Jhangar phase
| Bronze Age |
|---|
| ↑ Chalcolithic |
| ↓ Iron Age |
The Jhangar phase was an archaeological culture, named after the type site Jhangar, that followed the Jhukar phase of the Late Harappan culture in Sindh (i.e., the Lower Indus Valley).[1]
Jhukar and Jhangar phases are collectively called Jhukar and Jhangar culture (1900–1500 BCE). Cemetery H culture (subculture of Late Harrapan IVC phase) in Punjab was contemporaneous to Jhukar-Jhangar culture (subculture of Late Harrapan IVC phase) in Sindh, both have evidence of continuity and change.[2] Rangpur culture in Gujarat, also part of late phase of IVC, was also contemporaneous to both.
It is a non-urban culture, characterised by "crude handmade pottery" and "campsites of a population which was nomadic and mainly pastoralist," and is dated to approximately the late second millennium BCE and early first millennium BCE.[3] In Sindh, urban growth began again after approximately 500 BCE.[4]
See also
- Periodisation of the Indus Valley civilisation
- Ahar–Banas culture (3000 – 1500 BCE)
- Late Harappan phase of IVC (1900 – 1500 BCE)
- Cemetery H culture in Punjab
- Jhukar–Jhangar culture in Punjab
- Rangpur culture in Gujarat
- Vedic period
- Kuru Kingdom (1200 – c. 500 BCE)
- OCP (2000–1500 BCE)
- Copper Hoard culture (2800–1500 BCE), may or may not be independent of vedic culture
References
- ^ Langer, William L., ed. (1972). An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 17. ISBN 0-395-13592-3.
- ^ Upinder Singh, 2008, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th century, Pearson Education, p. 211.
- ^ F.R. Allchin (ed.), The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States (Cambridge University Press, 1995), p.36
- ^ J.M. Kenoyer (2006), "Cultures and Societies of the Indus Tradition. In Historical Roots" in the Making of ‘the Aryan’, R. Thapar (ed.), pp. 21–49. New Delhi, National Book Trust.