James Dougherty or Jim Dougherty may refer to:

• Jim Dougherty (baseball) (born 1968), Major League Baseball pitcher
• Jim Dougherty (footballer) (1878–1944), English footballer
• James Dougherty (Medal of Honor) (1839–1897), U.S. Marine and Medal of Honor recipient
• Sir James Dougherty (civil servant) (1844–1934), Member of Parliament for Londonderry City, 1914–1918
• James Dougherty (police officer) (1921–2005), first husband of Marilyn Monroe
• Jimmie Dougherty (born 1978), American football coach and former player
• James Witt Dougherty (1813–1879), Californian politician, rancher, and landowner

• James Doherty (disambiguation)
• James Daugherty (1889–1974), American modernist painter