Lisch nodule
| Lisch nodule | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Iris hamartoma |
 | |
| Lisch nodules on surface of iris | |
Lisch nodule, also known as iris hamartoma, is a pigmented hamartomatous nodular aggregate of dendritic melanocytes affecting the iris,[1] named after Austrian ophthalmologist Karl Lisch (1907–1999), who first recognized them in 1937.[2]
The first published use of the term Lisch nodule was in the New England Journal of Medicine "Medical Progress" series article of December 31, 1981 (Riccardi VM: Von Recklinghausen Neurofibromatosis. N Engl J Med 1981;305:1617–27).
These nodules are found in neurofibromatosis type 1, and are present in greater than 94% of patients over the age of six.[1] They are clear, yellow-brown,[3] oval to round, dome-shaped papules that project from the surface of the iris. These nodules typically do not affect vision, but are very useful in diagnosis.[1] They are detected by slit lamp examination.[3] Immunohistochemistry stains positive against the proteins vimentin and S-100, and points to an ectodermal origin for the nodules.[2] Their precise origin and structure, however, are still under investigation.[3] They can rarely be seen in neurofibromatosis type 2.[4]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Fausto, Nelso; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K.; Cotran, Ramzi S. (2005), Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (7th ed.), Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, p. 169, ISBN 0-7216-0187-1
- ^ a b Lukacs, Andreas; Junk, Anna K.; Fritz, Stefani H.; Kampik, Anselm; Georg, Schirren Carl; Plewig, Gerd (1997), "Lisch nodules. Markers of neurofibromatosis 1 and immunohistochemical references for neuroectodermal differentiation", Hautarzt, 48 (1): 38–41, doi:10.1007/s001050050544, PMID 9132386, S2CID 26116325
- ^ a b c Richetta, A.; Giustini, A.; Recupero, S. M.; Pezza, M.; Carlomagno, C.; Amoruso, G.; Calvieri, S. (2004), "Lisch nodules of the iris in neurofibromatosis type 1", Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 18 (3): 342–4, doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00915.x, PMID 15096151, S2CID 25745030
- ^ Charles, S. J.; Moore, A. T.; Yates, J. R.; Ferguson-Smith, M. A. (1989). "Lisch Nodules in Neurofibromatosis Type 2". Archives of Ophthalmology. 107 (11): 1571–1572. doi:10.1001/archopht.1989.01070020649012. PMID 2510706.