
Robert McNamara
1936
University of California Berkeley
Alan Lomax
1936
University of Texas
Potter Stewart
1937
Yale University
Byron White
1937
University of Colorado
Caspar Weinberger
1938
Harvard University
Doris Grumbach
1939
New York University
John L. Loos
1939
University of Nebraska
Nile Kinnick
1939
University of Iowa
Wilma Dykeman
1940
Northwestern University
Orville Freeman
1940
University of Minnesota
Bernard Epstein
1940
New York University
Ella T. Grasso
1940
Mount Holyoke College
Allen Ludden
1940
University of Texas
Robie Macauley
1941
Kenyon College
Ruth Barcan Marcus
1941
New York University
Wade H. McCree
1941
Fisk University
William Kunstler
1941
Yale University
John Paul Stevens
1941
University of Chicago
Betty Friedan
1942
Smith College
Carl W. Gottschalk
1942
Roanoke College
Jade Snow Wong
1942
Mills College
George C. Baldwin
1943
Kalamazoo College
James F. Howard Jr.
1943
Yale University
Phyllis Schlafly
1943
Washington University in St. Louis
Cid Corman
1945
Tufts University
Frank Church
1947
Stanford University
Jack St. Clair Kilby
1947
University of Illinois
Peter D. Lax
1947
New York University
Tom Lehrer
1947
Harvard University
Robert Bork
1948
University of Chicago
George H. W. Bush
1948
Yale University
Edward D. White Jr.
1948
Columbia University
Martin Lewis Perl
1948
Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn
William Rehnquist
1948
Stanford University
Judith Tobin
1948
Mount Holyoke College
Brock Adams
1949
Washington University in St. Louis
Bill Naito
1949
Reed College
Edward O. Wilson
1949
University of Alabama
Jane Dempsey Douglass
c. 1950s
Syracuse University
Henry Kissinger
1950
Harvard University
Marv Levy
1950
Coe College
William Dickey
1951
Reed College
Ursula K. Le Guin
1951
Radcliffe College
Susan Sontag
1951
University of Chicago
Arlen Specter
1951
University of Pennsylvania
David Lee
1952
Harvard University
Arthur Levitt
1952
Williams College
Stephen Sondheim
1952
Williams College
John Shelby Spong
1952
University of North Carolina
Guido Calabresi
1953
Yale University
Clive Davis
1953
New York University
Ronald Dworkin
1953
Harvard University
John Hope Franklin
1953
Fisk University
[ 17]
Fredric Jameson
1953
Haverford College
[ 18]
Paul Donnelly Paganucci
1953
Dartmouth College
Thomas R. Pickering
1953
Bowdoin College
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
1954
Cornell University
Sheldon Glashow
1954
Cornell University
Richard Lugar
1954
Denison University
Victor Navasky
1954
Swarthmore College
Joan Rivers
1954
Barnard College
John Updike
1954
Harvard University
Steven Weinberg
1954
Cornell University
Franklin M. Fisher
1955
Harvard University
Ralph Nader
1955
Princeton University
Reynolds Price
1955
Duke University
John L. Hall
1956
Carnegie Mellon University
Gloria Steinem
1956
Smith College
Akira Iriye
1957
Haverford College
Elizabeth Dole
1958
Duke University
Anthony Kennedy
1958
Stanford University
Kris Kristofferson
1958
Pomona College
Joseph Nye
1958
Princeton University
Paul Comi
1958
University of Southern California
Robert Coleman Richardson
1958
Virginia Tech
Stephen Breyer
1959
Stanford University
Francis Ford Coppola
1959
Hofstra University
John W. Dower
1959
Amherst College
Bob Graham
1959
University of Florida
Robert Nozick
1959
Columbia University
Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr.
1959
Cornell University
Richard Posner
1959
Yale University
Richard Lindzen
1960
Harvard University
Robert E. Rubin
1960
Harvard University
David H. Souter
1960
Harvard University
Daniel Gillespie
1960
Rice University
Lester Thurow
1960
Williams College
Fay Vincent
1960
Williams College
Pat Schroeder
1961
University of Minnesota
Sheldon Goldman
1961
New York University
Elizabeth Parr-Johnston
1961
Wellesley College
Lamar Alexander
1962
Vanderbilt University
Tom Brokaw
1962
University of South Dakota
Lynne Cheney
1962
Colorado College
Robert Christgau
1962
Dartmouth College
Edward Ng
1962
University of Minnesota
Barack Obama Sr.
