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Kamchatka Krai

Kamchatka Krai
Krai
Камчатский край
Flag of Kamchatka Krai
Flag
Coat of arms of Kamchatka Krai
Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Kamchatka Krai
[3]
Coordinates: 56°00′N 159°00′E / 56.000°N 159.000°E / 56.000; 159.000
CountryRussia
Federal districtFar Eastern[1]
Economic regionFar Eastern[2]
Administrative centerPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Government
 • BodyLegislative Assembly[4]
 • Governor[4]Vladimir Solodov[5]
Area
[6]
 • Total
464,275 km2 (179,258 sq mi)
 • Rank10th
Population
 (2021 census)[7]
 • Total
291,705
 • Estimate 
(2018)[8]
315,557
 • Rank77th
 • Density0.63/km2 (1.6/sq mi)
 • Urban
77.8%
 • Rural
22.2%
Time zoneUTC+12 (MSK+9 Edit this on Wikidata[9])
ISO 3166 codeRU-KAM
License plates41, 82
OKTMO ID30000000
Official languagesRussian[10]
Websitehttps://www.kamgov.ru/

Kamchatka Krai (Russian: Камча́тский край, romanized: Kamchatskiy kray, IPA: [kɐmˈtɕatskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), situated in the Russian Far East. It is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Its administrative center and largest city is Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Russian: Петропавловск-Камчатский, romanized: Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), home to over half of its population of 291,705 (2021 census).[12]

Kamchatka Krai was formed on 1 July 2007, as a result of the merger of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Autonomous Okrug, based on the voting in a referendum on the issue on 23 October 2005. The okrug retains the status of a special administrative division of the krai, under the name of Koryak Okrug.

The Kamchatka Peninsula forms the majority of the krai's territory, separating the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea in the Pacific Ocean. The remainder is formed by a minor northern mainland portion, Karaginsky Island, and the Commander Islands in the Bering Sea. It is bordered by Magadan Oblast to the west and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug to the north. Kamchatka Krai is an active volcanic zone that is home to Kluchevskaya, the highest active volcano in Eurasia, and the Decade Volcanoes of Avachinsky and Koryaksky.

Geography

Kamchatka Krai occupies the territory of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the adjacent part of the mainland, the island Karaginsky and the Commander Islands. It is bounded to the east by the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean (a coastline of more than 2,000 kilometers (1,200 mi)) and to the west by the Okhotsk Sea (a coastline of approximately 2,000 km (1,200 mi)).

Mountain ranges: Sredinny Range (about 900 km (560 mi) long), Eastern Range (about 600 km (370 mi) long), and the Koryak Mountains, with the Ukelayat Range, Vetvey Range, Penzhinsky, Pahachinsky, Pylgin, and Olyutor ranges. Heights: Khuvkhoitun (2,613 m (8,573 ft)), Ledyanaya (2,562 m (8,406 ft)), Acute (2,552 m (8,373 ft)), Shishel (2,531 m (8,304 ft)), Tylele volcano (2,234 m (7,329 ft)).

The longest rivers are the Vyvenka, Penzhina, Talovka, Lakhacha, Apuka, Kamchatka, and Ukelayat. The largest freshwater lakes are Kronotskoye, Talovskoye, and Palanskoye.

Peninsulas: Olyutor Peninsula, Gavena Peninsula, Ilpinsky Peninsula, Ozernoy Peninsula, Kamchatskiy Peninsula, Shipunskiy Peninsula [ru], and the Yelistratova Peninsula.

Islands (NW-NE going clockwise): Verkhoturov Island, Karaginsky Island, the Commander Islands, Ptichy Island (Kamchatka Krai), Konus Island, Zubchaty Island, Rovny Island, Dobrzhanskogo Island, Vtoroy Island, Krayniy Island and Trety Island. Despite their proximity, the Kuril Islands are not part of Kamchatka Krai, falling instead under Sakhalin Oblast.

Kamchatka is located in a zone of volcanic activity, around 300 large and medium-sized volcanoes are located within its borders, 29 of which are active. This includes the largest volcano in Eurasia, Mount Kluchevskaya (altitude 4,750 m (15,580 ft)). Kamchatka's latitude is similar to that of Scotland, but its climate is rated as subarctic. Its also prone to monsoons, sweeping in from the Pacific Ocean.

