James S. Mitchell (1784–1844) was an American politician who served three terms as member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1827.

Mitchell was born near Rossville, Pennsylvania, in 1784. He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1812 to 1814.

Mitchell was elected as a Republican to the Seventeenth Congress, reelected as a Jackson Republican to the Eighteenth Congress, and elected as a Jacksonian to the Nineteenth Congress.

He moved to Jefferson County, Ohio, in 1827, and later to Belleville, Illinois, where he died in 1844. Interment at Dillsburg, Pennsylvania.

• United States Congress. "James S. Mitchell (id: M000816)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• The Political Graveyard