Langbahn Team – Weltmeisterschaft

List of General Motors factories

This is a list of General Motors factories that are being or have been used to produce automobiles and automobile components.[1] The factories are occasionally idled for re-tooling.

Current factories

VIN Name City/State Country Products Opened Idled Comments
R Arlington Assembly Arlington, Texas United States Chevrolet Tahoe
Chevrolet Suburban
GMC Yukon
GMC Yukon XL
Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV
1954   Located at 2525 E Abram St.
Expanded in 2018 with new building to the west to make body panels
  Bay City Powertrain Bay City, Michigan United States Engine components 1916   Located at 1001 Woodside Ave. Originally opened as National Cycle Manufacturing Co. in 1892 to make bicycles. Bought by Chevrolet in 1916 and joined GM along with Chevrolet in 1918.
  Bedford Casting Bedford, Indiana United States Cylinder heads, cylinder blocks, transmission cases, drive unit housings, structural components 1942   Located at 105 GM Drive.
5 Bowling Green Assembly Plant Bowling Green, Kentucky United States Chevrolet Corvette (C8)

LT4 V8 engine for: Chevrolet Corvette Z06 (C7) (2015-2016 models with Z07 package or build your own engine option, 2017-2019 all Z06 models), Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 (Gen 6) (phased in during 2020), Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing, and Cadillac Escalade-V
LT6 V8 engine

1981   Located at 600 Corvette Drive.
Performance Build Center relocated from Wixom, MI to Bowling Green Assembly in 2014.
  Brownstown Battery Assembly Plant Brownstown Charter Township, Michigan United States Battery packs for GMC Hummer EV & Cadillac Lyriq
Roof module for Cruise AV
Assembles prototype battery packs
2009   Located at 20001 Brownstown Center Dr.
Battery packs for Chevrolet Volt, Holden Volt, Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, Cadillac ELR, Chevrolet Spark EV (2015-2016 only - LG Chem cells)
6
9 (BrightDrop)
CAMI Assembly Ingersoll, Ontario Canada BrightDrop Zevo 600[2]
BrightDrop Zevo 400
1989   Located at 300 Ingersoll St. S. Originally, a 50/50 joint venture with Suzuki until December 2009 when GM bought Suzuki's share.
  Defiance Foundry Defiance, Ohio United States Aluminum engine blocks & heads 1948   Located at 26427 State Route 281. Was part of GM's Central Foundry Division. Iron pouring ended in 2017. The plant now pours only aluminum blocks and heads. Defiance made the aluminum blocks and heads for the Buick 215 V8. Defiance has also supplied Toyota with 4-cylinder engine blocks and Nissan with V6 engine blocks.
U Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly Hamtramck, Michigan & Detroit, Michigan United States GMC Hummer EV
Chevrolet Silverado EV
GMC Sierra EV
Cruise Origin AV
Assembles Ultium battery cells into modules and packs for a variety of vehicles
1985   Also called "Poletown" and "Factory ZERO". Located at 2500 East Grand Blvd.
  DMAX Ltd. Moraine, Ohio United States Duramax V8 engine 2000   Located on 3100 Dryden Rd.
  DMAX Ltd. Components Plant Brookville, Ohio United States Machined engine components for Duramax V8 engine 2021   Located at 101 W. Campus Blvd.
  GM Egypt 6th of October City Egypt Chevrolet N-Series
Chevrolet T-Series
Chevrolet Optra
Chevrolet Move
1985  
F Fairfax II Kansas City, Kansas United States Chevrolet Malibu (2016-)
Cadillac XT4
1987   Located at 3201 Fairfax Trafficway. Replaced original Fairfax Assembly Plant (Fairfax I) for 1988 model year production.
  Flint Engine South Flint, Michigan United States 1.5 Turbo I4 (Malibu),
3.0 Duramax I6 engine
2000   Located at 2100 Bristol Road. Located just to the south of Flint Truck Assembly and on the east side of Flint Metal Center.
  Flint Metal Center Flint, Michigan United States Sheetmetal stampings for various GM models 1954   Located at G-2238 Bristol Road. Located just to the south of Flint Truck Assembly and on the west side of Flint Engine South. Metal fabricating plant.
  Flint Tool & Die (North American Engineering and Tooling Center) Flint, Michigan United States Tools & Dies for fabrication & assembly of sheetmetal body parts 1967   Located at 425 Stevenson St. Was Plant 38 of the "Chevy in the Hole" complex.
F Flint Truck Assembly Flint, Michigan United States Chevrolet Silverado
GMC Sierra
1947   Located at G 3100 Van Slyke Road. GM's oldest assembly plant in North America.
Z Fort Wayne Assembly Roanoke, Indiana United States Chevrolet Silverado
GMC Sierra
1986   Located at 12200 Lafayette Center Rd.
  Grand Rapids Operations Wyoming, Michigan United States Valvetrain products
Axles for full-size trucks
1943   Located at 2100 Burlingame Avenue SW. Originally established as Diesel Equipment Division of GM. Transferred to Delphi Automotive Systems in 1999 (Delphi Powertrain Systems Grand Rapids); taken back under Delphi Corporation bankruptcy and renamed General Motors Components Holdings in 1999.
  Gravatai Automotive Industrial Complex Gravatai, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Chevrolet Onix
2000   Past models: Chevrolet Celta
Chevrolet Prisma[3][4]
Suzuki Fun
  Joinville Joinville, Santa Catarina Brazil 1.0 & 1.0 Turbo 3-cylinder engine
1.2 & 1.2 Turbo 3-cylinder engine
2013   Past engines: 1.0L & 1.4L SPE / 4
4-cylinder engines
  Kokomo Operations[5] Kokomo, Indiana United States Automotive Electronic Components including Powertrain and Body Control Modules 1936   Located at 2603 South Goyer Rd. Originally established as Delco Electronics Corp., a GM subsidiary. Home of Delco automotive radio production. Transferred to Delphi Automotive Systems in 1999 (Delco Electronics and Safety); taken back under Delphi Corporation bankruptcy and renamed General Motors Components Holdings in 2009.
GM Korea Boryeong South Korea Automatic Transmissions 2008   GM 6T40 transmission (GF6)
B GM Korea Bupyeong-gu, Incheon South Korea Chevrolet Trailblazer
Buick Encore GX

Engines: GM Family 0 engine
1.3L Turbo 3-cylinder engine

1962
1971 (engine plant)
  Bupyeong has 2 vehicle assembly plants and a powertrain plant. The Bupyeong 2 Assembly Plant ended production on November 26, 2022. Bupyeong 2 was last producing the Chevrolet Malibu and Trax and Buick Encore.
C GM Korea Changwon, Gyeongsang South Korea Chevrolet Trax
GM small gasoline engine LV7, LE2
Manual transmissions
1991  
J Lansing Delta Township Assembly Delta Township, Michigan United States Chevrolet Traverse 2010-present
Buick Enclave
2006   Located at 8175 Millett Hwy.
0 Lansing Grand River Assembly/Stamping Lansing, Michigan United States Cadillac CT5 (2020)
Cadillac CT4 (2020)
Chevrolet Camaro
2001   Located at 920 Townsend Street. Stamping plant added in 2016.
  Lansing Regional Stamping (LRS) Delta Township, Michigan United States   2004 Located within the Lansing Delta Assembly complex.
Lansing Service Parts Operation (SPO) Delta Township, Michigan United States   1960 Located at 4400 West Mount Hope Road. Previously Lansing Plant 4. Now called Lansing Redistribution Center, part of GM Customer Care and Aftersales.
  Lockport Operations Lockport, NY United States Thermal products (climate control systems, powertrain cooling systems) and stators for EV motors. 1914   Located at 200 Upper Mountain Road. Founded in 1910 as the Harrison Radiator Company. Acquired by United Motors in 1916 which was then acquired by GM in 1918. Transferred to Delphi Automotive Systems in 1999 (Harrison Thermal Systems); taken back under Delphi Corporation bankruptcy and renamed General Motors Components Holdings in 2009.
  Marion Metal Center Marion, Indiana United States Sheetmetal stamped parts & blanks for various GM models 1956   Located at 2400 West Second St. Metal fabricating. Originally a Fisher Body division plant.
  Mogi das Cruzes Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo state Brazil Stampings for new & replacement parts 1999   Stamping plant
4 Orion Assembly Orion Township, Michigan United States Chevrolet Bolt EV
Chevrolet Bolt EUV
Cruise AV
1983 2009; reopened 2011 Located at 4555 Giddings Road.
1 (Line 2)/
9 (Line 1)
Oshawa Car Assembly Oshawa, Ontario Canada Chevrolet Silverado 1500
Chevrolet Silverado HD
1953   Located at 900 Park Rd South.
  Oshawa Metal Oshawa, Ontario Canada Stamped metal parts for new production and for service parts 1986   Part of the overall Oshawa Assembly complex (Autoplex) on Park Road South. Located at 1000 Park Road South.
  Parma Metal Center Parma, Ohio United States Sheetmetal stampings & assemblies for various GM models 1948   Located at 5400 Chevrolet Blvd.
Metal fabricating
  Pontiac Metal Center Pontiac, Michigan United States Sheetmetal stampings for various GM models 1926   Located at 260 E. Beverly Ave.
Metal fabricating
Originally, a Cartercar plant and then an Oakland plant.
S Ramos Arizpe Assembly Ramos Arizpe Mexico Chevrolet Blazer
Chevrolet Equinox
1981   Stamping plant added in 1995 and a paint plant added in 1997.
  Ramos Arizpe Engine Ramos Arizpe Mexico 1.2L Turbo 3-cylinder engine
Gen V Small Block V8 & V6
1982   Past engines: General Motors 60° V6 engine
GM High Value V6
GM High Feature V6
  Ramos Arizpe Transmission Ramos Arizpe Mexico VT40 (CVT250) CVT transmission 1999   Past transmissions: 4L60-E/4L65-E 4-speed automatic
6T70/6T75 6-speed automatic (GF6)
4ET50 EVT (for Chevrolet Volt)
4ET55 EVT (for Cadillac ELR)
  Rochester Operations Rochester, NY United States Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, and Buick Components - Engine management systems, fuel injection systems, and related products. 1939   Located at 1000 Lexington Avenue. Founded in 1908 as the Rochester Coil Company. Acquired by GM in 1929. Became the Rochester Products Division of GM. Transferred to Delphi Automotive Systems in 1999 (Rochester Powertrain); taken back under Delphi Corporation bankruptcy and renamed General Motors Components Holdings in 2009.
  Romulus Engine Romulus, Michigan United States HFV6 Gen4 V6 1976   Located at 36880 Ecorse Road. Originally part of GM's Detroit Diesel Allison Division where it built diesel engines and components. Switched to gasoline engines in the 1980s.
  Romulus Transmission Romulus, Michigan United States 10L80/90 Transmission 1995   Located at 36880 Ecorse Road.
Past transmissions: GM 4L60-E transmission
  Rosario Alvear, Rosario Department, Santa Fe Province Argentina Chevrolet Cruze
Chevrolet Tracker

Engines: 1.4L Turbo I4 LE2

1997   Engine plant added in 2016.

Past Models: Chevrolet Corsa C, Chevrolet Corsa B/Corsa Classic/Classic, Chevrolet Agile
and Suzuki Grand Vitara/Chevrolet Tracker

  Saginaw Metal Casting Operations Saginaw, Michigan United States Metal casting for powertrains (High Feature V6 engine): engine blocks, heads, and crankshafts
Front 4WD axle assembly castings
1919   Located at 1629 N. Washington Avenue.
L San Luis Potosí Assembly San Luis Potosí Mexico Chevrolet Equinox[6]
GMC Terrain
2008  
  San Luis Potosí Transmission San Luis Potosí Mexico FWD GF9 9 Speed Transmissions 2009   GM-Ford 6-speed automatic transmission 6T40/45 (GF6)
  São Caetano do Sul Assembly São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo Brazil Chevrolet Montana
Chevrolet Spin
Chevrolet Tracker
1930  
  São José dos Campos Assembly São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil

Chevrolet S-10
Chevrolet Trailblazer

Engines including: Chevrolet Jobmaster 261 I6, Chevrolet 153 4-cylinder, Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift engine, GM Family 1 engine, GM Family II engine
Detroit Diesel Series 53
Transmissions

1959  
G Silao Assembly Silao Mexico Chevrolet Silverado
GMC Sierra
1994   Stamping plant added in 1997. Full-size SUV production moved entirely to Arlington Assembly after the 2009 model year; Past production models: Cadillac Escalade ESV, Cadillac Escalade EXT, Chevrolet Avalanche, Chevrolet Suburban, GMC Suburban, GMC Yukon XL
  Silao Engine Silao Mexico Gen V Small Block V8 2001   Gen IV Small Block V8
  Silao Transmission Silao Mexico 8L45, 8L90, 10L80 2008   GM 6L50 transmission, 6L80/90
Z,
S (Traverse & Vue)
Spring Hill Manufacturing Spring Hill, Tennessee United States GMC Acadia
Cadillac XT5
Cadillac XT6
Cadillac Lyriq

1.5L Turbo I4
Ecotec Gen III 2.0L Turbo I4
2.7L L3B turbo I4
5.3 & 6.2 Gen V
Small-Block V8 Engine


Stamping
Components
1990 2009-2012 Located at 100 Saturn Parkway.
  St. Catharines Propulsion Plant St. Catharines, Ontario Canada Gen V Small Block V8
High Feature V6 engine
Tremec TR-9080 8-speed dual clutch transmission
Engine components
1954   Located at 570 Glendale Avenue.
  Toledo Transmission Toledo, Ohio United States RWD GM-Allison 10-speed (10L1000) (AB1V) / 8-speed (8L45 & 8L90) / 6-Speed (6L45/6L50 & 6L80/6L90) Transmissions / FWD GF9 9 Speed Transmissions 1956 Located at 1455 West Alexis Road. Acquired from the former Martin-Parry Corporation in 1955. Replaced the older Toledo plant on Central Ave.
Toluca Engine Toluca, State of Mexico Mexico 1.4L/1.5L SGE I4

Vortec 3000 Marine & Industrial 4-cyl. engine
5.0 & 5.7 Marine & Industrial V8 engines
Small-block V8 engines for the aftermarket
Aluminum Foundry

1965 Past engines: GM Family 1 engine
  Tonawanda Engine Buffalo, New York United States LV1 4.3 L V6
L84 5.3 L V8
L87 6.2 L V8
LT1 6.2 L V8
LT2 6.2 L V8
L8T 6.6 L V8
1937   Located at 2995 River Rd. Includes 3 plants. Plant #1 opened in 1938. Plant #4 opened in 1941. Plant #5 opened in 2001.
  Ultium Cells LLC - Warren Warren, Ohio United States Ultium lithium-ion battery cells for EV's 2022 Owned by Ultium Cells LLC, a 50/50 joint venture between General Motors and LG Energy Solution. This is Ultium Cells' first plant. Located at 7400 Tod Ave SW.
1 Wentzville Assembly Wentzville, Missouri United States Chevrolet Express
GMC Savana
Chevrolet Colorado
GMC Canyon
1983   Located at 1500 East Route A.
  SAIC-GM Jinqiao, Pudong district, Shanghai China Cadillac CT4
Cadillac CT5
Cadillac CT6
Cadillac Lyriq
Cadillac XT4
Cadillac XT5
Cadillac XT6
Chevrolet Blazer
Chevrolet Malibu XL
Buick Enclave
Buick GL8 ES/Avenir (Mk III)
Buick GL8 Century (Mk IV)
Buick LaCrosse
Buick Regal (E2XX)
Buick Velite 7
Engines
Engine components
Transmissions
Ultium batteries
1998   Operated by SAIC-GM. There are 3 vehicle production plants (North, South, & East). North was the original plant. South began production in 2005. The East or "Cadillac" plant began production in 2016.
  SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors Yantai, Shandong China Chevrolet Aveo (Mex.)
Chevrolet Onix
Chevrolet Orlando
Chevrolet Trailblazer
Buick Encore GX
Buick Envision
Buick Excelle
2001   Operated by SAIC-GM. Originally founded in 2001 as Yantai Bodyshop Corp. which built Daewoo vehicles (Daewoo Lanos) under license from Daewoo Motor Co. SAIC-GM took over the plant in 2002. There are two vehicle production plants, North and South. SAIC-GM Dongyue Motors joint venture is owned 50% by SAIC-GM, 25% by GM China, & 25% by SAIC.
  SAIC-GM Dongyue Powertrain Yantai, Shandong China Engines
Transmissions including: 6T30/6T40/6T45/6T50, CVT
1999   Operated by SAIC-GM. Originally founded in 1999 as Shandong Daewoo Automotive Engine Co., Ltd., a 50/50 joint venture between Daewoo Motor Co. & Chinese partners owned by the Shandong provincial govt. SAIC-GM took over the plant in 2005. SAIC-GM Dongyue Powertrain joint venture is owned 50% by SAIC-GM, 25% by GM China, & 25% by SAIC.