Nature

Lake Kronotskoye
Kambalny stratovolcano
Koryaksky volcano
Koryaksky volcano towering over Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

Most of the peninsula is covered with forests of stone birch, while alder and cedar elfin are commonly found at higher altitudes. In central areas, especially in the Kamchatka River valley, widespread forests of larch and spruce can be found. In floodplains, forests grow with fragrant poplar, alder, Salix arbutifolia, and Sakhalin willow. In the second tier, undergrowth such as the common hawthorn, Asian cherry, Kamchatka rowan, and shrubs growing Kamchatka elderberries, Kamchatka honeysuckle, meadowsweet, willow shrubs, and many other species.

More than 14.5% of the territory of the Kamchatka Territory is specially protected. There are six protected areas of federal significance (three-state reserves, one federal reserve "South Kamchatka," two spa areas – "Resort Paratunka," "Malkinskie mineral waters"); four natural parks of regional significance ("Nalychevo," "Bystrinsky," "South Kamchatka," "Kluchevskoy"); 22 reserves of regional importance; 116 monuments of nature; four protected areas (landscape natural park "Blue Lake," Southwest and Tundra Sobolewski reserves).

Kronotsky Nature Reserve is a nature area reserved for the study of natural sciences in the remote Russian Far East, on the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula.[13] It was created in 1934 and its current boundary contains an area of 10,990 km2 (4,240 sq mi).[13] It also has Russia's only geyser basin, plus several mountain ranges with numerous volcanoes, both active and extinct. Due to its often harsh climate and its mix of volcanoes and geysers, it is frequently described as the "Land of Fire and Ice".[14]

It is mainly accessible only to scientists, plus approximately 3,000 tourists annually who pay a fee equivalent to US$700 to travel by helicopter for a single day's visit.[14] Kronotsky Nature Reserve has been proclaimed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.[15]

Climate

Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Kamchatka Russia[16][17][18][19][20]
City July (°C) July (°F) January (°C) January (°F)
Klyuchi 20.7/11.1 69/52 -12.9/-20.4 9/-5
Kamenskoye 19.1/8.8 66/48 −20.8/−28.2 -5/-19
Ossora 16.4/9.3 62/49 −11/−20.1 12/−4
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 16.5/10 62/50 −4.4/−9.2 24/15
Bering Island 10.7/7.7 51/46 −2/−5.5 28/22

Legislative assembly

The legislative assembly was formed in 2007 after the merger of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Autonomous Okrug. It therefore replaced the Council of People's Deputies of Kamchatka Oblast (1997–2007) and the Duma of Koryak Autonomous Okrug (1994–2007).

The Chairman of the Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai is the presiding officer of that legislature:[21]

Name Took office Left office
Boris Aleksandrovich Nevzorov 2007 2011
Valery Fedorovich Raenko 2011 2021

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Kamchatka Krai

Economy

The main industries in Kamchatka include fishing and forestry. Coal and other raw materials are extracted. Due to its geographical location near major shipping routes, it is a center for shipbuilding, ship repair, and related services.[22] There are also oil and mineral resources which are yet to be fully developed.[23]

The largest companies in the region include Kamchatskenergo (power distribution company with revenues of $257.1 million in 2017), Oceanrybflot (fishing company, $248.53 million), Morskoy Trast ($197.11 million), Amethystvoye Mining and Processing Combine (gold mine, part of Renova Group, $171.4 million).[24]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
192634,958—    
1939109,300+212.7%
1959220,753+102.0%
1970287,612+30.3%
1979378,491+31.6%
1989466,096+23.1%
2002358,801−23.0%
2010322,079−10.2%
2021291,705−9.4%
Source: Census data

Population: 291,705 (2021 Census);[12] 322,079 (2010 Census);[25] 358,801 (2002 Census);[26] 466,096 (1989 Soviet census).[27]

Vital statistics for 2022:[28][29]

  • Births: 2,992 (9.6 per 1,000)
  • Deaths: 3,845 (12.3 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):[30]
1.63 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):[31]
Total — 68.09 years (male — 63.76, female — 72.93)

Ethnic composition

See also: Ainu in Russia

There were 110 recognized ethnic groups in the krai as of 2021. Indigenous peoples made up only 5% of the total population.[32]

Ethnicity Population Percentage
Russians 233,198 88.3%
Koryaks 6,413 2.4%
Ukrainians 3,873 1.5%
Itelmens 1,910 0.7%
Evens 1,777 0.7%
Uzbeks 1,706 0.6%
Kyrgyz 1,407 0.5%
Tatars 1,351 0.5%
Kamchadals 1,311 0.5%
Chukchi 1,222 0.5%
Others 9,934 3.8%
  • 27,603 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[33]