1962
University of Hawaii
Daniel C. Tsui
1962
Augustana College
David L. Boren
1963
Yale University
Richard Epstein
1963
Columbia University
David Satcher
1963
Morehouse College
John Edgar Wideman
1963
University of Pennsylvania
James Woolsey
1963
Stanford University
David Boies
1964
University of Redlands
Michael Crichton
1964
Harvard University
Leonard Bernstein
1964
Harvard University
[ 8]
Joseph Lieberman
1964
Yale University
Angela Davis
1965
Brandeis University
Carl Gershman
1965
Yale University
[ 19] [ 20]
Terrence Malick
1965
Harvard University
Walter Murch
1965
Johns Hopkins University
W. Taylor Reveley III
1965
Princeton University
Paul Wellstone
1965
University of North Carolina
William Weld
1966
Harvard University
Philip Lader
1966
Duke University
George Smoot
1966
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jane Harman
1966
Smith College
John Postlethwait
1966
Purdue University
Douglas D. Osheroff
1967
California Institute of Technology
Richard Blumenthal
1967
Harvard University
Janet Yellen
1967
Brown University
Bill Clinton
1968
Georgetown University
Michio Kaku
1968
Harvard University
John C. Mather
1968
Swarthmore College
Henry Paulson
1968
Dartmouth College
Isaac Asimov
1972
Boston University
[ 9]
Laurie Anderson
1969
Barnard College
Jon Corzine
1969
University of Illinois
Hugh David Politzer
1969
University of Michigan
Frank J. Fabozzi
1969
City University of New York
E. Annie Proulx
1969
University of Vermont
Steven Chu
1970
University of Rochester
Frank Easterbrook
1970
Swarthmore College
Mazie Hirono
1970
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Frank Wilczek
1970
University of Chicago
David Rubenstein
1970
Duke University
Louis Freeh
1971
Rutgers University
Michael Katze
1971
Boston University
Mike Nifong
1971
University of North Carolina
Chuck Schumer
1971
Harvard University
Pat Quinn
1971
Georgetown University
Roger Tsien
1971
Harvard University
Nadine Strossen
1972
Radcliffe College
Samuel Alito
1972
Princeton University
Robert B. Laughlin
1972
University of California Berkeley
Jeffrey K. Tulis
1972
Bates College
Benazir Bhutto
1973
Radcliffe College
Jeb Bush
1973
University of Texas
E.J. Dionne
1973
Harvard University
John N. Kennedy
1973
Vanderbilt University
Rita Dove
1973
Miami University
Austin Ligon
1973
University of Texas
Renée Montagne
1973
University of California Berkeley
Diana Nyad
1973
Lake Forest College
Carl Wieman
1973
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Glenn Close
1974
College of William & Mary
Christie Hefner
1974
Brandeis University
Mark E. Kalmansohn
c. 1974
University of California, Los Angeles
Condoleezza Rice
1974
University of Denver
Ben Bernanke
1975
Harvard University
Susan Collins
1975
St. Lawrence University
Griffith R. Harsh
1975
Harvard University
Harold Hongju Koh
1975
Harvard University
Gale Norton
1975
University of Denver
Robert Zoellick
1975
Swarthmore College
Michael Burns
1976
University of California, Los Angeles
actor and historian
Lawrence B. Lindsey
1976
Bowdoin College
Jack A. Goldstone
1976
Harvard University
Alfredo Jocelyn-Holt
1976
Johns Hopkins University
John G. Roberts
1976
Harvard University
Sonia Sotomayor
1976
Princeton University
Joseph C. Nuesse
1976
Catholic University of America
Mark Warner
1977
George Washington University
Michael Stuart
1977
DePauw University
[ 21]
Jeffrey Vitter
1977
University of Notre Dame
Dale Archer
1978
Tulane University
Maurice Berger
1978
Hunter College
Karen Hughes
1978
Southern Methodist University
David Addington
1978
Georgetown University
Paula Franzese
1979
Barnard College
Debra Lehrmann
1979
University of Texas at Austin
David Merritt
1979
University of Santa Clara
Mary Lambeth Moore
1980
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Stavros Lambrinidis
1984
Amherst College
Jennifer Granholm
1980
University of California, Berkeley
Michael R. Barratt
1981
University of Washington
Lynn Barry
1981
College of William & Mary
Nicholas D. Kristof
1981
Harvard University
Elena Kagan
1981
Princeton University
I Michael Leitman
1981
Boston University
Eliot Spitzer
1981
Princeton University
Matthew Kramer
1981
Cornell University
Jill Zimmerman
1981
Purdue University
George Stephanopoulos
1982
Columbia University
Kateryna Yushchenko
1982
Georgetown University
Patrick Fitzgerald
1982
Amherst College
David Duchovny
1982
Princeton University
[ 22]
Jeffrey W. Legro
1982
Middlebury College
Jean Rhodes
1983
University of Vermont
Christopher Eisgruber
1983
Princeton University
Miguel Estrada
1983
Columbia University
Dinesh D'Souza
1983
Dartmouth College
Christiane Amanpour
1983
University of Rhode Island
[ 23]
Lisa Randall
1984
Harvard University
Lee Siegel
1984
Columbia University
Eric Allin Cornell
1985
Stanford University
Ken Stern
1985
Haverford College
Daniel Pearl
1985
Stanford University
Carol Queen
1985
University of Oregon
Anne Applebaum
1986
Yale University
Jeff Bezos
1986
Princeton University
Sabine Hyland
1986
Cornell University
Susan Rice
1986
Stanford University
Rafael Resendes
1987
University of California, Berkeley
Laura J. Snyder
1987
Brandeis University
Paul Clement
1988
Georgetown University
Neil Gorsuch
1988
Princeton University
KellyAnne Conway
1989
Trinity Washington University
Eudora Welty
1989
Millsaps College
[ 9]
Ashley Judd
1990
University of Kentucky
Rosa Brooks
1990
Harvard University
Joshua Redman
1991
Harvard University
Paul Adelstein
1991
Bowdoin College
Peter R. Orszag
1991
Princeton University
Carson Kressley
1991
Gettysburg College
Jimmy Carter
1991
Kansas State University
[ 24]
Dena Grayson
1991
University of Florida
Julie Story Byerley
1992
Rhodes College
Doris Eaton Travis
1992
University of Oklahoma
Danielle Allen
1993
Princeton University
Benjamin Radford
1993
University of New Mexico
Stephanie Herseth Sandlin
1993
Georgetown University
Amit Mehta
1993
Georgetown University
Bobby Jindal
1993
Brown University
Matt Sherman
1994
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Amy Coney Barrett
1994
Rhodes College
Robb LaKritz
1994
University of Michigan
Burton Rocks
1994
Stony Brook University
Mamphela Ramphele
1994
Harvard University
[ 25]
James Kerwin
1995
Texas Christian University
Griff Aldrich
1996
Hampden-Sydney College
Matthew Kleban
1996
Reed College
Andrew Mueller
1996
University of California, Santa Cruz
Dan O'Brien
1996
Middlebury College
playwright
Emily Bergl
1997
Grinnell College
Richard Carrier
1997
University of California, Berkeley
Susan Haack
1997
University of Miami
[ 26]
Peyton Manning
1997
University of Tennessee
[ 27]
Michael Schur
1997
Harvard University
Ro Khanna
1998
University of Chicago
[ 28] [ 29]
Kerry Washington
1998
George Washington University
Sufjan Stevens
1998
Hope College
Brad Delson
1999
University of California, Los Angeles
Rita Ng
2000
Stanford University
[ 30]
Heidi Cruz
2000
Claremont McKenna College
[ 31]
Holly A. Thomas
2000
Stanford University
[ 32]
Brianna Keilar
2001
University of California, Berkeley
Josh Hawley
2002
Stanford University
Pete Buttigieg
2004
Harvard University
[ 33]
Ben Shapiro
2004
University of California, Los Angeles
Rivers Cuomo
2006
Harvard University
Oludamini Ogunnaike
2007
Harvard University
[ 34]
Vivek Ramaswamy
2007
Harvard University
Isaiah Andrews
2009
Yale College
Lena Park
2010
Columbia University
Kurt Hugo Schneider
2010
Yale University
Annie E. Clark
2011
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Tamar Kaprelian
2016
Columbia University
Sylvia Swayne
2019
University of Alabama
Amanda Gorman
2020
Harvard University
Honorary members
Fictional members Ellis Loew, fictional District Attorney in James Ellroy 's novels The Black Dahlia , The Big Nowhere , and L.A. Confidential , is a member and he shows his key several times.
Thomas Crown, title character of the movie The Thomas Crown Affair , toys with his golden Phi Beta Kappa key which he is wearing on a chain. It is stated that he is an alumnus of Dartmouth College and Harvard Business School.