Past Engines: Family I, Gen 3 engine

  SAIC-GM Norsom Motors Shenyang, Liaoning China Chevrolet Tracker
Buick Encore
Buick GL8 Legacy (Mk II) (2010-present)
Engines
1992   Operated by SAIC-GM. Originally founded in 1992 as Jinbei GM Automotive Co. Ltd., a 30/70 joint venture between GM & Shenyang Jinbei Automotive. Restructured into a 50/50 joint venture between GM & Jinbei in 1998. SAIC-GM took over the joint venture in 2004, buying out Jinbei. The new SAIC-GM Norsom Motors joint venture is owned 50% by SAIC-GM, 25% by GM China, & 25% by SAIC.
  SAIC-GM Wuhan Branch Wuhan, Hubei China Chevrolet Equinox
Chevrolet Monza
Chevrolet Menlo
Buick Excelle GT/GX[7]
Buick Verano Pro
Buick GL6
Buick Velite 6
Buick Electra E5
Engines
2015[8]   Operated by SAIC-GM.[9]

Past models: Chevrolet Cavalier

  SAIC-GM-Wuling (HQ plant) Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China Wuling models
Engines
1982   There are two vehicle production plants, East and West.
  SAIC-GM-Wuling Baojun Base Liudong New District, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China Baojun models
Engines
2012  
  SAIC-GM-Wuling Chongqing Branch Chongqing China Wuling models
Engines
2014  
  SAIC-GM-Wuling Qingdao Branch Qingdao, Shandong China Wuling models
Engines
2000   Operated by SAIC-GM-Wuling. Originally founded in 1997 as Etsong Vehicle Manufacturing. SAIC-GM-Wuling took over the plant in 2005.
  SGMW Motor Indonesia Cikarang, Bekasi Regency, West Java Indonesia MG4 EV
MG ZS EV
Wuling Air EV
Wuling Almaz
Wuling Alvez
Wuling Binguo EV
Wuling Cloud EV
Wuling Confero
Wuling Cortez
Wuling Formo
2017   100% owned and operated by SAIC-GM-Wuling. Since 2011, SAIC-GM-Wuling is owned 50.1% by SAIC, 44% by GM China, & 5.9% by Liuzhou Wuling Automobile Industry Co., Ltd.

Past models: Chevrolet Captiva

Sold/co-operated factories

VIN Name City/State Country Products Opened Idled Comments
H AM General Commercial plant Mishawaka, Indiana United States Hummer H2 2002 2009 Located at 12900 McKinley Highway. Built under contract to GM by AM General.
E AM General Military plant Mishawaka, Indiana United States Hummer H1 1992 2006 Located at 13200 McKinley Highway. Built under contract to GM by AM General.
  Associated Motor Industries Ltd. Jurong (Jurong Industrial Estate) Singapore Chevrolet Impala
Chevrolet 350
Vauxhall including:
Victor
Viva
VX4/90
1968 1975 Jointly owned by Wearne Brothers Limited & Motor Investments Bhd. Associated Motor Industries Ltd. assembled vehicles under license from GM beginning in 1968 as well as brands from other automakers (Austin, Morris, & Renault).
  Associated Motor Industries Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. Batu Tiga, Selangor Malaysia Holden
1968 1971 (?) Associated Motor Industries Malaysia assembled Holden vehicles under license from GM beginning in 1968 as well as brands from other automakers.
C Automobilwerk Eisenach (AWE) Eisenach Germany Opel Vectra A
1990 1991 The old Wartburg plant built vehicles for Opel for a short time before closing permanently.
  Avtotor Kaliningrad Russia Chevrolet Aveo, Chevrolet Captiva, Chevrolet Epica, Chevrolet Lacetti, Chevrolet Malibu, Chevrolet Orlando, Chevrolet Rezzo, Chevrolet Tahoe, Chevrolet Trailblazer, Cadillac BLS, Cadillac CTS, Cadillac Escalade, Cadillac SRX, Cadillac STS, Hummer H2, Hummer H3, Opel Antara, Opel Astra, Opel Insignia, Opel Mokka, Opel Meriva, Opel Zafira 2004 2015 Built under contract by Avtotor for GM. GM ended the contract in 2015.
  Aymesa Quito Ecuador 1973 1999 (Last GM production) First automotive assembler in Ecuador. GM bought 36.95% of AYMESA in 1982 & increased its stake to 45.9% in 1984. GM sold off its stake in 1999.
  Azermash CP LLC Hajiqabul Azerbaijan Chevrolet Cobalt, Chevrolet Lacetti, Chevrolet Malibu, Chevrolet Nexia (T250), Chevrolet Tracker, Chevrolet Damas/Labo 2017 Built under contract by Azermash CP LLC for GM & UzAuto Motors.
  Azia Avto Ust-Kamenogorsk Kazakhstan Chevrolet Aveo, Chevrolet Captiva, Chevrolet Cruze, Chevrolet Epica, Chevrolet Lacetti, Chevrolet Malibu, Chevrolet Orlando, Chevrolet Tracker 2007 2018 Built under contract by Azia Avto for GM.
  Bangchan General Assembly Co., Ltd. Khan Na Yao district, Bangkok Thailand Opel Kadett
Opel Rekord
Holden Monaro LS
Chevrolet De Ville
1970 1987 (?) Isuzu invested in Bangchan in 1979 but then sold its stake to Honda in 1987. Phra Nakorn Automobile Group became sole owner of Bangchan in 2005.
B Gruppo Bertone Grugliasco Italy Opel Kadett E convertible
Opel Astra F convertible
Opel Astra G coupe & convertible
1987 2006 Built under contract by Gruppo Bertone for Opel/Vauxhall.
  Centroamericana de Ensamblaje y Fabricación (?) Honduras Compadre 1970s (?) A version of GM's BTV called the Compadre was assembled in Honduras.
  Champion Motors Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia Chevrolet Impala
Vauxhall Victor
Vauxhall Viva
Bedford trucks including Bedford TJ
1968 1982 (?) Champion Motors assembled vehicles under license from GM beginning in 1968. Champion Motors was renamed Assembly Services Sdn. Bhd. (ASSB) in 1975. The last products still being built for GM were Bedford trucks. A joint venture of Toyota & UMW called Sejati Motor took over ASSB in 1982 which was then renamed UMW Toyota Motor in 1987.
  Chinese Automobile Co., Ltd. Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City Taiwan Opel Astra F & G
Opel Vectra B
1993 2000 GM ended the assembly contract in 2001.
  ELAZ-GM Yelabuga, Tatarstan Russia Chevrolet Blazer 1996 2001 GM owned about 25% & ELAZ owned the other 75%. Joint venture dissolved in 2001.
  Fábrica Superior de Centroamérica, S.A. (?) El Salvador GM Cherito 1970s (?) A version of GM's BTV called the Cherito was assembled in El Salvador.
P FSO Warsaw Poland Opel Astra[broken anchor]
Opel Vectra
1994 2000 Built by an FSO - GM joint venture operating out of a converted old FSO warehouse.
  FSO Warsaw Poland Chevrolet Aveo 2007 2011 Built by FSO for GM as part of a joint venture between UkrAvto (parent of FSO) & GM. Ukravto owned 60% & GM Daewoo owned 40%. The production license ended in 2011 & was not renewed.
  GAZ Nizhny Novgorod Russia Chevrolet Aveo 2013 2015 Built under contract by GAZ for GM. GM ended the contract in 2015.
  General Assembly Corp. Havana Cuba Opel Olympia Rekord 1950s (?) General Assembly Corp. (a local distributor in Cuba) started assembling Opel Olympia Rekord CKD kits manufactured in Germany in the 1950s.[10]
  Genoto (General Otomotiv Sanayi ve Ticaret AS) Kozyatağı, Istanbul Turkey Bedford trucks including Bedford TK (KG EJR & KBC 10 & 570) 1965 1986 Built Bedford trucks under license from GM, sometimes rebadged as Genoto.
  Ghandhara Industries Karachi, Sindh Pakistan Chevrolet
Vauxhall
Bedford trucks and buses including Bedford TJ
Holden
1953 1970's Originally a GM owned plant (General Motors Overseas Distribution Corporation). Sold to Ghandhara Industries Ltd. in 1963. Nationalized in 1972, it then became National Motors Ltd. Privatized to the Bibojee Group in 1992 who reverted to the previous name, Ghandhara Industries.
  GM-Auto Saint-Petersburg Russia Chevrolet Cruze
Opel Astra

Chevrolet Trailblazer

Chevrolet Captiva
Opel Antara

2007 2015 Includes operations at the temporary "Arsenal plant" & the permanent plant in Shushary. GM ceased most operations in Russia back in 2015 and the GM-Auto plant closed. Sold to Hyundai Motor in 2020.
  GM-AvtoVAZ Tolyatti Russia Chevrolet Niva
Chevrolet Viva
2002 2019 Was originally owned 41.5% by GM, 41.5% by AvtoVAZ, & 17% by EBRD. In 2012, EBRD was bought out & GM-AvtoVAZ became 50/50 owned by GM & AvtoVAZ. The GM-AvtoVAZ joint venture was dissolved in 2019 when AvtoVAZ bought out GM.
4 GM España S.A. Zaragoza Spain Opel/Vauxhall Corsa A, B, C, D, E (5 door, van)
Opel/Vauxhall Meriva A, B
Opel/Vauxhall/Holden Combo C
Opel/Vauxhall Tigra A
Vauxhall Nova
1982 2017 Opel plant. Sold to PSA Group in 2017.
  GM Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. Tampoi, Johor Malaysia Opel Ascona
Opel Commodore
Opel Gemini
Opel Kadett
Opel Manta
Opel Rekord
Bedford Harimau
Holden
1968 1982 Originally Capital Motor Assembly, which assembled Opel models under license from GM beginning in 1968. These license built models include: Opel Commodore A, Opel Kadett B, Opel Rekord C, & components. Capital Motor also assembled cars for Honda and Datsun (Nissan). GM bought Capital Motor Assembly in 1971 and renamed it GM Malaysia. Government policies forced GM to sell GM Malaysia to Oriental Holdings in 1980 which then renamed the unit Oriental Assemblers. Assembly of GM vehicles ended in 1982.
  GM Philippines, Inc. Paco district, Manila Philippines 1953 1985 Originally Yutivo Sons Hardware Co. Yutivo assembled various models under license from GM beginning in 1953. GM bought a 49% stake in Yutivo in 1972 and renamed it GM Philippines. Isuzu invested in the company in 1979 and it was renamed GM Pilipinas, Inc. Assembly of GM vehicles ended in 1985 and GM sold the plant to Isuzu in 1994. Isuzu closed this plant and company in 1995.
G GM Manufacturing Poland Sp. z o.o. Gliwice Poland Opel models 1998 2019 Opel plant. Sold to PSA Group in 2017; continued to supply the Buick Cascada to GM through 2019.
  GM Powertrain Poland Tychy Poland Diesel engines including the Isuzu Circle L engine 1999 2017 Opel plant. Originally founded as Isuzu Motors Polska (ISPOL) in 1996. GM bought 60% in 2002 & the remaining 40% in 2013. Sold to PSA Group along with Opel in 2017.
  GM Uzbekistan/UzAuto Motors Asaka, Andijan Region Uzbekistan Chevrolet Cobalt, Chevrolet Lacetti, Chevrolet Nexia 3, Chevrolet Spark (M300), Chevrolet Tracker (2022-) 1996 Originally established as Uz-DaewooAuto, a 50/50 joint venture between Daewoo Motor & the Uzbek government. Became GM Uzbekistan, a 25/75 joint venture between GM & state owned UzAvtosanoat in 2008. GM was bought out by the UzAvto in 2018 & the company was renamed UzAuto Motors. Vehicles now built under license by UzAuto Motors from GM.
  GM Uzbekistan/UzAuto Motors Pitnak, Khorezm Region Uzbekistan ??? 2014
  GM Uzbekistan/UzAuto Motors Tashkent Uzbekistan ??? 2009
  GM Powertrain Uzbekistan/UzAuto Motors Powertrain Tashkent Uzbekistan 1.2L & 1.5L DOHC I4 engines
1.2L 3-cylinder engine
Engine components
Foundry
2011 GM Powertrain Uzbekistan was a 52/48 joint venture between GM & state owned UzAvtosanoat. UzAvto bought out GM in 2019 and the company was renamed UzAvto Motors Powertrain.
E Heuliez Cerizay France Opel/Vauxhall Tigra TwinTop B
Holden Tigra
2004 2009 Built under contract by Heuliez for Opel/Vauxhall.
  Hindustan Motors Uttarpara, West Bengal India Vauxhall models under Hindustan name including Hindustan Contessa
Bedford models including Bedford TJ
Allison Transmission
Terex
1957 (?) 2004 Built under license by Hindustan Motors.
V IBC Vehicles/GMM Luton[11] Luton United Kingdom Bedford and Vauxhall vehicles 1950 (as AA Block of Luton plant) 2017 Vauxhall plant. Sold to PSA Group in 2017.
  IDA-Opel Kikinda, Socialist Republic of Serbia Yugoslavia Opel Ascona C
Opel Corsa A
Opel Kadett D & E
Opel Kikinda (Senator A)
Opel Omega A
Opel Rekord E
Opel Vectra A
1977 1992 Opel affiliate. A joint venture owned 49% by GM & 51% by Kikinda Iron Foundry. Ended by the wars of the breakup of Yugoslavia.
  INDEVESA, S.A. (?) Nicaragua Pinolero 1970s (?) The Nicaraguan state-owned company produced a version of GM's BTV called the Pinolero.
  Industrias Superior (?) Guatemala GM Chato 1970s (?) A version of GM's BTV called the Chato was assembled in Guatemala.
7,8 Isuzu Fujisawa plant Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan Buick Opel
Chevrolet LUV
Chevrolet Spectrum
Chevrolet W-Series
Geo Spectrum
Geo Storm
GMC W-Series
Chevrolet Low Cab Forward 4500 & 5500 diesel
Isuzu F-Series
Isuzu I-Mark
Isuzu Impulse
Isuzu N-Series
Isuzu Stylus
1961   Isuzu manufacturing facility
3 Isuzu Kawasaki plant Kawasaki, Kanagawa Japan Isuzu F-Series 1938   Isuzu plant
9 KUKA Livonia, Michigan United States BrightDrop Zevo 600 2021 2022 Produced under contract for GM in a limited run of less than 500 units. A temporary measure until GM's CAMI plant is ready to start building BrightDrop electric vans.
H (Lotus models)
N (Speedster &
VX220)
Lotus Cars RAF Hethel United Kingdom Opel Speedster/Vauxhall VX220

