John Abercrombie or Abercromby may refer to:

• John Abercrombie (guitarist) (1944–2017), American jazz guitarist
• John Abercrombie (congressman) (1866–1940), President of the University of Alabama and United States Representative from Alabama
• John Abercromby, 5th Baron Abercromby (1841–1924), Scottish antiquary
• John Abercrombie (cricketer) (1817–1892), English cricketer
• John Joseph Abercrombie (1798–1877), US Army Civil War brigadier general
• John Abercrombie (physician) (1780–1844), Scottish physician and philosopher
• John Abercrombie (horticulturalist) (1726–1806), Scottish horticulturalist and writer
• John Abercromby (monk) (fl. 1561), 16th-century Roman Catholic martyr, maybe fictitious
• Sir John Abercromby (British Army officer) (1772–1817), British general and politician