Richard Sumner, the main character of the movie Desk Set (1957), is mentioned as a member when Bunny Watson (Katharine Hepburn ) reels off Sumner's character's accomplishments and says that he's a graduate of M.I.T. with a Ph.D. in Science and a Phi Beta Kappa, although he doesn't wear his key, which means either that he's modest or he lost it.
Harry Bailey in the movie It's a Wonderful Life (1946) is greeted at the train station by George and Uncle Billy as “Professor Phi Beta Kappa Harry Bailey,” implying he is a member.
Charley Bordelon West in TV show Queen Sugar is a member.[ 52] This is referenced when she has to correct someone who incorrectly refers to it as a social fraternity.[ 53]
Rory Gilmore, the title character of the TV show Gilmore Girls , is referenced as a member of Emily and Richard Gilmore's graduation musical duo.
Emily Sweeney in TV show The Big Bang Theory is revealed as a Phi Beta Kappa member. It is said to have been apparent on her online dating profile viewed by Rajesh Koothrappali . Also, Sheldon Cooper has a frame of Phi Beta Kappa in his office, suggesting that he is a member.
Gavin Stevens, the protagonist of several pieces by William Faulkner exhibits the Phi Beta Kappa key from Harvard in the stories "Hand Upon the Water", "An Error in Chemistry" and "Knight's Gambit".
Niles Crane of the TV show Frasier is a member.
Greg Sanders of the TV show CSI: Crime Scene Investigation is a member.
References
^ Phi Beta Kappa. Massachusetts Alpha (Harvard University) (1912). Catalogue of the Harvard Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, Alpha of Massachusetts . Harvard University. p. 5. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ "Phi Beta Kappa" . CSULB Phi Beta Kappa . 2018-01-16. Retrieved 2023-07-20 .
^ "Notable Fellow Phi Beta Kappa Members" . bgsu.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ "Who Is a Member of PBK? - PBK - UNCG" . phibetakappa.uncg.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ "Phi Beta Kappa | Willamette University" . willamette.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ "PBK - Phi Beta Kappa Supreme Court Justices" (PDF) .
^ Lesko, Barbara S. "Caroline Louise Ransom Williams, 1872–1952" (PDF) . Breaking Ground: Women in Old World Archaeology . Retrieved 14 June 2023 .
^ a b "Phi Beta Kappa : The Colonial Williamsburg Official History & Citizenship Site" . history.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ a b c d e "Phi Beta Kappa: Alpha of Delaware Chapter | Honors Program" . sites.udel.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ Franklin, James Henry (1919). Ministers of mercy . New York: Methodist Book Concern.
^ Hu, Xiaojiang, ed. (March 2023). 胡先骕全集 [H. H. Hu: complete works ] (in Chinese). Vol. 19 (1st ed.). Jiangxi People's Publishing House. pp. 48–53. ISBN 978-7-210-10955-6 .
^ Tuten, N.L.; Zubizarreta, J. (2001). The Robert Frost Encyclopedia . Greenwood Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780313294648 . Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ "Paul Robeson, a brief biography" . CPSR University of Chicago. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ Cassidy, David C. (2005). J. Robert Oppenheimer and the American Century. New York: Pi Press. ISBN 978-0-13-147996-8. OCLC 56503198, pp. 75–76, 88–89.
^ Callahan, N. (2010). Carl Sandburg: His Life and Works . Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 33. ISBN 9780271038179 . Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ Buckman, Jenifer V. (1999-04-05). "William F. Carter Dies; Was Lawyer" . Richmond Times-Dispatch . p. 15. Retrieved 2024-10-04 – via Newspapers.com .
^ "John Hope Franklin » John Hope Franklin" . jhfcenter.org. Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ "Honor Societies" , Haverford College Bulletin , 52 (4): 67, 1954
^ Conference on World affairs, University of Colorado (29 March – 2 April 1971), Who is who: 24th annual conference on world affairs (PDF) , Boulder, Colorado: Prosopography Archive, Conference on World Affairs Archives at Norlin Library, University of Colorado, p. 1, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2011
^ Reed, Dale (1999), Register of the Carl Gershman Papers (PDF) , Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University , archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2011, retrieved 13 August 2011
^ "Michael J. Stuart, M.D." Mayo Clinic . 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2023 .
^ "PBK Famous Members" . depts.washington.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ "Weddings; Jamie Rubin, Christiane Amanpour" . The New York Times . 9 August 1998.
^ "PBK - Phi Beta Kappa Presidents" (PDF) .
^ "Things you may not know about Mamphela Ramphele - Sowetan LIVE" . sowetanlive.co.za. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
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