Opel Lotus Omega A / Vauxhall Lotus Carlton 1990-1992, 950 units

Lotus Esprit, Lotus Elan, Lotus Elise

1986 1993 GM owned Lotus from 1986 to 1993.
6 Magna Steyr Graz Austria Saab 9-3 Convertible 2003 2009 Built under contract by Magna Steyr for Saab.
  Mercury Marine Stillwater, Oklahoma United States LT5 DOHC V8 engine (C4 Corvette ZR-1) 1989 1993 Engine was built for GM by Mercury Marine. Located at 3003 N Perkins Rd. Closed in 2011. Sold in 2012 to Asco Industries.
H Navistar - Springfield Assembly Plant (Main Line) Springfield, Ohio United States Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty
International CV
2019 Located at 6125 Urbana Road. Jointly developed by GM & Navistar. Built under contract by Navistar for GM.
N Navistar - Springfield Assembly Plant (Secondary Line) Springfield, Ohio United States Chevrolet Express cutaway,
GMC Savana cutaway
2017 Located at 6125 Urbana Road. Built under contract by Navistar for GM.
  Neal and Massy Industries Ltd. Morvant
later moved to
Arima
Trinidad and Tobago Holden Commodore
Holden Kingswood
Chevrolet Caprice (Statesman DeVille)
Opel Rekord
Vauxhall Cresta
Vauxhall Victor
Vauxhall Viva
Bedford trucks
1966 1994 (Production for GM may have ended earlier) Built under license by Neal and Massy for GM. Assembly operation closed in 1994.
  Nexus Automotive Port Qasim, Karachi, Sindh Pakistan Chevrolet Joy 2005 2009 Built under license for Nexus Automotive by Ghandhara Nissan at a plant with spare capacity.
K Nissan Mexicana Cuernavaca Mexico Chevrolet City Express
Nissan NV200
2015 2018 Nissan plant.

Chevrolet City Express discontinued after 2018.

  Nissan Motor Ibérica Barcelona Spain Opel Vivaro A (high roof versions only)
Renault Trafic (high roof versions only)
Nissan Primastar (high roof versions only)
  2015 This is a Nissan plant that built vans for Opel/Vauxhall as part of a supply deal between GM Europe & Renault. Van production ended in 2015 and was moved to Renault's plant in Sandouville, France. Nissan closed this plant in Dec. 2021.
Z NUMMI Fremont, California United States Chevrolet Nova (1985-88)
Geo Prizm
Chevrolet Prizm
Pontiac Vibe
Toyota Corolla FX (1987-1988)
Toyota Corolla (1989-2010)
Toyota Pickup (1991-1995)
Toyota Tacoma (1995-2010)
Toyota Voltz
1984 2009 Located at 45500 Fremont Blvd.
Operated from 1963 to 1982 as a GM factory.
From 1984 to 2010, operated as New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI), which was a 50/50 joint venture between GM and Toyota and assembled both GM and Toyota vehicles.
Sold to Tesla Motors in May 2010.[12]
6 Opel Eisenach GmbH Eisenach Germany Opel/Vauxhall Corsa E (3-door)
Opel/Vauxhall Corsa D (3-door)
Opel/Vauxhall Corsa C (3-door)
Opel/Vauxhall Corsa B
Opel/Vauxhall Adam
Opel Astra F
1992 2017 Opel plant. Sold to PSA Group in 2017.
  Opel Werk Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany components
engines: four-cylinder turbo diesel engines:
2.0 turbodiesel 4-cyl.
1.9 turbodiesel 4-cyl.

four-cylinder petrol engines:
GM Ecotec engine 2.2
GM Family II engine 1.6, 2.0
GM Ecotec engine 2.0 supercharged (LSJ)

1966 2017 Opel plant. Sold to PSA Group in 2017.
1
R (Catera)
5 (Pre-1976)
Opel Werk Rüsselsheim Rüsselsheim Germany Opel/Vauxhall Insignia (sedan, hatchback, Sports Tourer, Country Tourer)
Buick Regal
Holden Commodore ZB
Opel/Vauxhall Astra J (5-door)
Opel/Vauxhall Zafira Tourer C
Opel/Vauxhall Vectra
Opel/Vauxhall Signum
Opel/Vauxhall Omega
Cadillac Catera
Opel/Vauxhall Senator & Vauxhall Royale
Opel Monza/Vauxhall Royale Coupe
Opel Commodore/Vauxhall Viceroy
Opel Kapitan
Opel Admiral
Opel Diplomat
Opel Kadett
Opel Olympia
Opel/Vauxhall/Holden Calibra
axles
components
GM F40 transmission
Frigidaire refrigerators (1937-c.1940 & 1946-1959)
1898 2020 Opel plant. Used to make engines. Sold to PSA Group in 2017. Rüsselsheim continued to supply the Buick Regal & the Holden Commodore ZB to GM through 2020.
S Opel Szentgotthárd Szentgotthárd Hungary Opel Astra F 1991-1997, 80,835 units
Opel Vectra B1 and B2 1998-1999, 4,404 units
Opel Engines including GM Family 1 engine
GM Medium Diesel engine
GM Medium Gasoline Engine
"VTi" CVT transmission
Allison 3000, 4000, & Torqmatic Series automatic transmissions
1992 2019 Opel plant. Production of Allison Transmissions began in 2000. Sold to PSA Group in 2017. Szentgotthárd continued to supply the 1.6L LH7 turbodiesel I4 to GM through 2019.
  Opel Wien GmbH Aspern Austria Family 0 engines (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.4 Turbo)
Transmissions (Easytronic, five-and six-speed manual)
1982 2017 Opel plant. Sold to PSA Group in 2017.
Past engines: GM Family 1 engine SOHC versions.
  PT. Pantja Motor Sunter, North Jakarta, Jakarta Indonesia Chevrolet Tavera 2001 2005 Isuzu's Indonesian assembler, now known as Isuzu Astra Motor Indonesia. Built the Isuzu Panther-based Tavera for GM Indonesia.
  Pininfarina Grugliasco Italy Cadillac Eldorado Brougham (Series 6900) painted bodies 1959 1960 Bodies were built by Pininfarina and mated with chassis shipped to Italy by Cadillac and then shipped back to the US.
  Pininfarina San Giorgio Canavese Italy Cadillac Allanté painted bodies 1987 1993 Bodies were designed and supplied under contract by Pininfarina for Cadillac. Plant was built specially for the Allanté.
  Pragoti Industries Ltd. Sitakunda, Chittagong Division Bangladesh Vauxhall Viva
Bedford trucks and buses
1966 1970's Began as part of Ghandhara Industries Ltd. in 1966 when Bangladesh was still East Pakistan and assembled GM vehicles like the Ghandhara plant in Karachi did. After Bangladesh became independent, the operation was nationalized by the new government and became Pragoti Industries Ltd.
B (GM) Renault Batilly Batilly France Opel Arena
Renault Trafic
Opel Movano A
Opel Movano B
Renault Master
Renault Trucks Mascott
Nissan Interstar
Nissan NV400
  2017 Renault-SOVAB plant
  Renault Sandouville Sandouville France Opel/Vauxhall Vivaro B (high roof versions only)
Renault Trafic
Nissan NV300
Nissan Primastar
Fiat Talento
  2017 Renault plant
  Renault Santa Isabel Santa Isabel, Cordoba Argentina Chevrolet C-20 & D-20
Chevrolet Grand Blazer
Chevrolet Silverado
Chevrolet Trafic/SpaceVan
1991 2002 Renault Argentina-CIADEA plant. Built Chevrolets under license for GM.
  Saab Gothenburg Transmission Gothenburg Sweden Saab two-stroke
F35 transmission
GM F40 transmission
1953 2009 Saab plant. Engine production ended in 1968.

GM bought 50% of Saab Automobile in 1989 & the other 50% in 2000. Transmission production ended when the 1st gen. 9-5 ended production. GM sold Saab Automobile sold to Spyker Cars in February, 2010.

  Saab Sodertalje Engine Sodertalje Sweden Saab B engine
Saab H engine
1972 2007 Saab plant.

GM bought 50% of Saab Automobile in 1989 & the other 50% in 2000. Engine plant sold to Scania AB in 2007. GM sold Saab Automobile sold to Spyker Cars in February, 2010.

1,2,3,4,8 Saab Trollhättan Assembly Trollhättan Sweden Saab 92
Saab 93
Saab 95
Saab 96
Saab 99
Saab 900
Saab 9000
Saab 9-3
Saab 9-5
Cadillac BLS
1947 2010 Saab plant. Also did engine (Saab two-stroke) & transmission production until 1953 when it was relocated to the Gothenburg plant.

GM bought 50% of Saab Automobile in 1989 & the other 50% in 2000. GM sold Saab Automobile sold to Spyker Cars in February, 2010.

  SaryarkaAvtoProm Kostanay Kazakhstan Chevrolet Cobalt, Chevrolet Malibu, Chevrolet Nexia, Chevrolet Tracker 2017 Built under contract by SaryarkaAvtoProm for GM & UzAuto Motors.

Past models: Chevrolet Niva, Damas/Labo, Ravon Nexia R3

  Sevel Argentina Estación Ferreyra, Córdoba, Cordoba Argentina Chevrolet C-20/D-20 1985 1991 Fiat - PSA jointly owned plant. Built Chevrolets under license for GM.
  GM Strasbourg Strasbourg France 6L45/6L50 6-speed RWD automatic transmissions 1967   Past products: 5L40, 4L30, TH180/3L30 RWD automatic transmissions

Also supplied 4-, 5-, & 6-speed RWD auto. transmissions to BMW.
Also supplied 3-speed RWD auto. transmissions to Fiat, Peugeot, & Rover.

Sold to Punch Powerglide in 2013.[13] Continues to make components for ZF Friedrichshafen.

G,H (Saab) Subaru Main Plant Ōta, Gunma Japan Saab 9-2X
Chevrolet Forester (India)
    Subaru plant
W (GM),
4 (Suzuki)
Suzuki Iwata Assembly Iwata, Shizuoka Japan Geo Tracker
Suzuki Sidekick
Suzuki Grand Vitara
Suzuki XL-7
    Suzuki plant
K (GM),
5 (Suzuki)
Suzuki Kosai Assembly Kosai, Shizuoka Japan Chevrolet Sprint
Geo Metro
Suzuki Swift
Chevrolet/Holden Cruze (YGM1)
    Suzuki plant
M (GM),
0 (Suzuki/Fiat/Subaru)
Magyar Suzuki Corporation Esztergom Hungary Opel/Vauxhall Agila B
Suzuki Splash
Suzuki Swift
Subaru Justy
Suzuki SX4
Fiat Sedici
Suzuki Ignis
Subaru G3X Justy
1992 2014 (GM prod.) Suzuki plant
  Suzuki Sagara Assembly & Engine Makinohara, Shizuoka Prefecture Japan Chevrolet MW
2000 2010 Suzuki plant.
Also built the 3.6-liter GM High Feature V6 engine (Suzuki N36A) to power the 2nd generation Suzuki XL7 under license from GM. (Note: Dates reflect beginning & end dates of production for GM.)
  Tecna SA Arica Chile Acadian
Acadian Beaumont (1966-71 from CKD kits supplied by GM Oshawa and Willow Run)
Vauxhall Victor
1962 1971
  Tecno S.A. Uruca, San José Costa Rica GM Amigo 1970s (?) A version of GM's BTV called the Amigo was assembled in Costa Rica.
H General Motors Thailand Ltd. Pluak Daeng, Rayong province Thailand Chevrolet/Holden Colorado & Holden Rodeo
Chevrolet/Holden Trailblazer & Holden Colorado 7
Chevrolet Cruze
Chevrolet Optra
Chevrolet Aveo
Chevrolet/Holden Captiva
2000   Past Models: Opel/Vauxhall/Chevrolet/Holden Zafira, Subaru Traviq, Isuzu D-Max, Alfa Romeo 156 [1][permanent dead link]
Sold to Great Wall Motors in 2020.[14]
  General Motors Powertrain (Thailand) Ltd. Pluak Daeng, Rayong province Thailand 2.5L (R 425 DOHC) & 2.8L (R 428 DOHC & A 428 DOHC) turbodiesel I4 engines 2011   Sold to Great Wall Motors in 2020.[15]
9 (GM),
6 (Fiat & Ram)
Tofaş Bursa Turkey Opel/Vauxhall Combo D
Fiat Doblo
Ram ProMaster City
2011 2017 Fiat plant (joint venture with Koç Holding of Turkey).
  PT. Udatin (Usaha Dagang Teknik Indonesia) Surabaya, East Java Indonesia Holden vehicles
GMC trucks
1959 1988
  Unison Minsk Belarus Chevrolet Tahoe K2XX, Chevrolet Tracker, Cadillac Escalade K2XX, Opel Mokka 2015 2018 Built under contract by Unison for GM. Production ended in 2018.
6,7 (Saab)
9 (Opel/Vauxhall)
Valmet Automotive Uusikaupunki Finland Saab 9-3 Convertible & 9-3 Viggen
Saab 900
Opel/Vauxhall Calibra
1969 2003 Built under contract by Valmet Automotive for Saab & for Opel/Vauxhall.
8 (since 1993)
E (before 1993)
Vauxhall Ellesmere Port Ellesmere Port United Kingdom Opel/Vauxhall Astra K (5-door, Sports Tourer)
Opel/Vauxhall Astra J (5-door, Sports Tourer)
Opel/Vauxhall Astra H
Opel/Vauxhall Astra G
Opel/Vauxhall Astra F
Opel Kadett E/Vauxhall Astra Mk II
Vauxhall Belmont
Opel Kadett Combo/Bedford Astravan & Astramax
Vauxhall Astra Mk I
Vauxhall Chevette
Bedford Chevanne
Vauxhall Firenza
Vauxhall Magnum
Opel/Vauxhall Vectra C
Opel/Vauxhall Vectra B
Vauxhall Viva
General Motors 54° V6 engine
1962 2017 Vauxhall plant.
Also made engines, transmissions, axles, & other components. Engine production ended in 2004. Sold to PSA Group in 2017.
  GM Vietnam Hanoi Vietnam Chevrolet Aveo
Chevrolet Captiva
Chevrolet Cruze
Chevrolet Lacetti
Chevrolet Spark Lite
Chevrolet Spark
Chevrolet Orlando
Chevrolet Vivant
Daewoo Cielo
Daewoo Lacetti
Daewoo Lanos
Daewoo Leganza
Daewoo Magnus
Daewoo Matiz
Daewoo Nubira
1995 2018 Originally established as VIDAMCO (a joint venture with a state owned co.) in 1993 by Daewoo Motor Co. Daewoo bought out its Vietnamese partner in April 2000, making VIDAMCO 100% owned by Daewoo Motor Co. Bought by GM in 2002 as part of the creation of GM Daewoo Auto & Technology Co. Sold to VinFast in 2018. VinFast Fadil produced under license from GM; is a rebadged Chevrolet Spark (M400)/Opel Karl.
  Yulon GM Miaoli Taiwan Buick Excelle
Buick LaCrosse
2006 2012 A joint venture owned 49% by GM & 51% by Yulon. Yulon bought GM's stake in the venture in Dec. 2008. Production continued after the sale through licensing but cooperation between GM & Yulon ended in 2012.
X ZAZ Zaporizhia & Illichivsk Ukraine Chevrolet Aveo, Chevrolet Lacetti, Chevrolet Lanos, Opel Astra Classic, Opel Astra, Opel Corsa, Opel Combo, Opel Meriva, Opel Vectra, Opel Zafira 2003 2012 Built under contract by ZAZ for GM.

Former factories

VIN Name City/State Country Products Opened Idled Comments
  AC Rochester Sioux City, Iowa United States Throttle Body Fuel Injection Systems 1981 1993 Formerly a Zenith Radio Factory.
  AC Rochester Wichita Falls, Texas United States AC Air Filters 1972 2008 Transferred to Delphi Automotive Systems in 1999. Closed by Delphi in 2008.
  ACDelco Flint, Michigan United States AC Spark Plugs 1912 1976 Located on Industrial Ave. Production moved to Flint East complex.
  Allison Transmission Indianapolis, Indiana United States Allison transmissions 1915 2007 Located at 4700 W. 10th St. GM sold Allison Transmission in 2007 to a private equity firm.
  Cadillac Amsterdam Street plant Detroit, Michigan United States Cadillacs 1903 1920 Cadillac's first volume production plant. Located at 450 Amsterdam Street. Rebuilt in 1904 after a fire destroyed the original plant; replaced by the Clark Street plant in 1921.
5 (Plant 2)

6 (Plant 1)

9 (Pre-1976)
Antwerp Antwerp Belgium Opel Astra/Vauxhall Astra 1925 2010 Originally known as GM Continental SA, then as Opel Antwerp from 1994 to 2004, and GM Belgium from 2004 on.
  GM Colmotores Bogotá Colombia Products from GM do Brasil: Chevrolet Joy


Products from Isuzu: Chevrolet F-Series Bus, Chevrolet F-Series truck, Chevrolet N-Series Bus, Chevrolet N-Series truck, Chevrolet LV-series Bus

1979   Founded in 1956 as Colmotores, acquired by GM in 1979. Closed in 2024.[16]
  GM-OBB Quito Ecuador Chevrolet D-Max 2011 1980 (1st GM product)   GM bought 22% of OBB in 1981 & became majority shareholder in 1988. Closed in 2024, see above.
  General Motors de Argentina San Telmo and Barracas in Buenos Aires & San Martin Argentina Chevrolet cars and trucks
Oldsmobile
Opel K 180
Bedford TJ
Chevrolet 153 4-cylinder
Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift engine
Bedford diesel engines
1925 (San Telmo)
1928 (Barracas)
1940 (San Martin)
1978 (San Martin) Other GM brands manufactured included GMC, Opel, and Bedford trucks along with Pontiac, Oakland, Marquette, Buick, LaSalle, Cadillac, Opel, and Vauxhall passenger cars.[17] Also Frigidaire refrigerators.
3 (since 1993)
A (before 1993)
Azambuja Azambuja Portugal Opel Kadett Combo A/Bedford & Vauxhall Astravan & Astramax
Opel/Vauxhall/Holden Combo B
Opel/Vauxhall/Holden Combo C
1963 2006 Produced various Opel, Vauxhall, and Bedford models.
B Baltimore Assembly Baltimore, Maryland United States Chevrolet Astro
GMC Safari
1935 2005 Located at 2122 Broening Highway. Now the Chesapeake Commerce Center and an Amazon distribution center.
  Baltimore Transmission White Marsh, Maryland United States Allison 1000 Series transmissions
Hybrid 2-mode transmissions (2ML70)
Electric motor (MME) & final-drive unit (1ET35) for Chevy Spark EV
Torque converters
2000 2019[18] Located at 10301 Philadelphia Road. Originally part of Allison Transmission; became a GM Powertrain facility in 2004. Name changed to Baltimore Operations in 2012 with the addition of the Electric Motor Plant built next to the existing Transmission Plant.
T Bedford Dunstable plant Dunstable United Kingdom Bedford trucks 1942 1992 GM sold the Bedford heavy truck business to AWD Trucks in 1987. AWD Trucks went bankrupt in 1992.
  Bombay Bombay, Maharashtra India Chevrolet cars, trucks, & buses 1928 1954 The first automobile assembly plant in India.
  Buffalo Assembly/
Buffalo Gear & Axle
Buffalo, New York United States Chevrolet vehicles
Axles, drivetrain components
1923 1994 Located at 1001 E. Delavan Ave. Built cars until World War II and was then converted to make axles; renamed Saginaw Gear and Axle in 1984. Sold to American Axle in 1994.
H Buick City Flint, Michigan United States Buick LeSabre
Oldsmobile 88 (1987-1995)
Pontiac Bonneville (1996-1999)
1904 1999
  Cadillac Stamping Detroit, Michigan United States Stamped body parts for Cadillac 1956 1987 Located at 9501 Conner St.
  Chevrolet Gear & Axle Detroit, Michigan United States Axles, gears, other components 1919 1994 Located at 1840 Holbrook Ave. Absorbed the former Northway engine plant on Holbrook Ave. in 1926 when Northway was liquidated. Straddles the border of Detroit and Hamtramck, Michigan. Sold to American Axle & Manufacturing Inc. in 1994.
  Fisher Body - Chicago Metal Fabrication Willow Springs, Illinois United States Stampings (such as floorpans) for GM vehicles 1953 1989 Located at 79th Street and Willow Springs Road. Buick produced J65-B-3 jet engines here for the Republic F-84F Thunderstreak/RF84-F Thunderflash for use in the Korean War.
  General Motors de Chile Arica Chile Chevrolet LUV
Chevrolet LUV (TF)
Chevrolet Grand LUV (TF)
Chevrolet D-Max
1974 2008
  Danville Foundry Danville, Illinois United States 1943 1995 Iron castings. Was part of GM's Central Foundry Division. Leased by Defense Plant Corporation to pour castings for military equipment during World War II. Also supplied castings to Ford, Chrysler, and AMC.  
  Delco Chassis Livonia, Michigan United States Bumpers 1953 1998 Located at 12950 and 13000 Eckles Road. Buildings demolished in 2001 and redeveloped into multi-tenant commercial use.
  Delco Moraine NDH (NDH=New Departure Hyatt) Dayton, Ohio (Needmore Rd.) United States Brake system components 1999 Located at 3100 Needmore Road. Spun off with Delphi in 1999. Closed by Delphi in 2008.
  Delco Moraine NDH (NDH=New Departure Hyatt) Dayton, Ohio (Wisconsin Blvd.) United States Engine bearings
Brake system components
1936 2003 Located at 1420 Wisconsin Boulevard.
  Delco Moraine NDH (NDH=New Departure Hyatt) Sandusky, Ohio United States Wheel bearings and bearing assemblies 1946 1999 Located at 2509 Hayes Ave.
  Delco Products Kettering, Ohio United States Shock absorbers, struts, impact absorbers, electric motors, windshield wiper assemblies 1957 1999 Located at 2555 Woodman Dr. Spun off with Delphi Automotive Systems in 1999.
  Delco Remy Anderson, Indiana United States Starters, generators, ignition components, switches 1906 1994 / 1999 Heavy Duty products spun off as Delco Remy International in 1994. Ignition (Plant 20) and Generator (Plant 11) products along with the Engineering Center (Plant 18) transferred to Delphi Automotive Systems in 1999.
  Delco Remy Muncie, Indiana United States Batteries 1908 1994 Located on West Willard Street.
9 (1979-1988)

Q (1971-1978)
Detroit Assembly (Cadillac Clark Street plant) Detroit, Michigan United States Cadillacs
Cadillac engines
1921 1987 Located at 2860 Clark St. Factory closed December 1987, chrome plating operation closed in March 1993, engineering building (including tool room) closed in March 1994.
  Fleetwood - Detroit Body Assembly (Fisher Body No. 18) Detroit, Michigan United States Bodies for Cadillac & LaSalle 1917 1987 Originally built to build aircraft for World War I. Taken over by Fisher Body in 1919. Also known as Fisher Body Plant #18. Located at 261 West End Ave.
  Detroit Forge Detroit, Michigan United States Forged metal components c.1919 1994 Located at 8435 St Aubin St. Straddles the border of Detroit and Hamtramck. Sold to American Axle & Manufacturing Inc. in 1994.
3 Chevrolet-Detroit Truck & Bus Plant Detroit, Michigan United States Chevrolet Step-Van
GMC Value-Van
Chevrolet & GMC P-Series motorhome & commercial chassis
Chevrolet Van G30 HD/ GMC Vandura G3500 HD cutaway
1974 1999 Located at 601 Piquette Ave. in Detroit. Formerly Fisher Body No. 23.
Detroit Transmission Livonia, Michigan United States Hydramatic automatic transmissions 1953 Factory burned down in August 1953. Salvaged equipment was moved to Willow Run Transmission.
5
C
General Motors Diesel London, Ontario Canada EMD Locomotives
New Look bus
Terex earthmovers
Military vehicles
1950 1979 Located at 2021 Oxford St. E.
3
M
General Motors Diesel Division Saint-Eustache Bus Plant Saint-Eustache, Quebec Canada GMC New Look bus
Classic bus
1979 1987 Manufactures transit buses. Sold to Motor Coach Industries, along with the designs for the bus models this factory produced, in 1987.
General Motors Diesel Division Saint Laurent Bus Plant Saint Laurent, Quebec Canada GM New Look bus 1974 1979 Bus operations moved to Saint-Eustache, Quebec.
D (1965-2009)

C (1964)
Doraville Assembly Doraville, Georgia United States Buick Terraza
Chevrolet Uplander
Pontiac Montana SV6
Saturn Relay
1947 2008 Located at 3900 Motors Industrial Way.
  General Motors East Africa Nairobi Kenya Isuzu F-Series
Isuzu N-Series
Isuzu buses

1977 2017
  Electro-Motive Division - La Grange Operations McCook, Illinois United States Locomotives
Engines
Components
1936 Located at 9301 W. 55th St.
Electro-Motive headquarters and R&D operations. Locomotive production ended in 1991 and was moved to London, ON, Canada.
X Fairfax Assembly (Fairfax I) Kansas City, Kansas United States Full-size Chevrolet, Pontiac, Oldsmobile, and Buick cars 1946 1987 Located at 100 Kindelberger Road. Production moved to new building on adjacent site (Fairfax II) for 1988 model year production.
  Fisher Body No. 12 Detroit, Michigan United States 1916 1942 Located at 1961 E. Milwaukee Ave.
  Fisher Body No. 21 Detroit, Michigan United States Bodies for Buick & Cadillac
Engineering and Tool & Die operations
Bodies for Cadillac limousines
1919 1984 Located at 700 Piquette Ave. Produced parts for B-25 bombers in World War II.
  Fisher Body No. 23/23B Detroit, Michigan United States Stamping plant through 1972. 1921 1972 Located at 601 Piquette Ave.
  Fisher Body No. 37 Detroit, Michigan United States Large bodyside stampings 1919 1985 Located at 950 E Milwaukee Ave. Produced aircraft and tank assemblies, 90 mm AA guns, 5” naval gun housings and Lockheed missile parts during World War II.
  Flint Body Assembly Detroit, Michigan United States Bodies for Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, & Oldsmobile
1923 1987 Located at 4000-4500 S. Saginaw St. Originally a Durant Motors plant. Bought by GM in 1925 and became Fisher Body Plant No. 1 - Flint.
  Chevrolet-Flint (V8) Engine Plant (Van Slyke Road) Flint, Michigan United States Chevrolet small-block V8
Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift I6
Chevrolet 153 4-cylinder engine
Isuzu G140 & G161Z 4-cylinder engine
1954 1999 Located at 3848 Van Slyke Road. Only V8 engines were made until 1961, when 4- and 6-cylinder engines began to be made for the 1962 Chevy II.
  Chevrolet-Flint Manufacturing Complex
Flint West
Flint, Michigan United States Chevrolet vehicles
Chevrolet engines including Chevrolet Stovebolt / Blue Flame I6
1913 2004 Located at 300 N. Chevrolet Ave. (formerly known as Wilcox Street). The complex originally included metal stamping, body assembly, vehicle assembly, engine assembly, and various component manufacturing plants.
  Flint North Powertrain Flint, Michigan United States Buick V8 engine
Buick V6 engine
1905 2010 Complex was made up of several factories. Factory 36 was the engine plant. Factory 36 opened in 1952 and closed in 2008. The remainder of the complex closed by December 2010.
  Flint East Flint, Michigan United States components (spark plugs, dashboard components such as instrument clusters, fuel system components, air/oil/fuel filters, and fuel pumps) 1925 1999 Located at 1300 North Dort Highway. Spun off with Delphi Corporation in 1999.
Fort Worth Assembly Fort Worth, TX United States Chevrolet Series 490
Chevrolet Series F
1917 1924 closed due to flood damage[19]
G Framingham Assembly Framingham, Massachusetts United States A-body mid-size cars 1948 1989 Located at 63 Western Ave.
  General Motors France S.A. Gennevilliers France Chevrolet
Buick
1939 1940 Operations interrupted by German invasion of France and seizure of the plant in 1940 during WWII.
Z (1965-1982)

H (1963-1964 Chevrolet)

F (1964 Pontiac and Oldsmobile)

3 (1964 Buick)
Fremont Assembly Fremont, California United States Mid-size cars
Full-size trucks and SUVs
1963 1982 Located at 45500 Fremont Blvd.
Later became New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI).
  General Motors Gmbh Berlin Germany Chevrolet
Pontiac
Oakland
Oldsmobile
Buick
Cadillac
1927 1932 Replaced Hamburg plant. Located in Borsigwalde area of Berlin. Also predates the acquisition of Opel by GM.
  General Motors Gmbh Hamburg Germany Chevrolet trucks 1926 1927 GM's first German plant predating the acquisition of Opel. Located in a leased warehouse.
  General Motors Ltd. Hendon, England United Kingdom Chevrolet 1924 1930 GM's first British plant predating the acquisition of Vauxhall. Operated out of a leased plant.
  General Motors Ltd. Southampton, England United Kingdom Chevrolet 1938 1946 Operations interrupted by German bombing of the UK during WWII.
  GM Powertrain Fredericksburg Fredericksburg, Virginia United States Torque converter clutches for automatic transmissions 1979 2010 Located at 11032 Tidewater Trail. Originally part of Delco Moraine Division, which bought the plant in 1978 from American Poclain. Moved to GM Powertrain division in 1993.
  Grand Blanc Metal Center Grand Blanc, Michigan United States Metal stampings and metal fabrication of body components, Tooling jigs-and-fixtures 1942 2013 Located at 10800 S. Saginaw St. Built M4 Sherman and M26 Pershing tanks during WWII and M48 Patton tanks beginning in 1952. Buick used it as a warehouse from 1947 until Fisher Body bought it in 1951. Converted in 1955 into an automotive body metal fabricating plant. Became part of GM's Metal Fabricating Division in 1994 and became Grand Blanc Weld Tool Center in 2002.
  Grand Rapids Metal Center Wyoming, Michigan United States   1936 2009 Located at 300 36th Street SW. Metal fabricating plant. Demolished.
  Guide Headlamp Division Anderson, Indiana United States Headlamp, Taillamp assemblies 1929 1998
H Halol Gujarat India Chevrolet Sail U-VA (hatchback)
Chevrolet Sail (sedan)
Chevrolet Cruze
Chevrolet Tavera
1995 2017 The new GM India began as a 50/50 joint venture with Hindustan Motors in 1994. Sold to SAIC to produce MG Motor India vehicles in 2017.
  Fisher Body - Hamilton-Fairfield Stamping Plant Hamilton, Ohio United States Stampings and bodies for GM vehicles 1947 1988 Located at 4400 Dixie Highway. Now the Fisher Industrial Park.
  Harrison Radiator Division - Moraine Moraine, Ohio United States Machining and assembly of automotive A/C compressors, valves, and accumulator dehydrators 1941 1999 Located at 3600 Dryden Road. Originally built for Frigidaire. In 1975, automotive and appliance operations were split with the automotive operations becoming Delco Air Conditioning Division. Spun off with Delphi Automotive Systems in 1999.
  Holden Acacia Ridge Plant Acacia Ridge, Queensland Australia Holden models 1966 1984 Holden plant.
  Holden Birkenhead Plant Birkenhead, South Australia Australia Chevrolet
Pontiac
Oakland
Oldsmobile
Buick
Cadillac
GMC
Vauxhall
Bedford
Holden
1926 1981 Holden plant.
  Holden Dandenong Plant Dandenong, Victoria Australia Holden models
Toyota Corolla (E90)
Bedford by Isuzu and Isuzu trucks
Body making
Torque converters & other components
1956 1996 Holden plant. Also assembled Chevrolet trucks, Bedford vans & trucks and Frigidaire appliances. Vehicle production by Holden ceased in 1989, vehicle production by Toyota for itself and for Holden lasted from 1989 to 1994 under a plant lease agreement. Minor assembly until 1996.
L Holden Elizabeth Plant Elizabeth, South Australia Australia Holden Berlina
Holden Calais
Holden Caprice
Holden Commodore
Holden Ute
Holden Statesman
Vauxhall VXR8
Chevrolet SS
Chevrolet Caprice PPV
1959 2017 Holden manufacturing plant.
  Holden Fishermans Bend Plant (Port Melbourne) Port Melbourne, Victoria Australia Holden Alloytec V6 engine
Buick V6
GM Family II I4 engine
Holden V8 engine
Holden Starfire I4
Holden straight-six motor
Manual transmissions
Holden Banjo/Salisbury differentials
Axles
Stampings
Components
Foundry
1936 2016 Headquarters of GM Holden Ltd.
Holden's Engine Company/Holden Engine Operations.

Once built vehicles as well; vehicle assembly ended in 1956 and was moved to Dandenong.

  Holden Fortitude Valley Plant Fortitude Valley, Queensland Australia Chevrolet
Pontiac
Oakland
Oldsmobile
Buick
Cadillac
GMC
Vauxhall
Bedford
Holden
1927 1965 Holden plant. Built by GM Australia before it merged with Holden's Motor Body Builders Ltd.
  Holden Marrickville Plant Marrickville, New South Wales Australia Chevrolet
Pontiac
Oakland
Oldsmobile
Marquette
Buick
Cadillac
GMC
Vauxhall
Bedford
1926 1940 Holden plant. Built by GM Australia before it merged with Holden's Motor Body Builders Ltd.
  Holden Melbourne Plant (City Road) Melbourne, Victoria Australia Chevrolet
Pontiac
Oakland
Oldsmobile
Buick
Cadillac
GMC
Vauxhall
1926 1936 Holden plant. Acquired by GM Australia before it merged with Holden's Motor Body Builders Ltd.
  Holden Mosman Park Plant Mosman Park (formerly Cottesloe Beach), Western Australia Australia Chevrolet
Pontiac
Oakland
Oldsmobile
Buick
Cadillac
GMC
Vauxhall
Bedford
Holden
1926 1972 Holden plant. Built by GM Australia before it merged with Holden's Motor Body Builders Ltd. Also produced military vehicles & equipment during WWII.
  Holden Pagewood Plant Pagewood, New South Wales Australia Chevrolet
Pontiac
Vauxhall
Bedford
Holden
Statesman
Body making
1940 1980 Holden plant. Also produced military equipment during WWII.
  Holden Woodville Plant Woodville, South Australia Australia Holden:
Stamping
Body making
Paint shop
Body Hardware
Trim
Tool & Die
Tri-Matic automatic transmission
1923 1965 Holden plant. Built before Holden was taken over by GM. Built car bodies for many brands of cars including GM brands (Chevrolet, Pontiac, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Marquette, Buick, LaSalle, Cadillac, GMC, Vauxhall, & Bedford) and non-GM brands (Chrysler, DeSoto, Dodge, Plymouth, Willys, Hudson, Nash, Studebaker, Austin, Morris, Rover, Standard, Fiat, & others). (Holden Motor Body Works.) Also produced military equipment during WWII. Once Holden brand cars started to be made in 1948, body and chassis components were made in Woodville.
  Indianapolis Metal Center Indianapolis, Indiana United States Metal stampings for trucks 1930 2011 Located at 340 S. White River Parkway W. Drive. Stamping plant.
  GM Indonesia Pondok Ungu, Bekasi, West Java Indonesia Chevrolet Spin
Chevrolet Blazer
Opel Blazer
Opel Optima
Opel Vectra
1995 2015 Originally established as PT. General Motors Buana Indonesia, which was owned 60% by GM and 40% by PT. Garmak Motor.
  Inland Plant Dayton & Vandalia, Ohio United States Engine Mounts
Transmission Mounts
Strut Mounts
Steering Wheels
Liteflex Springs
Brake Linings
Brake Hose
Brake Pads
Ball Joints
Ice Cube Trays
1921 2008
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Columbus, Ohio) Columbus, Ohio United States Door Panel Assemblies & Small Components 1946 2007 Located at 200 Georgesville Road.
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Detroit - Fort St.) Detroit, Michigan United States Door hinges and interior parts 1920 1989 Located at 6307 W. Fort St.
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Elyria, Ohio) Elyria, Ohio United States Car seats 1947 1990 Located at 1400 Lowell St.
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Euclid, Ohio) Euclid, Ohio United States Vehicle Bodies until 1970
Then, trim fabrication, Seat Covers & Backs
1943 1993 Located at 20001 Euclid Ave.
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Flint - Coldwater Road) Genesee Township, Michigan United States Window regulators, door hinges, door modules and seat adjusters 1953 1996 Located at 1245 East Coldwater Road.
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Grand Rapids, Michigan) Walker, Michigan United States Interior trim 1942 1998 Located at 2150 Alpine Avenue NW. Built by Haskelite Manufacturing Corporation to make wooden gliders for use in WWII. Bought by GM in the early 1950s. Built fuselages for
F-84F Thunderstreak fighter jets.
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Livonia, Michigan) Livonia, Michigan United States Seat Cushions, Seat Pads, Seat Backs, Door Panel Trim 1954 1995 Built on the site of the former Detroit Transmission plant that burned down in 1953. Located at 28400 Plymouth Road.
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Syracuse) Salina, New York United States Metal auto parts (die casting, stamping, machining, painting, plating), Plastic trim parts - exterior and interior (injection molding) 1952 1993 Located at One General Motors Drive (address sometimes listed as 1000 Town Line Road).
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Tecumseh, Michigan) Tecumseh, Michigan United States Seat components 1966 1988 Located at 5550 Occidental Highway.
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Trenton) West Trenton, Ewing Township, New Jersey United States Door handles
Seat adjusters
Exterior body moldings and painted components. Plant was previously known as the Ternstedt Plant
1938 1998 Located at 1445 Parkway Ave. Built TBM Avenger torpedo bombers during WWII. In 1961, the facility became the first commercial user in the United States to use a programmable industrial robot to replace human workers.
  Inland Fisher Guide Plant (Vandalia, Ohio) Vandalia, Ohio United States Door Panel Assemblies
Seat Pads
Instrument Panels
1941 1999
  General Motors International A/S Copenhagen Denmark Chevrolet
Oakland
Pontiac
Oldsmobile
Buick
Opel
Vauxhall
1924 1974 GM's first European assembly plant and first assembly plant outside North America.
  Ipiranga Ipiranga, São Paulo (state) Brazil Chevrolet
Oakland
Pontiac
Oldsmobile
Buick
Cadillac
1925 1930 GM's first Brazilian assembly plant. Replaced by Sao Caetano do Sul plant.
J Janesville Assembly Plant Janesville, Wisconsin United States Chevrolet Suburban
Chevrolet Tahoe
Chevrolet K5 Blazer
Chevrolet Tiltmaster/W-Series
GMC Forward/W-Series
Isuzu N-Series
GMC Yukon
GMC Suburban
GMC Yukon XL
1919 2009 Located at 1000 General Motors Dr. Oldest GM assembly plant at time of closure and the largest under one roof in the U.S.
  GM Java Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta, Jakarta Indonesia Chevrolet
Opel (1.2 Liter)
Vauxhall (10-4)
1927 1953 First car factory in what is now Indonesia.
  Kalamazoo Metal Center Kalamazoo, Michigan United States Stamped body panels 1965 1999 Located at 5200 East Cork Street.
K GM Korea Gunsan, Jeolla South Korea Chevrolet Cruze
Chevrolet Orlando
Family Z diesel engine
1997 2018 This factory also produced Chevrolet vehicles for General Motors Europe and Chevrolet Europe. Diesel engines were produced at an adjacent facility beginning in 2006.
A Lakewood Assembly Lakewood Heights, Georgia United States Chevrolet Caprice
Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser
Buick Estate Wagon
1928 1990 Located at McDonough Boulevard and Sawtell Avenue.
  Lansing Car Assembly - Body Lansing, Michigan United States Automotive bodies 1920 2005 Located at 401 N. Verlinden St. Known as GM's Lansing Plant 6. It supplied bodies to the main Oldsmobile plant (Lansing Plant 1 or Lansing Car Assembly - Chassis). Together with the chassis plant, they made up Lansing Car Assembly.
M Lansing Car Assembly - Chassis (North) Lansing, Michigan United States GM N platform cars 1902 2005 Main Oldsmobile plant, part of GM's Lansing Plant 1. Located around 1014 Townsend St., next to the former Oldsmobile headquarters at 920 Townsend St.
C (1985-2004) Lansing Car Assembly - Chassis (South) Lansing, Michigan United States GM N platform cars 1902 2004 Started using separate plant code from the North plant beginning with the 1985 N-body cars. Part of GM's Lansing Plant 1.
B
(0 for EV1)
Lansing Craft Centre Lansing Township, Michigan United States Chevrolet SSR 1987 2006 Located at 2801 West Saginaw Street. Oldsmobile used this plant as a forge (through 1983) and for making axles and differentials (through 1984). First opened as a vehicle assembly plant known as the Reatta Craft Centre in 1988. After Buick Reatta production ended in 1991, plant was renamed Lansing Craft Centre and used to complete production of the Chevy Cavalier and Pontiac Sunfire convertibles.
Lansing Engine Delta Township, Michigan United States Oldsmobile Diesel V6
Quad 4 engine
GM Ecotec engine (2002 only)
1981 2002 Located at 2901 S. Canal Road. Known as GM's Lansing Plant 5 or Delta Engine.
  Lansing Metal Center Lansing Township, Michigan United States   1952 2006 Located at 2800 W. Saginaw Street, across the street from the Lansing Craft Centre. Known as GM's Lansing Plant 3 or the Olds Jet plant.
K Leeds Assembly Kansas City, Missouri United States Buick Skyhawk, Oldsmobile Firenza, Chevrolet Cavalier 1929 1988 Located at 6817 Stadium Drive.
K ('94-'05)

E
('65-'91)
Linden Assembly Linden, New Jersey United States Chevrolet Blazer
GMC Jimmy
1937 2005 Located at 1016 W. Edgar Road. During WWII, GM built the FM-1 Wildcat and FM-2 Wildcat fighter planes at Linden.
  Livonia Engine Livonia, Michigan United States Premium V engine (Northstar V8, Aurora V8, "Shortstar" V6) 1971 2010 Located at 12200 Middlebelt Road.
7 (1979-2019)

U (1966-1978)
Lordstown Assembly Warren, Ohio United States Chevrolet Cruze (2016-2019) 1966 2019 Located at 2300 Hallock-Young Road.
  Mansfield Metal Center Ontario, Ohio United States Metal stamping 1955 2010 Located at 2525 W. 4th St. Mostly demolished. Redeveloped into Ontario Commerce Park.
  Massena Castings Plant Rooseveltown, New York United States aluminum engine block & cylinder heads for Corvair engine, Vega engine, J-body engine 1959 2009 Cylinder heads, Engine Blocks
Closed May 1, 2009
56 Chevrolet Rd, Rooseveltown, NY 13683
  Mexico City Assembly Mexico City Mexico Chevrolet trucks & vans 1937 1995 Chevrolet including: Caprice, Chevelle, Corvair, Impala, Malibu, Nova
Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Buick, Cadillac, Opel Olympia, Opel Rekord/MX-1/Fiera
Switched from assembly to manufacturing in 1965.
2 Moraine Assembly Moraine, Ohio United States Chevrolet S-10
Chevrolet S-10 Blazer (including 1995-05 GMT330 SUVs without the S-10 prefix)
GMC S-15
GMC S-15 Jimmy (including 1995-05 GMT330 SUVs without the S-15 prefix)
Buick Rainier
Chevrolet TrailBlazer
GMC Envoy
Isuzu Ascender regular length
Oldsmobile Bravada
Saab 9-7X
Grumman LLV chassis
1951 2008 Located at 2601 West Stroop Road. Began in 1951 as part of the Frigidaire Division of General Motors Corporation producing household appliances. Frigidaire production ended in 1979 when GM sold Frigidaire to White Consolidated Industries but kept the Moraine plant and converted it to build vehicles. Vehicle production began in 1981. Was part of GM's Truck & Bus Group. Closed on December 23, 2008. Sold to Fuyao Group in 2014; began production of automotive glass for GM and other automakers in 2016.
  Moraine Engine Moraine, Ohio United States Detroit Diesel V8 engine 6.2L/6.5L 1981 2000 Located at 4100 Springboro Pike. Also began as a Frigidaire plant. Replaced by the nearby DMAX Ltd. engine plant (originally a joint venture with Isuzu) which builds the replacement engine (Duramax V8 engine). Demolished by 2003. Production of the 6.5-liter diesel V8 moved to a new AM General plant in Franklin, OH known as General Engine Products. AM General makes the engine for its own use and for GM service parts, & 3rd party customers.
  Muncie Transmission Muncie, Indiana United States Transmissions including: Getrag 282/NVG T550, Getrag 284, Muncie M17, Muncie M20/M21/M22, Muncie M62/M64, Muncie SM420 transmission, Muncie SM465 transmission, NV3500/NV3550, NV4500
Valves, Steering gears
Forge
1902 2006 Located at 1200 W. Eighth St. Originally founded as Warner Gear Company. Bought by GM in 1919. Became Muncie Products Division. Closed in 1932. Reopened by Chevrolet in 1935 (Chevrolet Muncie). Became part of New Venture Gear joint venture with Chrysler in 1990. GM owned 36% while Chrysler owned 64%. GM sold its stake to DaimlerChrysler in 2002 but took back the Muncie plant. The plant closed in 2006.
  General Motors New Zealand Petone New Zealand Chevrolet including Chevrolet Deluxe, Chevrolet Bel Air, Chevrolet Impala
Pontiac including Pontiac Laurentian, Pontiac Parisienne
Oldsmobile
Buick
Opel Kadett
Vauxhall including Vauxhall Cresta (E, PA, PC), Vauxhall Wyvern, Vauxhall Velox, Vauxhall Viva, Vauxhall Victor
Bedford including Bedford CF, Bedford TK
Holden including Holden FE, Holden FB, Holden EJ, Holden EH, Holden HD
1926 1984 Also made Frigidaire refrigerators, freezers, washers, and dryers (Frigidaire was owned by GM from 1919 to 1979).

Axle tube assemblies, oil filters, and spark plugs.

  General Motors New Zealand Trentham New Zealand Vauxhall including Vauxhall Chevette, Vauxhall Cresta, Vauxhall Viva
Holden including Holden HQ, Holden Statesman HQ, Holden HJ, Holden HX, Holden HZ, Holden Commodore (VB), Holden Commodore (VC), Holden Commodore (VH), Holden Commodore (VK), Holden Commodore (VL), Holden Commodore (VN), Holden Commodore Royale (VH/VK/VL)
Holden Camira
Holden Barina
Suzuki Swift
Daihatsu Charade (under contract for Daihatsu)
Nissan Navara pickup (under contract for Nissan)
1967 1990
  GM Nordiska AB Södra Hammarbyhamnen, Stockholm Sweden Chevrolet
Opel
Vauxhall
Bedford trucks
1928 1957 Converted into a warehouse in 1957.
  Northway Motor Plant Detroit, Michigan United States Northway engines, Axles, parts for past model Chevrolets 1905 Burned down 1987 Located at 4584 Maybury Grand Ave. (Jeffries Expressway Service Drive) and W. Hancock St. Around 4646 Lawton St. (rear side) is the remnants of a water tower and railroad spur. Northway Motor and Manufacturing Company was acquired by GM in 1909, becoming Northway Motor and Manufacturing Division. Northway had made engines for both GM brands (in particular Oakland, Oldsmobile, Sheridan, Scripps-Booth, Samson Tractor, and GMC) and other automakers. Became part of GM Intercompany Parts Group. In 1920, Northway moved to a new plant on Holbrook Ave. in Detroit. This address seems to have subsequently been used by Frigidaire in the 1920s and 1930s and then by Refrigeration Service Inc. in the 1950s. At some point, the building was sold to Motor City Wiping Cloth Co. but they abandoned the property in 1983, leaving behind massive bales of rags and cloths. The building burned down in a horrific fire in 1987 after homeless people in the building were burning fires there to keep warm. The fire killed three firefighters and injured ten others. The fire even spread to the nearby Continental Paper warehouse.
  Northway Motor Plant/General Motors Truck Co. Plant No. 7/Chevrolet Gear and Axle Div. Detroit, Michigan United States Northway engines, Axles, parts for past model Chevrolets 1920 1994 Located at 1806 Holbrook Ave. Northway Motor and Manufacturing Company was acquired by GM in 1909, becoming Northway Motor and Manufacturing Division. Northway had made engines for both GM brands (in particular Oakland, Oldsmobile, Sheridan, Scripps-Booth, Samson Tractor, and GMC) and other automakers. Became part of GM Central Products Division. In 1920, Northway moved here from their original plant on Maybury Grand Ave. and primarily supplied engines to GMC. In 1925, became part of Yellow Truck & Coach Manufacturing Company as part of the merger of Yellow Cab Manufacturing Company and General Motors Truck Corp., the manufacturer of GMC trucks. In 1926, Northway Motor Division was liquidated and its Detroit plant was sold to Chevrolet on March 31 to become the Chevrolet Gear and Axle Div. Part of the engine tooling machinery was transferred to the Yellow Sleeve-Valve Engine Works at East Moline IL. Some Northway engines were still used by some GMC trucks (K-series) until at least 1930. Part of the Detroit complex sold to American Axle in 1994. Now part of American Axle's Advanced Technology Development Center.
N Norwood Assembly Norwood, Ohio United States Buick Apollo
Chevrolet Bel Air
Chevrolet Biscayne
Chevrolet Camaro
Chevrolet Caprice
Chevrolet El Camino
Chevrolet Impala
Chevrolet Nomad
Chevrolet Nova
Pontiac Firebird
1923 1987 Located at 5025 Carthage Ave. Closed August 1987. Demolished. Now Linden Pointe on the Lateral, a mixed use retail and office space.
Chevrolet Superior
Chevrolet Series AA Capitol
Chevrolet Series AB National
Chevrolet Series AC International
Chevrolet Series AD Universal
Chevrolet Series AE Independence
Chevrolet Series BA Confederate
Chevrolet Standard Six
Chevrolet Series CA Eagle / Master
Chevrolet Master
Chevrolet Deluxe
Chevrolet Fleetmaster
Chevrolet 150
Chevrolet 210
Chevrolet Delray
Chevrolet AK Series
Chevrolet Advance Design
Chevrolet Task Force
Chevrolet C/K
Chevrolet Suburban
O (Chevrolet)

C (GMC)
Oakland Assembly Oakland, California United States Chevrolet Series 490
Chevrolet Superior
Chevrolet Series AA Capitol
Chevrolet Series AB National
Chevrolet Series AC International
Chevrolet Series AD Universal
Chevrolet Series AE Independence
Chevrolet Series BA Confederate
Chevrolet Standard Six
Chevrolet Series CA Eagle / Master
Chevrolet Master
Chevrolet Deluxe
Chevrolet 150
Chevrolet 210
Chevrolet Delray
Chevrolet Bel Air
Chevrolet Corvair
Chevrolet Impala
Chevrolet Advance Design
Chevrolet Task Force
Chevrolet C/K
GMC New Design
GMC Blue Chip
GMC C/K
Chevrolet Suburban
GMC Suburban
1917 1963 Located at 73rd Ave. & Foothill Blvd. Built by Chevrolet before it became part of GM. Replaced by Fremont Assembly plant. Demolished. Site became Eastmont Mall which is now Eastmont Town Center.
6 Oklahoma City Assembly Oklahoma City, Oklahoma United States Chevrolet TrailBlazer EXT
GMC Envoy XL
GMC Envoy XUV
Isuzu Ascender extended length
1979 2006 Located at 7447 SE 74th Street.
Previously produced front wheel drive X platform (Chevrolet Citation & Pontiac Phoenix) vehicles as well as Buick Century, Chevrolet Celebrity, Chevrolet Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, and Pontiac 6000. Idled February 20, 2006. Taken over by Oklahoma City in 2008 and leased to neighbor Tinker Air Force Base. Now known as Building 9001. Used for maintaining jet engines and for software engineering.
2 Opel Werk Bochum Bochum Germany Opel Ascona A, B
Opel Kadett A, B, C, D, & E
Opel Astra F, G, & H
Opel Astra H Classic (5-door, Caravan)
Opel Manta A, B
Opel/Vauxhall Zafira Tourer C
Opel/Vauxhall Zafira B/Zafira Family
Opel/Vauxhall Zafira A
Vauxhall Astra
Engines
Transmissions
Axles
1962 2014 Engine production ended in 2004. Axle production ended in 2011. Transmission production ended Oct. 7, 2013. Vehicle production ended December 5, 2014.
  Opel Werk Brandenburg Brandenburg an der Havel, Brandenburg Germany Opel Blitz
1935 1944 Bombed and heavily damaged by the Allies on Aug. 6, 1944. Factory was dismantled and shipped to the Soviet Union after the war ended as reparations.
  Osaka Assembly (Former Nippon Menka factory)[20] Osaka Japan Chevrolet, Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Buick from CKD kits 1927 1941 Factory was seized by Imperial Japanese Government, see also General Motors Japan[21][22]
1 Oshawa Truck Assembly Oshawa, Ontario Canada Chevrolet Silverado
GMC Sierra
1965 2009 Part of the overall Oshawa Assembly complex (Autoplex) on Park Road South. Truck plant was at 1100 Park Road South at the southern end of the Autoplex. Now the GM Canadian Technical Centre's (CTC) McLaughlin Advanced Technology Track.
Chevrolet C/K
GMC C/K
  Packard Electric Plant# 41 Warren, Ohio United States Automotive wiring 1947 1998 Acquired by GM in 1932. Located at 1554 Thomas Rd SE. Sold in 2004 to Wetzel, Inc. Sold to Berk Enterprise, Inc. in 2009.
  Parma Powertrain Parma, Ohio United States Transmissions including Powerglide 2-speed automatic, THM250/250C/350/350C/375B 3-speed automatic 1949 2011 Located at 5520 & 5570 Chevrolet Blvd. next to Parma Metal which GM still operates. 5520 is now used by the US Postal Service and Hearn Industrial LLC, a logistics provider to the auto industry. 5570 is now a terminal for Pitt Ohio.
  GM Peninsular SA Barcelona Spain Chevrolet trucks 1932 1936 Production ended due to Spanish Civil War. Liquidated around 1939.
  GM del Peru Lima Peru Chevrolet Bel Air
Chevrolet Camaro
Chevrolet Caprice
Chevrolet Chevelle/Chevrolet Malibu
Chevrolet Impala
Opel Kadett
Opel Rekord
Vauxhall Victor
1945 1970
  Pittsburgh Metal West Mifflin, Pennsylvania United States Metal stamping 1949 2008 Located at 1451 Lebanon School Road. Originally part of Fisher Body division. Demolished in 2011.
  GM Polsce Sp. Zo.o. Warsaw Poland Chevrolet cars and trucks 1928 1930's Closed during the Depression.
P Pontiac Assembly Pontiac, Michigan United States Pontiac Fiero

RWD G-bodies:
Buick Regal (1985-1987), Chevrolet Monte Carlo
(1987-1988),
Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme (1985-1987),
Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Classic (1988)
1927 1988 Final assembly plant was located on N. Glenwood Ave. Complex also known as Pontiac North to distinguish from GMC's multiple plants in Pontiac, MI. Final Assembly was Plant 8 of Pontiac's Assembly complex in Pontiac, Michigan. Idled in 1982 but reopened in January 1985. Closed in December 1987. Last vehicle built was a Buick Regal Grand National. Demolished in 1997. GM still has the Pontiac Redistribution Center on the northeast portion of this property at 1251 Joslyn Road at the intersection with E. Columbia Ave. The Pontiac Metal Center is another still active part of this property. GM still uses the eastern part of the property bordered by Joslyn Ave. on the east, E. Beverly Ave. on the north, E. Montcalm St. on the south, and N. Glenwood Ave. on the west. This area includes GM Performance and Racing Center at 900 N. Glenwood Ave. and the propulsion systems Pontiac Engineering Center at 800 N. Glenwood Ave. Fisher Body operated a plant on the site (Plant 17) from 1935-1982. This plant, located at 888 Baldwin Ave., was converted to build the Pontiac Fiero, which it built from 1983-1988. Closed in 1988. GM used it as a warehouse until 2009. Most of the Fiero plant was demolished in 2013. Pontiac engines were made in Plant 9 and Plant 18. Both have been demolished (plant 9 demolished in 1997).
Pontiac Six, Pontiac 2+2, Pontiac Bonneville, Pontiac Can Am, Pontiac Catalina, Pontiac Chieftain, Pontiac Executive, Pontiac Grand Am (1973-1975), Pontiac Grand Am (1978-1980), Pontiac Grand Prix, Pontiac Grand Safari, Pontiac Grand Ville, Pontiac GTO 1964-1973, Pontiac LeMans, Pontiac Safari, Pontiac Star Chief, Pontiac Streamliner, Pontiac Tempest, Pontiac T-37, Pontiac Torpedo, Pontiac Ventura
V (1972-1990)

P (Pre-1972)
Pontiac Central Assembly Pontiac, Michigan United States Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks, Buses (PD-4501 Scenicruiser, GM New Look bus, GM Buffalo bus, Rapid Transit Series)
Chevrolet/GMC C-Series medium-duty trucks (1967-1972)
Chevrolet/GMC C-Series medium-duty trucks (1985-1990)
Chevrolet Kodiak (1985-1990)
GMC Top Kick (1985-1990)
Chevrolet Bruin
GMC Brigadier
WhiteGMC Brigadier
Chevrolet Bison
GMC General
Chevrolet Titan
GMC Astro
Engines (GMC straight-6 engine 1947-1962, GMC V6/V12 engine, GMC 60° V8)
1928 1989 Located at 660 South Boulevard East. Known as GMC Truck & Coach Division Plant 2 when built. Headquarters of GMC Truck & Coach Division. Administration and engineering buildings were part of the complex. Built over 500,000 6x6 CCKW trucks and DUKW "Ducks" during WW-2. Converted in 1994 into a Truck Product Engineering Center (Pontiac Centerpoint Campus) by GM using only the steel frame of the large main building while everything else was demolished. The Truck Product Engineering Center closed in 2009 and the site is now the Centerpoint Business Campus, which is occupied by many businesses including Fanuc Robotics and i.M. Branded.
E (1988-2009)

V (1972-1985)
Pontiac East Assembly Pontiac, Michigan United States Medium Duty Trucks Chevrolet/GMC C-Series medium-duty trucks (1973-1985), (Chevrolet Kodiak (1981-1985), GMC Top Kick) (1981-1985), Chevrolet C/K (GMT400), GMC Sierra (GMT400), Chevrolet Silverado (GMT800), GMC Sierra (GMT800), Chevrolet Silverado (GMT900), GMC Sierra (GMT900) 1972 2009 Located at 2100 South Opdyke Road. Known as GMC Truck & Coach Division Plant 6 when built, also known as Pontiac Assembly Center. Demolished in 2011-2012. Portions of the site are now occupied by Challenge Manufacturing Co. and Williams International.
0 (1979-1994)

V (1972-1978)

