Juan Cárdenas may refer to:

• Juan de Cárdenas [es; la] (1563–1609), Spanish physician and scientist who worked in New Spain
• Juan Cárdenas (Jesuit) (1613–1684), Spanish theologian and author
• Juan Francisco de Cárdenas (1881–1966), Spanish diplomat
• Juan Cárdenas Arroyo (1939–2024), Colombian painter
• Juan Cárdenas Espinoza [es] (born 1949), Ecuadorian politician, governor of Cañar
• Juan Cárdenas (writer) (born 1978), Colombian writer and translator