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Laura, Queensland

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Laura
Queensland
Laura Railway Station, 1896
Laura is located in Queensland
Laura
Laura
Coordinates15°33′27″S 144°26′47″E / 15.5576°S 144.4463°E / -15.5576; 144.4463 (Laura (town centre))
Population133 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density0.01714/km2 (0.04440/sq mi)
Postcode(s)4871
Area7,757.7 km2 (2,995.3 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)Shire of Cook
State electorate(s)Cook
Federal division(s)Leichhardt
Localities around Laura:
Yarraden Lakefield Cooktown
Dixie Laura Lakeland
Palmer Palmer Lakeland
Judges' stand. 1st Laura Dance Festival, June, 2009

Laura is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia.[2][3] In the 2021 census, the locality of Laura had a population of 133 people.[1]

It is the centre for the largest collection of prehistoric rock art in the world, including Quinkan Country which is on the Australian National Heritage List.[4]

Geography

The locality of Laura is on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland. The town of Laura is on the Peninsula Developmental Road, the only road that extends towards the north of the peninsula, terminating at Weipa.[5]

Laura is only a few kilometres from the southern entrance to Rinyirru National Park (in neighbouring Lakefield).[5]

Quinkan Reserve 1 (also known as East Quinkan Reserve) is a protected area for the rock art in the south of the locality (15°49′00″S 144°25′00″E / 15.8166°S 144.4166°E / -15.8166; 144.4166 (Quinkan Reserve 1)).[6] Quinkan Reserve 2 (also known as West Quinkan Reserve) is a protected area for the rock art in the east of the locality (15°37′00″S 144°43′00″E / 15.6166°S 144.7166°E / -15.6166; 144.7166 (Quinkan Reserve 2)).[7][8]

Apart from the rock art reserves, the land use is predominantly grazing on native vegetation.[5]

History

Aboriginal people have made their home in the Laura River valley for at least 50,000 years. In the wet season, they would camp under rock shelters on the high ground. This is where their rock art can be found. The area was on the borders of Kokowara and Kokojawa lands.[citation needed]

Guugu Yimithirr (also known as Koko Yindjir, Gugu Yimidhirr, Guguyimidjir) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Hope Vale and the Cooktown area. The language region includes the local government area of the Aboriginal Shire of Hope Vale and the Shire of Cook, particularly the localities of Cape Bedford, Battle Camp (in Laura) and sections of the Normanby River and Annan River.[9]

Kuku-Thaypan (also known as Gugu Dhayban, Kuku Taipan, Thaypan) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Hann River, Laura and Musgrave River and on Mornington Island, within the local government boundaries of the Cook Shire.[10]

Some of the earliest pastoral leases on Cape York Peninsula were taken up in the Laura district. However, the town of Laura did not develop until the discovery of gold on the Palmer River.[citation needed]

The town takes its name from the Laura River, which in turn was named in 1873 by explorer and surveyor Archibald Campbell Macmillan after his wife Laura Bower (née Poingdestre).[2]

In 1873 gold was discovered on the Palmer River. Travellers coming from Cooktown to the Palmer Goldfields would cross the Laura River at Laura. This was a very violent period, as local aboriginal clans waged a war of resistance against encroachment on and usurpation of their lands.[11] A Native Mounted Police camp was established near the Lower Laura crossing to protect travellers.[12]

Maytown State School opened circa 1877 and closed in 1917. It reopened in 1924 and closed in 1925.[13]

During the gold boom a railway line was planned between Cooktown and the Palmer gold fields. By 1888 the Cooktown to Laura Railway had been built as far as Laura.[citation needed]

Laura Post Office opened on 8 October 1888.[14]

Laura Provisional School opened on 19 March 1889 and closed in 1903.[13][15][16]

The railway was extended towards the Palmer gold fields with an impressive bridge over the Laura River opened, to great fanfare, in 1891. However, since the Palmer gold fields were in decline, a new Queensland Government decided to abandon the project. Only one train ever crossed the bridge - the train that ran on the day that it opened. In 1903 the Queensland Government closed the railway line, but the Cook Shire Council leased it and operated it until 1904 when the Queensland Government decided to continue its operation of the line.[citation needed]

Following the relocation of the Endeavour River No 1 Provisional School building to the town, it reopened on 28 February 1919 as Laura Provisional School, which operated on a part-time basis with Endeavour River No 2 Provisional School and Endeavour River No 3 Provisional School (meaning one teacher was being shared by three schools). However it did not attract any enrolments and so closed on 31 March 1919. The school building was moved again and reopened as Flaggy Provisional School in conjunction with Endeavour River No 2 and No 3 schools.[13]

The rail line contributed to the growth of Laura. It was used by miners and by peninsula cattle properties. The railway finally closed in 1961.[citation needed]

It was during the 1960s that Quinkan rock art galleries were reported by Percy Trezise, an airline pilot who surveyed the area from the air for likely sites and later walked in to rediscover them.

The current Laura State School opened on 31 January 1968.[13]

Demographics

In the 2006 census, the locality of Laura and the surrounding area had a population of 225 people.[17]

In the 2011 census, the locality of Laura had a population of 80 people.[18]

In the 2016 census, the locality of Laura had a population of 228 people.[19]

In the 2021 census, the locality of Laura had a population of 133 people.[1]

Heritage listings

Laura has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Education

Laura State School is a government primary (Early Childhood-6) school for boys and girls at Terminus Street (15°33′27″S 144°26′49″E / 15.5575°S 144.4469°E / -15.5575; 144.4469 (Laura State School)).[21][15] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 7 students with 2 teachers and 6 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent).[22]

There is no secondary school in Laura. The nearest secondary school is Cooktown State School (to Year 12) in neighbouring Cooktown to the east.[5] However, only some parts of the locality are sufficiently close to enable students to commute to school in Cooktown; distance education and boarding schools would be alternatives.