P (Pre-1972)
Pontiac West Assembly Pontiac, Michigan United States Engines, Trucks, Buses, GMC Motorhome, Chevrolet/GMC vans 1964-1970,
Chevrolet S-10
GMC Sonoma
Chevrolet S-10 Blazer
GMC S-15 Jimmy
GMC Typhoon
1906 1994 Complex includes GMC Truck & Coach Division Plants 1, 3, 4, and 5. Plant 1 was originally the plant of Rapid Motor Vehicle Company, one of the 2 main ancestors of the modern GMC Division (the other being Reliance Motor Car Company). Plant 1 was located at 25 Rapid Street and opened in 1906, before Rapid was taken over by GM in 1908-1909. Plant 1 was demolished around 1981. Plant 3 opened in 1940 and was located at South Boulevard West and Franklin Road. Plant 3 built the GMC Motorhome. Plant 3 was demolished around 2005. Plant 4 was located on South Saginaw Street (now Woodward Ave.) Engine production began in Plant 4 in 1938. The GMC straight-6 engine was built there through 1947. Plant 4 also built the 1964-1970 Chevrolet & GMC full-size vans. Plant 4 was demolished around 2008. Plant 5 was located on Franklin Road, to the north of Plant 3. Plant 5 was demolished around 2005. Entire property sold to M1 Concourse in 2014.
  Pontiac Foundry Pontiac, Michigan United States Iron castings of engine parts. 1927 1987 Was part of GM's Central Foundry Division. Was Plant 6 of Pontiac's Assembly complex in Pontiac, Michigan. Demolished in 1995. A U.S. Postal Service distribution center located at 711 N. Glenwood Ave. now occupies the approximate area where the foundry used to be.
  Regina Plant Regina, Saskatchewan Canada Buick, Chevrolet (Maple Leaf), Oldsmobile, Pontiac 1928 1941 Taken over by the Government of Canada to produce munitions for World War II.
  Saginaw Malleable Iron Saginaw, Michigan United States   1919 2007 Located at 77 W. Center St. Iron castings. HQ of Central Foundry Division. In 1919, Saginaw Malleable Iron and Central Foundry merged with the Jacox division into GM's Saginaw Products Company. In 1928, became the Saginaw Malleable Iron division of GM. Closed in 2007, demolished in 2010. Converted into a park.
  Saginaw Nodular Iron Saginaw, Michigan United States Steering knuckles, crankshafts, disc brake caliper housings, exhaust manifolds, flywheels, differential carriers, clutch pressure plates 1967 1988 Located at 2100 Veterans Memorial Parkway. Straddles the City of Saginaw-Buena Vista Township border. Iron castings. Closed in 1988. Later demolished.
  Saginaw Parts Saginaw, Michigan United States   1907 1983 Located on corner of 6th & Washington Avenues. Bought by GM in 1909 as part of its purchase of Rainier Motor Car Company. Made Rainier, Marquette, and Peninsular cars as well as parts for Welch and Welch-Detroit cars. All of those activities ended at the end of 1912. In 1917, during World War I, the plant was reopened and used to manufacture mortar shells for the US Ordnance Corps. In 1919, became part of the Saginaw Products Company with this plant becoming the Saginaw Products Company Motor Plant. From 1919 to 1922, the plant made OHV I4 engines for Chevrolet Series FB and Oldsmobile Model 43A. It was then used as a warehouse. From 1935, it made all different types of auto parts and service parts as Chevrolet Saginaw Service Parts Plant or from 1969, Chevrolet Saginaw Parts Plant. Closed in 1983, demolished in 1984.
  Saginaw Steering Gear - Plant 1 Saginaw, Michigan United States Steering components 1906 1984 Located on 628 North Hamilton St. Originally founded as the Jackson, Church and Wilcox Company (Jacox) in 1906. Bought by GM in 1910. Became the Jackson-Church-Wilcox or Jacox division of GM. In 1919, the Jacox division merged with Saginaw Malleable Iron and Central Foundry into GM's Saginaw Products Company. Became the Saginaw Steering Gear Division in 1928. Closed in 1984. Sold in 1987 to Thomson Industries. Still operates today as Thomson Aerospace & Defense, a brand of Linear Motion LLC, which is owned by the Umbra Group of Italy.
  Saginaw Steering Gear - Plant 2 Saginaw, Michigan United States Steering Gears, pump hoses 1941 2001 Located at 1400 Holmes Street. Affectionately known as "The Gun Plant", it was built in 1941 when the division was contracted to build M1919 machine guns, and M1-Carbines for World War II. After the war, normal steering gear production continued until its closure in 2001. It was demolished in 2002.
  Saginaw Steering Gear complex Buena Vista Township, Michigan United States Complete Hydraulic and Electric Power Steering Systems, Halfshafts, Intermediate Drive Shafts 1953 2010 Located at 3900 E. Holland Road. Former Saginaw Steering Division of GM. Plant 3 opened in 1953, Plant 4 opened in 1956. The sprawling Five-Plant complex (Plants 3-7), division Headquarters and large engineering center, were spun off with Delphi in 1999. GM re-purchased the Steering division from bankrupt Delphi in 2009, and then sold the division to Pacific Century Motors in 2010. The former GM Division now operates as "Nexteer Automotive", an independent company headquartered at the Saginaw site. Nexteer moved its headquarters to Auburn Hills in 2015.
  Saginaw Transmission Saginaw, Michigan United States Manual Transmissions, Brakes 1920 1999 Located at 2328 E. Genesee Ave. Built 1919–20 for the Michigan Crankshaft Company (originally founded as National Engineering Company), acquired by GM in 1921 and placed under Saginaw Products Company. In 1928, became the Saginaw Crankshaft Division of GM. Transferred to Chevrolet upon the dissolution of the Crankshaft Division in 1931 when crankshaft manufacturing was turned over to the car divisions. Made the "Saginaw" 3 and 4-Speed manual transmissions. It was spun off as part of Delphi in 1999. The plant was sold to TRW Automotive in 2007. TRW used the plant to produces brake and suspension components (known as TRW Braking and Suspension). TRW closed this plant in 2014.
2 Sainte-Thérèse Assembly Boisbriand, Quebec Canada Chevrolet Camaro
Pontiac Firebird
1966 2002 Located at 2500 Boulevard De la Grande-Allée.
Past models: Chevrolet Celebrity
Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera
Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme
Pontiac Bonneville
Pontiac Grand Prix
Chevrolet Vega
Pontiac Astre
Chevrolet Monza
Pontiac Sunbird
Oldsmobile Starfire
Buick Skyhawk
Chevrolet Biscayne
Chevrolet Impala
Chevrolet Chevelle
Beaumont.

Plant demolished and site re-developed as a commercial and residential site known as Faubourg Boisbriand and the Centre for Sports Excellence.

4 Scarborough Van Assembly Scarborough, Ontario Canada Chevrolet Van
GMC Vandura
Chevrolet Sportvan
GMC Rally Van
1952 1993 Located at 1901 Eglinton Avenue East. Originally a Frigidaire home appliance plant. In 1968, switched to making automotive components. Converted to build full-size vans in 1974. Closed in May 1993 and operations moved to Flint Truck Assembly. Plant demolished and now site of Eglinton Town Centre and Comstock Bus Garage at the southern end of the property.
8 Shreveport Operations Shreveport, Louisiana United States Chevrolet Colorado
GMC Canyon
Hummer H3
Hummer H3T
Isuzu i-series
1981 2012 Located at 7600 General Motors Blvd. General Motors Blvd. was renamed Antoine Blvd. in 2013. A portion of the complex is now used by Glovis America, a Hyundai Automotive Group subsidiary, for a vehicle logistics and processing center for Hyundai and Kia vehicles.
Past models: Chevrolet S-10, Chevrolet S-10 EV, Chevrolet S-10 Blazer, GMC S-15, GMC S-15 Jimmy, GMC Sonoma, GMC Syclone, Isuzu Hombre.
A General Motors South Africa Darling Street & Kempston Road plants Port Elizabeth South Africa Acadian
Acadian Beaumont &
Beaumont
(from CKD kits supplied from Oshawa and Willow Run 1966-69)
Chevrolet Series AA Capitol
Chevrolet Series AB National
Chevrolet Series AC International
Chevrolet Series AD Universal
Chevrolet Series AE Independence
Chevrolet Series BA Confederate
Chevrolet Standard Six
Chevrolet Series CA Eagle / Master
Chevrolet Master
Chevrolet Ascona
Chevrolet Caprice
Chevrolet Caprice Classic
Chevrolet Constantia
Chevrolet Corvair
Chevrolet Chevair
Chevrolet Chevelle/Chevrolet Malibu
Chevrolet Chevy II/Nova
Chevrolet De Ville
Chevrolet El Camino
Chevrolet El Toro

Chevrolet Impala
Chevrolet Kommando
Chevrolet LUV
Holden EK
Holden EJ
Holden EH
Holden HD
Holden HR
Holden Monaro (HT)/Chevrolet SS (HG)
Pontiac Parisienne
Chevrolet Firenza/1300/1900
Chevrolet 2500, 3800, 4100
Chevrolet Rekord
Opel Ascona C
Opel Kadett A
Opel Kadett B
Opel Kadett D
Opel Kadett E/Monza
Opel Kadett F
Opel Astra G
Opel Corsa B/Corsa Lite
Opel Rekord
Vauxhall Cresta
Vauxhall Velox
Vauxhall Victor
Vauxhall Viscount
Vauxhall Viva
Isuzu F-Series
Isuzu N-Series
Isuzu KB
Isuzu KB (D-Max based)
1926 (Darling Street)
1928 (Kempston Road)
1929 (Darling Street)
2017
Also assembled in the pre-WWII era:
Chevrolet
Pontiac
Oakland
Oldsmobile
Buick
LaSalle
Cadillac
GMC
Vauxhall
Bedford
Opel
Frigidaire appliances.

Also built the Ranger.

GM sold the factory to Isuzu in 2017 and left the South African market. Isuzu consolidated its commercial truck production in the Struandale plant which already built Isuzu pickups and the Kempston Road plant ended production on Nov. 30, 2018.

4 General Motors South Africa Struandale plant Port Elizabeth South Africa Chevrolet Spark (M300)
Opel Corsa C
Opel Corsa Utility/ Chevrolet Utility
Hummer H3
Isuzu KB
1996 2017 Struandale was originally a Ford plant opened in 1973 which GM South Africa bought during the time it was known as Delta Motor Corp. in 1994.

GM sold the factory to Isuzu in 2017 and left the South African market. Struandale absorbed Isuzu pickup production beginning with the 2nd generation D-Max around 2013 & Isuzu commercial truck (Isuzu F-Series & Isuzu N-Series) production in Jan. 2019. Isuzu KB was renamed D-Max in South Africa in 2018, aligning with the rest of the world.

  General Motors South Africa Engine plant - Aloes Port Elizabeth South Africa Chevrolet 153 4-cylinder engine
Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift inline-6
Vauxhall Viva inline-4
1965 1982
C (1965-1982)