Religion

Religion in Kamchatka Krai as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[34][35]
Russian Orthodoxy
 
 31.2%
Other Orthodox
 
 0.8%
Protestantism
 
 0.6%
Other Christians
 
 5.2%
Islam
 
 1.2%
Rodnovery and other native faiths
 
 2.4%
Spiritual but not religious
 
 22.8%
Atheism and irreligion
 
 21.0%
Other and undeclared
 
 14.8%

According to a 2012 survey,[34] 31.2% of the population of Kamchatka adhere to the Russian Orthodox Church, 4.4% are unaffiliated Christians, 0.8% are Orthodox Christians who do not belong to the Russian Orthodox Church. Two percent of the population adhere to the Slavic native faith or Siberian shamanism, 1.2% to Islam, 0.6% to forms of Protestantism, and 0.4% to Hinduism. In addition, 22.8% of the population declare themselves to be spiritual but not religious, 21% are atheist, and 14.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[34]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Law #397
  4. ^ a b Charter of Kamchatka Krai, Article 13
  5. ^ Official website of Kamchatka Krai. Vladimir Viktorovich Solodov, Acting Governor of Kamchatka Krai (in Russian)
  6. ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  7. ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  8. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  9. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  10. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  11. ^ Law #2-FKZ, Article 4
  12. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  13. ^ a b Encyclopædia Britannica (2009) Kronotsky Nature Reserve Archived 25 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 12 March 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online
  14. ^ a b Quammen, David (2009) Fragile Russian Wilderness: The Kronotsky Nature Reserve Is Best Appreciated From Afar Archived 16 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, National Geographic, p.62, January 2009, Vol. 215, No.1
  15. ^ Wild Russia: Centre For Nature Conservation website Archived 7 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 11 March 2009
  16. ^ "CLIMATE Klyuchi". pogodaiklimat.ru. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  17. ^ "CLIMATE Kamenskoie". pogodaikilmat.ru. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  18. ^ "CLIMATE Ossora". pogodaiklimat.ru. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  19. ^ "CLIMATE Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky". pogodaiklimat.ru. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  20. ^ "CLIMATE Bering Ostrovie". pogodaiklimat.ru. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  21. ^ Законодательное собрание Камчатского края
  22. ^ "Kamchatka Region". Kommersant. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  23. ^ Rahr, III, Guido. "Bountiful Breed". PBS. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  24. ^ Выписки ЕГРЮЛ и ЕГРИП, проверка контрагентов, ИНН и КПП организаций, реквизиты ИП и ООО. СБИС (in Russian). Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  25. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  26. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  27. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  28. ^ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  29. ^ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  30. ^ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  31. ^ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  32. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  33. ^ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  34. ^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia" Archived 22 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Sreda, 2012.
  35. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27 August 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2017. Archived.

Sources

  • Законодательное Собрание Камчатского края. Закон №397 от 5 марта 2010 г. «О гимне Камчатского края», в ред. Закона №524 от 23 сентября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 4 Закона Камчатского края "О гимне Камчатского края"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования с учётом положений части 2. Опубликован: "Официальные ведомости", №55–57, 18 марта 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai. Law #397 of 5 March 2010 On the Anthem of Kamchatka Krai, as amended by the Law #524 of 23 September 2014 On Amending Article 4 of the Law of Kamchatka Krai "On the Anthem of Kamchatka Krai". Effective as of the day of the official publication, after accounting for the clauses of Part 2.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Камчатского края. Постановление №326 от 4 декабря 2008 г. «Устав Камчатского края», в ред. Закона №715 от 7 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении поправок в Устав Камчатского края». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Официальные Ведомости", №199–200, 11 декабря 2008 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai. Resolution #326 of December 4, 2008 Charter of Kamchatka Krai, as amended by the Law #715 of December 7, 2015 On Amending the Charter of Kamchatka Krai. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
  • Государственная Дума Российской Федерации. Федеральный конституционный закон №2-ФКЗ от 12 июля 2006 г. «Об образовании в составе Российской Федерации нового субъекта Российской Федерации в результате объединения Камчатской области и Корякского автономного округа». (State Duma of the Russian Federation. Federal Constitutional Law #2-FKZ of 12 July 2006 On Establishing Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Autonomous Okrug. ).


Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai