James Bruce (1730–1794) was a Scottish traveller and travel writer.

James Bruce may also refer to:

• James Bruce (bishop) (died 1447), Bishop of Dunkeld, Chancellor of Scotland and Bishop of Glasgow
• James Bruce (minister) (c. 1660–1730), Irish Presbyterian minister
• James Bruce (comptroller) (c. 1670 – c. 1732), Member of Parliament for Marlborough and joint comptroller of British Army accounts
• Sir James Bruce (Chief Justice) (1691–1749), Chief Justice of Barbados
• Sir James Bruce, 2nd Baronet (1788–1836), Irish soldier
• Jacob Bruce (1669–1735), or James Bruce, Russian field-marshal, founder of the Russian branch of the Scottish family
• James Bruce (1732–1791), Governor general of Saint Petersburg and last male member of the Russian branch
• James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin (1811–1863), Anglo-Scottish diplomat
• Sir James Andrew Thomas Bruce (1846–1921), Royal Navy admiral
• James Bruce (English cricketer) (born 1979), English cricketer
• James Bruce (Zimbabwean cricketer) (born 1993), Zimbabwean cricketer
• James Bruce (farmer) (1927–2013), Scottish farmer and forester
• James Bruce (1769–1798), Member of Parliament for Marlborough
• James E. Bruce (1927–2008), politician in the American state of Kentucky
• James Cabell Bruce (1892–1980), American businessman and banker, and U.S. ambassador to Argentina
• J. W. Bruce (James William Bruce, born 1952), British mathematician

• James Bruce Falls
• James Bruce Round Barn, Freeport, United States