U (1964)
South Gate Assembly South Gate, California United States   1936 1982 Located at 2700 Tweedy Blvd. Plant demolished and site used for 3 new schools for L.A. School District and the South Gate Industrial and Business Park at the southern end of the property. First GM plant to build multi-carline body/chassis (Buick/Olds/Pontiac) serially. Other models: Tanks (WWII); Unibody B-O-P "Y"-body Buick Special, Oldsmobile F-85, Pontiac Tempest added to B-& C-body mix 1961-63; replaced by Chevrolet B-body for 64; Chevrolet Vega; Chevrolet Monza; Pontiac Astre; Pontiac Sunbird; Oldsmobile Starfire (H-body); Buick Skyhawk; Buick Centurion; Buick Century; Buick Invicta; Buick LeSabre; Buick Roadmaster; Buick Special (1936-1958); Buick Wildcat; Chevrolet Bel Air; Chevrolet Caprice; Chevrolet Impala; Oldsmobile 88; Oldsmobile 98; Oldsmobile Starfire (1961–1966); Pontiac Bonneville; Pontiac Catalina; Pontiac Executive; Pontiac Grand Prix (1962-1968); Pontiac Star Chief; Pontiac Ventura; Cadillac Deville; Chevrolet Cavalier (1982); and Cadillac Cimarron (1982)
  St. Catharines Components Plant St. Catharines, Ontario Canada Engine and Transmission components,
Final drive assemblies for powertrains,
Axles
1929 2010 Was located at 285 Ontario Street. Originally McKinnon Dash and Metal Work Ltd., which opened this site in 1900. Axle Plant is officially renamed Components Plant. Taken over by GM in 1929. Permanently closed in 2010 as part of GM's restructuring plans. All operations were transferred to St. Catharines Propulsion Plant. The components factory was demolished in 2016 and the site will be re-developed for mixed-use residential and commercial development.
  St. Catharines Foundry St. Catharines, Ontario Canada Iron castings of engine parts 1952 1995 Was located at 285 Ontario Street. Operated as part of GM subsidiary McKinnon Industries, Ltd. until 1969 when it became "General Motors of Canada Limited, St. Catharines". Aligned with GM's Central Foundry Division in 1989.
S St. Louis Truck Assembly St. Louis, Missouri United States Chevrolet C/K
GMC C/K (Rounded Line)
Chevrolet R/V (1987 only)
GMC R/V (1987 only)
1920 1987 Located at 3809 N. Union Blvd. Chevrolet had previously licensed Gardner Buggy Co. to assemble its cars in St. Louis in 1915. That was replaced by Chevrolet's own St. Louis plant on Union Blvd. Built DUKW amphibious vehicles during WWII. Operated 3 assembly lines: car line, truck line, and the Corvette line. 695,214 Corvettes were built from 1954-1981 in the old Fisher Body Mill Building that had been used to assemble wooden bodies in earlier years and was converted to Corvette production. Chevy Caprice & Impala production ended in 1980. Was a Truck and Bus Group plant from 1982, only making full-size pickups. Closed August 1987. Property is now the Union Seventy Center, an industrial warehouse and distribution campus used by several different tenants.
Chevrolet 150, Chevrolet 210, Chevrolet AK Series, Chevrolet Advance Design, Chevrolet Bel Air, Chevrolet Biscayne, Chevrolet K5 Blazer (1969-1972), Chevrolet Corvair Forward Control, Chevrolet Caprice, Chevrolet Corvette (1954–81), Chevrolet Delray, Chevrolet El Camino (1959-1960), Chevrolet Impala, Chevrolet Nomad, Chevrolet Suburban, Chevrolet Task Force, GMC C/K (Action Line), GMC Jimmy (1970-1972), GMC New Design, GMC Suburban
  General Motors Suisse AG Biel Switzerland Chevrolet 1936-1941, 1946-1968[23]
Pontiac 1937-1939, 1946-1959 (None produced in 1955-1956)
Oldsmobile 1936-1940, 1947-1958
Buick 1936-1940, 1946-1958
LaSalle 1936
Cadillac 1938-1940
Opel 1936-1941, 1950-1975
Vauxhall 1936-1940, 1946-1971
Ranger 1970-1975
1936 1975 Run by General Motors Suisse AG. First car off the line was a Buick Model 41. Other prewar cars built include the Buick Series 90 & Opel P4. Closed August 14, 1975. Last car was an Opel Rekord D. A total of 329,864 cars were assembled. Regular as well as customized vehicles in small series were made like drawing vehicles for the Swiss Armed Forces: An open 6-seater Chevrolet Platform combined with an Opel 2.5L I-6 cylinder; after World War II those "Swiss" cars were also offered to the public as limousines. As well GM produced luxury upgraded vehicles for the European market like the Opel Kapitän, Rekord "Ascona Edition", and the Kadett-based Opel Ascona 1700 up to the early 1970s. The Ranger was invented by using Vauxhall structures on an Opel Rekord C body. Also built the first generation Chevrolet Camaro, Chevrolet Chevelle, Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova, & the Chevrolet Corvair from CKD kits. Also built the Vauxhall Victor and the special Victor Riviera as well as the Vauxhall Cresta and Vauxhall Viscount. Afterwards the plant was used as GM's European central spare parts warehouse until 1992. Most buildings still exist, they now house a Coop mall.  
T Talegaon Talegaon, Pune district, Maharashtra India Chevrolet Spark
Chevrolet Beat
Chevrolet Sail U-VA (hatchback)
Chevrolet Sail
2008 2020 Closed 24 December 2020
T North Tarrytown Assembly Sleepy Hollow, New York United States Truck and Bus. Past models:
Buick Century
Pontiac 6000
Buick Skylark (rwd X-body)
Buick Skylark (fwd X-body)
Chevrolet 490
Chevrolet Series AA Capitol
Chevrolet Series AB National
Chevrolet Series AC International
Chevrolet Series AD Universal
Chevrolet Series AE Independence
Chevrolet Series BA Confederate
Chevrolet Standard Six
Chevrolet Series CA Eagle / Master
Chevrolet 150
Chevrolet 210
Chevrolet AK Series
Chevrolet Advance Design
Chevrolet Bel Air
Chevrolet Biscayne
Chevrolet C/K
Chevrolet C/K (Action Line)
Chevrolet Caprice
Chevrolet Citation
Chevrolet Delray
Chevrolet Deluxe
Chevrolet Impala
Chevrolet Master
Chevrolet Nomad
Chevrolet Nova
Chevrolet Suburban
Chevrolet Task Force
GMC C/K (Action Line)
Pontiac Phoenix (rwd X-body)
Pontiac Phoenix (fwd X-body)
Pontiac Ventura
Chevrolet Lumina APV
Chevrolet Lumina Minivan
Oldsmobile Silhouette
Pontiac Trans Sport
1896
1918 (as part of GM)
1996 Located at 199 Beekman Avenue. Originally built by Stanley Motor Carriage Company. In 1903, plant was sold to Maxwell-Briscoe, which later became Maxwell Motor Company. Chevrolet began to acquire the complex in 1914, before Chevrolet was part of GM. The first Chevrolet produced in Tarrytown was the Chevrolet 490. The plant became part of GM when Chevrolet became part of GM in 1918. Plant closed in June 1996. Minivan production moved to Doraville Assembly for 1997. North Tarrytown changed its name to Sleepy Hollow in December 1996. Plant was demolished. Site being redeveloped as Edge-on-Hudson, a mixed use residential/retail/office/park space.
  Three Rivers Three Rivers, Michigan United States Rwd Automatic transmissions, propshafts 1979 1994 Located at 1 Manufacturing Way (formerly 1 Hydramatic Drive) off W. Hoffman St. GM bought the closed plant from Continental Can Co. Sold to American Axle & Manufacturing Inc. in 1994.
  Toledo Transmission Toledo, Ohio United States Transmissions, Gears 1916 1957 Located at 900 W. Central Ave. Acquired from Warner Gear Co. by Chevrolet in 1916 before Chevrolet was part of GM. The plant became part of GM when Chevrolet became part of GM in 1918. During WWII, produced truck transfer cases and transmissions for four- and six-wheel-drive military trucks. Replaced by the current Toledo Transmission plant on Alexis Road in 1956.
M Toluca Assembly Toluca Mexico Chevrolet Kodiak 1994 2008 Chevrolet C/K, Chevrolet/GMC C3500HD, Chevrolet Silverado
  Tonawanda Forge Tonawanda, New York United States Forged metal components c.1950 1994 Located at 2390-2392 Kenmore Ave. Sold to American Axle & Manufacturing Inc. in 1994. Closed in 2008, subsequently demolished.
  Tonawanda Foundry Tonawanda (town), New York United States Iron castings of engine parts, brake drums. 1954 1984 Was located on River Road. Chevrolet Foundry. Was part of GM's Central Foundry Division.  
Z General Motors Turkiye Ltd. Torbali, Izmir Province Turkey Opel Vectra A & B 1990 2000 Opel plant. Converted into a spare parts warehouse.
  General Motors Uruguaya SA Sayago, Montevideo Uruguay Chevrolet
Opel Kadett
Opel Rekord
Bedford trucks
1962 1986
L Van Nuys Assembly Van Nuys, California United States Chevrolet Camaro
Pontiac Firebird
1947 1992 Located at 8000 Van Nuys Blvd. Demolished in 1993. Redeveloped into "The Plant", a retail and industrial complex that also includes LAPD and LAFD stations.
Past models: Buick Apollo, Buick Skylark, Chevrolet 150, Chevrolet 210, Chevrolet Advance Design, Chevrolet Bel Air, Chevrolet C/K, Chevrolet Chevelle, Chevrolet Corvair, Chevrolet Delray, Chevrolet El Camino, Chevrolet Impala, Chevrolet Monte Carlo, Chevrolet Nomad, Chevrolet Nova (to 1979), Chevrolet Suburban, Chevrolet Task Force, GMC Sprint, Oldsmobile Omega, Pontiac GTO, Pontiac Ventura
7 Vauxhall Luton (car plant) Luton United Kingdom Vauxhall Carlton
Vauxhall Cavalier
Vauxhall Cresta
Opel Vectra A
Opel/Vauxhall Vectra B
Vauxhall Velox
Vauxhall Ventora
Vauxhall Victor
Vauxhall Viscount
Vauxhall Viva
Vauxhall VX4/90
Vauxhall VX Series
Vauxhall Wyvern
Envoy F/FB/FC/FD
Vauxhall Slant-4 engine
1905 2002 Production ended in 2002 with the Vauxhall Vectra. The plant has now been demolished and the site is now being redeveloped for housing.[24]
  GM de Venezuela
Caracas
Antimano, Caracas Venezuela Chevrolet Bel Air
Chevrolet C/K
Chevrolet Camaro
Chevrolet Caprice
Chevrolet Chevelle
Chevrolet Corvair
Chevrolet Deluxe
Chevrolet Impala
Chevrolet Malibu
Chevrolet Nova
Chevrolet Thriftmaster/Loadmaster
Opel Kadett
Opel Rekord
1948 1983 Plant closed in 1983 & GM moved to the newer Valencia plant that it bought from Chrysler in 1979.
  GM Venezolana
Mariara
Mariara, Carabobo Venezuela Chevrolet C3500
Chevrolet F-Series
Chevrolet E-Series
Chevrolet Kodiak
Chevrolet N-Series
2008 2015 Plant closed in 2015 & N-Series moved to Valencia plant.
  GM Venezolana
Valencia
Valencia, Carabobo Venezuela Chevrolet Astra
Chevrolet Aveo
Chevrolet C/K
Chevrolet Celebrity
Chevrolet Century
Chevrolet Chevette
Chevrolet Corsa
Chevrolet Cruze
Chevrolet Grand Blazer
Chevrolet Kodiak
Chevrolet Malibu
Chevrolet Monza
Chevrolet N-Series
Chevrolet Optra
Chevrolet Orlando
Chevrolet S-10 Blazer
Chevrolet Silverado
Chevrolet Spark
Chevrolet Tahoe
Chevrolet TrailBlazer
1979 2017 Originally built by Chrysler de Venezuela SA. GM bought the plant from Chrysler in 1979 and moved their entire operations there from the Caracas plant by 1983.

There had already been production pauses because of part shortages between 2014 and 2016. On May 2, 2017 GM announced the total closure of the plant and deconsolidation of the Venezuelan unit from its accounts due to the illegal seizure of its factory by the Venezuelan government. The plant halted all of its operations of manufacturing vehicles and now only retains the GM brands representation.[25][26][27]

  Warren Transmission Warren, Michigan United States 6T70, 6T75, 6T80 1941 2018 Located at 23500 Mound Road. Past transmissions: Hydramatic 4T65-E, 5ET50 EVT

Began production of Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic[28]

W Willow Run Assembly Ypsilanti Twp, Michigan United States Buick Roadmaster
Chevrolet Caprice
Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser
1959 1993 Past models: Acadian, Buick Skylark, Chevrolet Citation, Chevrolet Corvair, Chevrolet Nova, Chevrolet Suburban, Oldsmobile 88, Oldsmobile Omega, Pontiac Bonneville, Pontiac GTO (1974), & Pontiac Ventura. Located at 2625 Tyler Road, to the south of the former Willow Run Transmission plant. The Willow Run Assembly Plant is now the Willow Run Business Center, a multi-tenant warehouse and distribution facility, part of which is leased by GM to distribute auto parts which is known as Ypsilanti #87 Processing Center, part of GM Customer Care and Aftersales. The nearby Willow Run Company Vehicle Operations site at 2901 Tyler Road was sold to International Turbine Industries in April 2013.[29]
  Willow Run Transmission Ypsilanti, Michigan United States 4L80-E transmission
4L85-E transmission
4T60-E transmission
4T65-E transmission
4T80-E transmission
6L50-E transmission
6L80-E transmission
6L90-E transmission
1953 2010 Original equipment came from destroyed Detroit Transmission plant in Livonia in 1953; began as the Ford B-24 Liberator bomber plant in World War II which opened in 1941, grew from 3,500,000 square feet to nearly 5 million square feet under GM. Ford built the factory and sold it to the US government, which leased it back to Ford for the duration of WWII. Ford Motor had first option on the plant after war production ended, an option it ultimately chose not to exercise. The factory was instead leased and then sold to Kaiser-Frazer and was their main production site from 1946 to 1953, when they moved production to Toledo, OH following Kaiser-Frazer's acquisition of Toledo-based Willys-Overland. In addition to automobiles, Kaiser-Frazer also built C-119 Flying Boxcar cargo planes at Willow Run under license from Fairchild Aircraft, producing an estimated 88 C-119s between 1951 and 1953. In 1953, GM first leased then bought the plant to replace the Detroit Transmission factory in Livonia, Michigan that had burned down earlier in 1953. In addition to automatic transmissions, GM also produced the M16A1 rifle and the M39A1 20mm autocannon for the US military during the Vietnam War at Willow Run Transmission. GM Powertrain also had an on-site engineering center. The plant closed in December 2010. A small portion of the plant was saved by the Yankee Air Museum but more than 95% of the plant was demolished from 2013 to 2014. The site has been redeveloped into the American Center for Mobility, an autonomous- and connected-driving testing center.
Y Wilmington Assembly Wilmington, Delaware United States Pontiac Solstice
Saturn Sky
Opel GT
Daewoo G2X
1947 2009 Located at 801 Boxwood Road. Demolished in 2019. Now an Amazon fulfillment center.
Past models: Chevrolet Corsica, Chevrolet Beretta, Pontiac Tempest (Canada only), Chevrolet Malibu, Saturn L-Series, Chevrolet Chevette, Pontiac 1000, Pontiac Acadian (Canada only), Buick Centurion, Buick Electra, Buick GS, Buick Invicta, Buick LeSabre, Buick Limited, Buick Roadmaster, Buick Skylark, Buick Wildcat, Chevrolet Bel Air, Chevrolet Caprice, Chevrolet Impala, Oldsmobile 88, Oldsmobile 98, Oldsmobile Starfire, Pontiac Bonneville, Pontiac Catalina, Pontiac Star Chief, Pontiac Ventura
  Windsor Transmission Windsor, Ontario Canada 4T40E/4T45E transmission
Transmission components
1920 2010 Plant was originally in Walkerville until Walkerville was annexed by Windsor in 1935. Was located at 1550 Kildare Road. Walker Road is at the back of the property. Previous: 1920 - 1928 axles and parts, 1928 - 1963 engines (including Buick engines 1935-1942). Completely demolished by 2017. Site now occupied by MotiPark Ltd.
  Windsor Trim Windsor, Ontario Canada Seat assemblies and door trim panels 1965 1996 Located at 1600 Lauzon Rd. Sold to Peregrine, Inc. in 1996 and then sold to Lear Corp. in 1999. Closed by Lear in 2005. Demolished in 2009. Part of the property is now the WFCU Centre and part will be residential homes.
  Wixom Performance Build Center Wixom, Michigan United States 6.2L V8 LS3 (C6 Corvette Grand Sport coupe w/manual transmission only)
7.0L V8 LS7
6.2L supercharged V8 LS9
4.4L supercharged V8 LC3
2004 2013[30] Located at 30240 Oak Creek Dr. Performance Build Center relocated to Bowling Green Assembly in 2014.
  Wyoming Assembly (LaSalle Wyoming Ave. plant) Detroit, Michigan United States LaSalle 1927-1934 1917 1934 Located at 6000 Wyoming Avenue. Originally built to produce Liberty aircraft engines in World War I. In 1919, was taken over by Saxon Motor Co., owned by Hugh Chalmers of Chalmers Motor Co. GM bought the plant in 1926 and built the LaSalle there from 1927. GM sold Wyoming Assembly to Chrysler in 1934, which then used it to build its DeSoto brand. After the DeSoto brand was discontinued in late 1960, became Wyoming Export plant which was used to prepare vehicles for export. Plant closed in 1980. Plant was demolished in 1992.
  General Motors Zaire Kinshasa Zaire (now D.R. Congo) Chevrolet trucks
Opel Kadett
Opel Rekord
Opel Commodore
Opel Ascona
Bedford Trucks
1975 1987 GM sold the plant in 1987 to local businessmen. Plant was looted bare in 1991.

See also

References

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  2. ^ Venetis, Tom (4 April 2022). "GM Canada Electric Vehicle Production in Ontario by the End of 2022". Metroland Media Group. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  3. ^ "General Motors: Gravatai Automotive Complex". Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  4. ^ UPDATE 2-GM to spend $1 bln in Brazil on new family of cars Retrieved 14 September 2021
  5. ^ "GM Corporate Newsroom - United States - Company".
  6. ^ https://vpic.nhtsa.dot.gov/mid/home/displayfile/7c659360-416a-4e96-ae38-0b69d916c106 [bare URL PDF]
  7. ^ McEachern, Sam (28 February 2020). "GM Delays Production Restart At Wuhan Plant As Coronavirus Crisis Continues". GM Authority. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  8. ^ Szczesny, Joseph (30 January 2015). "Ford, GM Implement Expansion Plans in China". The Detroit Bureau. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
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  11. ^ "Company Profile". Vauxhall. Archived from the original on 2009-06-29. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  12. ^ Abuelsamid, Sam (August 22, 2010). "Tesla to buy old resources from GM, Toyota for NUMMI plant". Auto Blog. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  13. ^ "General Motors Sells Strasbourg Plant to Punch Metals International". 22 December 2012.
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  15. ^ "Sale of GM Rayong Plant to Great Wall Motors Confirmed". 30 September 2020.
  16. ^ "General Motors fecha fábricas na Colômbia e no Equador". 30 April 2024.
  17. ^ "GM Argentina".
  18. ^ "GM Baltimore Employees Irate over Plant Closure". 19 April 2019.
  19. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=mTvuAwAAQBAJ&dq=1920+fort+worth+chevrolet+factory&pg=PA52 Lost Fort Worth, page 52
  20. ^ Mason, Mark (14 October 1992). American Multinationals and Japan: The Political Economy of Japanese Capital Controls, 1899-1980. Harvard Univ Asia Center. ISBN 9780674026308 – via Google Books.
  21. ^ "GM early history in Japan". 25 August 2008.
  22. ^ "Image of Osaka facility". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-09-15.
  23. ^ "What's Wrong With This Picture? And What's Very Right With the Other Ones? They Do Things a Bit Differently In Switzerland". 15 August 2020. see 20th comment down from 8-15-20 5:59 pm.
  24. ^ "Redevelopment of former Vauxhall site given the go-ahead". Luton Today. 8 Jan 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  25. ^ Dinero (2 May 2017). "General Motors concreta el cierre de sus operaciones en Venezuela". General Motors cierra operaciones en Venezuela.
  26. ^ "General Motors suspende operaciones en Venezuela tras el embargo de una planta". El País. 21 April 2017 – via elpais.com.
  27. ^ "General Motors inicia cierre de operaciones en Venezuela". El Comercio. 2 May 2017.
  28. ^ "GM revived Warren plant for face mask production. What happens when demand slows?".
  29. ^ Stafford, Katrease (April 2, 2013). "GM Willow Run plant redevelopment: Aircraft maintenance firm buys 1 building". AnnArbor.com. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  30. ^ "GM Closing Wixom Performance Engine Facility, Build-Your-Own-Engine Program Ends". 20 September 2013.