Attractions

Some of the world's most extensive and ancient rock painting galleries surround the town of Laura, some of which are available for public viewing. Laura has an Interpretive Centre from which information on the rock art and local Aboriginal culture is available and tours can be arranged.[23]

It also forms the northern apex of the "Scenic Triangle" between Cooktown, Lakeland, and Laura.

Events

The Ang-Gnarra Aboriginal Corporation[24] is the trustee of the traditional land situated in and around the township of Laura on Cape York Peninsula, who host the Laura Quinkan Dance Festival.[25] A biennial, three day event for communities gathering to celebrate traditional Indigenous music, dance, crafts and stories.

This Laura Quinkan Dance Festival began in the early 1980s and is known as one of the longest running Aboriginal cultural festival in Australia.

In 2009 Tom George[26] an elder of the Kuku Thaypan clan, presented his history and role in establishing the Laura Dance Festival, the traditional weaving[27] exchange occurred at the Laura festival by the Erub Island and Hopevale communities and photographs.

References

  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Laura (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 February 2023. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ a b "Laura – town in Shire of Cook (entry 19042)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  3. ^ "Laura – locality in Shire of Cook (entry 46132)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Quinkan Country". Australian National Heritage List. Department of Environment and Energy. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  6. ^ "Quinkan Reserve 1 – reserve in Shire of Cook (entry 27837)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  7. ^ "Quinkan Reserve 2 – reserve in Shire of Cook (entry 27838)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  8. ^ "Quinkan Country National Heritage List - boundary map" (PDF). Australian Government. 3 October 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  9. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Guugu Yimithirr". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  10. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Indigenous Languages map of Queensland published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 30 January 2020.
  11. ^ Noelene Cole, 'Battle Camp to Boralga: a local study of colonial war on Cape York Peninsula, 1873-1894,' Archived 8 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Aboriginal History 2004, Vol. 28, pp 156–189.
  12. ^ Cole, 2004 p.171:'Native Mounted Police detachments could be commissioned as escorts or to protect travellers 'who had a reasonable claim'. However, the core duty was to conduct 'bush patrols' to contain Aborigines. These forays were often in response to settler complaints of 'depredations' in which case Aborigines were vigorously pursued, sometimes over long distances, and 'dispersed', ie shot.'
  13. ^ a b c d Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  14. ^ Phoenix Auctions History. "Post Office List". Phoenix Auctions Auctions. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  15. ^ a b "Laura State School". Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  16. ^ "Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools". Queensland Government. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  17. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Laura (Cook Shire) (State Suburb)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  18. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Laura". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 1 June 2016. Edit this at Wikidata
  19. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Laura (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018. Edit this at Wikidata
  20. ^ "Laura to Maytown Coach Road (entry 600427)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  21. ^ "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  22. ^ "ACARA School Profile 2018". Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  23. ^ "Ang-Gnarra Aboriginal Corporation". Our Art Our Quinkan - Rock Art Paintings. 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  24. ^ "Ang-Gnarra Corporation". Ang-Gnarra Corporation - Home Page. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  25. ^ "Ang-Gnarra Corporation". Laura Quinkan Dance Festival. 18 May 2022.
  26. ^ State Library of Queensland. "Storylines - Q150 digital stories". Tommy George - Video. hdl:10462/mp4/223. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  27. ^ State Library of Queensland. "27281 Weaving Exchange: Erub Island and Hopevale 2009". Weaving Exchange: Erub Island and Hopevale. Retrieved 18 May 2022.

Further reading

  • Pike, Glenville. 1979. Queen of the North: A Pictorial History of Cooktown and Cape York Peninsula. G. Pike. ISBN 0-9598960-5-8.
  • Trezise, P.J. 1969. Quinkan Country: Adventures in Search of Aboriginal Cave Paintings in Cape York. A.H. & A.W. Reed, Sydney.
  • Trezise, P.J. 1993. Dream Road: A Journey of Discovery. Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, Sydney.
  • Premier's Department (prepared by Connell Wagner). 1989. Cape York Peninsula Resource Analysis. Cairns. (1989). ISBN 0-7242-7008-6
  • Roth, W.E. 1897. The Queensland Aborigines. 3 Vols. Reprint: Facsimile Edition, Hesperian Press, Victoria Park, W.A., 1984. ISBN 0-85905-054-8
  • Ryan, Michelle and Burwell, Colin, eds. 2000. Wildlife of Tropical North Queensland: Cooktown to Mackay. Queensland Museum, Brisbane. ISBN 0-85905-045-9 (set of 3 vols).
  • Scarth-Johnson, Vera. 2000. National Treasures: Flowering plants of Cooktown and Northern Australia. Vera Scarth-Johnson Gallery Association, Cooktown. ISBN 0-646-39726-5 (pbk); ISBN 0-646-39725-7 Limited Edition - Leather Bound.
  • Sutton, Peter (ed). Languages of Cape York: Papers presented to a Symposium organised by the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra. (1976). ISBN 0-85575-046-4
  • Wynter, Jo and Hill, John. 1991. Cape York Peninsula: Pathways to Community Economic Development. The Final Report of The Community Economic Development Projects Cook Shire. Cook Shire Council.
  • Laura: A shared history of a river and a town. Cook Shire pamphlet.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura,_Queensland