Himalayan owl
| Himalayan owl | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Strigiformes |
| Family: | Strigidae |
| Genus: | Strix |
| Species: | S. nivicolum |
| Binomial name | |
| Strix nivicolum (Blyth, 1845) | |
The Himalayan owl (Strix nivicolum), also known as the Himalayan wood owl, is an owl of the forests of the Asia, from the Himalayas to Korea and Taiwan.[3]
Description
The Himalayan owl is a medium-sized owl with a rounded head without ear tufts. The head is mottled with grey, dark brown and light brown. The body is light brown with dark brown and yellow patches forming thin dark brown lines vertically on the owl’s breast. Flight feathers are dark brown with light brown spots towards their tips. Light brown and white horizontal lines form across their wings. Both sexes are morphologically similar. [4] The Himalayan owl was once considered a subspecies of the Tawny Owl (Strix aluco).
Diet
The owl is nocturnal and begins hunting at dusk, it perches in trees and uses its hearing to locate prey. It is a generalist species eating small mammals, birds, frogs and occasionally catching fish from the water. It has been found to primarily eat rodents, specifically shrews of the Crocidura genus and mice of the Micromys genus. [4]
Subspecies
The Himalayan owl has 3 recognized subspecies:
- S. nivicolum nivicolum (Blyth, 1845) is distributed from Nepal to Southeast China, Myanmar and Indochina. It was described by English zoologist Edward Blyth in 1845.[3]
- S. nivicolum ma (Clark, 1907) is distributed in Northeastern China and Korea. It was first described by American zoologist A. H. Clark in Busan, Korea in 1907. [5][6]
- S. nivicolum yamadae (Yamashina, 1936) - is located in the Alishan, Hsuehshan and Central mountain ranges of Taiwan.[7][8] It was described by Japanese ornithologist Yoshimaru Yamashina in 1936. [9]
Nivicolum subspecies
The Nivicolum subspecies is found around the Himalayas. Its habitat spans across Northern Pakistan, Northern India, Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal and Northern Myanmar.[3] The species is known to inhabit these areas, however it is difficult to observe. [10] It was formerly known as the Bengal tawny owl (Syrnium aluco nivicolum). The wingspan is larger, ranging from 282 to 312mm.[11]
Ma subspecies
The Ma subspecies is found in the Northeastern Hebei, Jinan and Shandong provinces of China and on the Korean peninsula. The face is lightly outlined by a thin light brown ring. The body is lighter, ranging from grey to light brown. [4]
Yamadae subspecies
The Yamadae subspecies is the most researched and observed it is the smallest of the three. It differs from the others as its nape is dark yellow with black spots. The face is darker with black dots forming an outline around the face. The throat is white, the upper body is dark brown with yellow spots. The chest and abdomen are yellow and white with defined black horizontal stripes. The bill is bright yellow and the talons are dark yellow. The wingspan ranges from 256-282mm and tail length from 149-171mm.[4]
It is only found in Taiwan, it lives in the Alishan, Hsuehshan and Central mountain ranges from 1000m to 2500m in elevation. It most commonly occupies valley and near-plateau forests composed of oak and conifers.[4]
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Strix nivicolum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22725477A94893250. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725477A94893250.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ a b c "Strix nivicolum (Blyth, 1845)". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "灰林鹗 Srix Aluco Linnaeus" (PDF). Institute of Zoology: Chinese Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
- ^ "Syrnium nivicolum". Richmond Index -- Infragenic. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
- ^ "Strix nivicolum subsp. ma (A.H.Clark, 1907)". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
- ^ "Strix nivicolum subsp. yamadae Yamashina, 1936". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
- ^ Wilcox, T.; Mueller, K.; Upton, P.; Chen, Y. G.; Huang, S. T.; Yanites, B. J.; Tucker, G. (August 2011). "Linking Taiwan's subcritical Hsuehshan Range topography and foreland basin architecture". Tectonics. 30 (4). Bibcode:2011Tecto..30.4011W. doi:10.1029/2010TC002825. hdl:2027.42/95204. ISSN 0278-7407.
- ^ Beolens, Bo (2020). The Eponym Dictionary of Birds. Bloomsberry Publishing Plc. p. 614. ISBN 978-1-4729-0574-1.
- ^ Dixit, Soham; Joshi, Viral; Barve, Sahas (2016-04-17). "Bird diversity of the Amrutganga Valley, Kedarnath, Uttarakhand, India with an emphasis on the elevational distribution of species". Check List. 12 (2): 1874. doi:10.15560/12.2.1874. ISSN 1809-127X.
- ^ Yamashina, Y. (1936). "A New Subspecies of Owl from Formosa". Japanese Journal of Ornithology. 9 (43): 220–221. doi:10.3838/jjo1915.9.220.
- Rasmussen, P.C., and J.C. Anderton. 2005. Birds of South Asia. The Ripley guide. Volume 2: attributes and status. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, Washington D.C. and Barcelona.