Heteropoda
| Heteropoda Temporal range: | |
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| Heteropoda maxima | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Sparassidae |
| Genus: | Heteropoda Latreille, 1804 |
| Species | |
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189 accepted species; see text. | |
Heteropoda is a genus of spiders in the family Sparassidae (the huntsman spiders). They are mainly distributed in tropical Asia and Australia, while at least one species, H. venatoria, has a cosmopolitan distribution,[1] and H. variegata occurs in the Mediterranean.[2]
These spiders catch and eat insects, but in a laboratory study one species readily ate fish and tadpoles when offered.[1] H. venatoria has also been known to eat scorpions and bats.[3]
The largest species in the genus, H. maxima, is about 4.6 centimeters long but has a legspan of up to 30 centimeters, making it the largest of any extant spider.[4]
Species
As of August 2022, there were 189 species in the genus, after series of revisions.[5][6]
- Heteropoda acuta Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda aemulans Bayer & Jäger, 2009 — Laos
- Heteropoda afghana Roewer, 1962 — Afghanistan, Pakistan, India
- Heteropoda alta Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda altithorax Strand, 1907 — India
- Heteropoda altmannae Jäger, 2008 — Vietnam
- Heteropoda amphora Fox, 1936 — China, Hong Kong
- Heteropoda analis Thorell, 1881 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda armillata (Thorell, 1887) — Myanmar, Sumatra
- Heteropoda atollicola Pocock, 1904 — Maldive Islands
- Heteropoda atriventris Chrysanthus, 1965 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda badiella Roewer, 1951 — Moluccas
- Heteropoda bellendenker Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda belua Jäger, 2005 — Borneo
- Heteropoda beroni Jäger, 2005 — Sulawesi
- Heteropoda bhaikakai Patel & Patel, 1973 — India
- Heteropoda binnaburra Davies, 1994 — Queensland, New South Wales
- Heteropoda boiei (Doleschall, 1859) — Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java
- Heteropoda bonthainensis Merian, 1911 — Sulawesi
- Heteropoda borneensis (Thorell, 1890) — Borneo
- Heteropoda boutani (Simon, 1906) — Vietnam
- Heteropoda bulburin Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda camelia Strand, 1914 — Colombia
- Heteropoda cavernicola Davies, 1994 — Western Australia
- Heteropoda cece Jäger, 2014 — Borneo
- Heteropoda cervina (L. Koch, 1875) — Queensland
- Heteropoda chelata (Strand, 1911) — New Guinea
- Heteropoda chelata vittichelis (Strand, 1911) — New Guinea
- Heteropoda chengbuensis Wang, 1990 — China
- Heteropoda christae Jäger, 2008 — Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra
- Heteropoda conwayensis Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda cooki Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda cooloola Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda crassa Simon, 1880 — Java
- Heteropoda crediton Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda cyanichelis Strand, 1907 — Java
- Heteropoda cyanognatha Thorell, 1881 — Yule Islands
- Heteropoda cyperusiria Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
- Heteropoda dagmarae Jäger & Vedel, 2005 — Laos, Thailand
- Heteropoda dasyurina (Hogg, 1914) — New Guinea
- Heteropoda davidbowie Jäger, 2008 — Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra
- Heteropoda debilis (L. Koch, 1875) — Samoa
- Heteropoda distincta Davies, 1994 — Queensland, New South Wales
- Heteropoda duan Jäger, 2008 — Borneo
- Heteropoda duo Jäger, 2008 — Borneo
- Heteropoda elatana Strand, 1911 — Aru Islands, Kei Islands
- Heteropoda eluta Karsch, 1891 — Sri Lanka
- Heteropoda emarginativulva Strand, 1907 — India
- Heteropoda ernstulrichi Jäger, 2008 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda erythra Chrysanthus, 1965 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda eungella Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda fabrei Simon, 1885 — India
- Heteropoda fischeri Jäger, 2005 — India
- Heteropoda flavocephala Merian, 1911 — Sulawesi
- Heteropoda furva Thorell, 1890 — Malaysia
- Heteropoda garciai Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
- Heteropoda gemella Simon, 1877 — Philippines
- Heteropoda goonaneman Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda gordonensis Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda gourae Monga, Sadana & Singh, 1988 — India
- Heteropoda grooteeylandt Davies, 1994 — Northern Territory
- Heteropoda gyirongensis Hu & Li, 1987 — China
- Heteropoda hampsoni Pocock, 1901 — India
- Heteropoda helge Jäger, 2008 — China
- Heteropoda hermitis (Hogg, 1914) — Western Australia
- Heteropoda hildebrandti Jäger, 2008 — Molucca Islands
- Heteropoda hillerae Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda hippie Jäger, 2008 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda hirsti Jäger, 2008 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda holoventris Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda homstu Jäger, 2008 — Sumatra, Java, Borneo
- Heteropoda hosei Pocock, 1897 — Borneo
- Heteropoda hupingensis Peng & Yin, 2001 — China
- Heteropoda ignichelis (Simon, 1880) — Vietnam
- Heteropoda imbecilla Thorell, 1892 — Malaysia, Sumatra
- Heteropoda jacobii Strand, 1911 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda jaegerorum Jäger, 2008 — Singapore, Sumatra
- Heteropoda jasminae Jäger, 2008 — Vietnam
- Heteropoda javana (Simon, 1880) — Malaysia, Java, Sumatra
- Heteropoda jiangxiensis Li, 1991 — China
- Heteropoda jugulans (L. Koch, 1876) — Queensland
- Heteropoda kabaenae Strand, 1911 — Bismarck Archipel
- Heteropoda kalbarri Davies, 1994 — Western Australia
- Heteropoda kandiana Pocock, 1899 — India, Sri Lanka
- Heteropoda kuekenthali Pocock, 1897 — Moluccas
- Heteropoda kuluensis Sethi & Tikader, 1988 — India
- Heteropoda kusi Jäger, 2014 — Borneo
- Heteropoda laai Jäger, 2008 — Singapore, Sumatra
- Heteropoda languida Simon, 1887 — Myanmar
- Heteropoda lashbrooki (Hogg, 1922) — Vietnam
- Heteropoda lentula Pocock, 1901 — India
- Heteropoda leprosa Simon, 1884 — India, Myanmar, Malaysia
- Heteropoda leptoscelis Thorell, 1892 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda lindbergi Roewer, 1962 — Afghanistan
- Heteropoda listeri Pocock, 1900 — Christmas Islands
- Heteropoda loderstaedti Jäger, 2008 — Malaysia, Sumatra
- Heteropoda longipes (L. Koch, 1875) — New South Wales
- Heteropoda lunula (Doleschall, 1857) — India to Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Sumatra, Borneo
- Heteropoda luwuensis Merian, 1911 — Sulawesi
- Heteropoda malitiosa Simon, 1906 — India
- Heteropoda marillana Davies, 1994 — Western Australia
- Heteropoda martinae Jäger, 2008 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda martusa Jäger, 2000 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda maukin Jäger, 2014 — Borneo
- Heteropoda maxima Jäger, 2001 — Laos
- Heteropoda mecistopus Pocock, 1898 — Solomon Islands
- Heteropoda mediocris Simon, 1880 — Java, New Guinea
- Heteropoda meriani Jäger, 2008 — Sulawesi
- Heteropoda merkarensis Strand, 1907 — India
- Heteropoda meticulosa Simon, 1880 — Peru
- Heteropoda minahassae Merian, 1911 — Sulawesi
- Heteropoda mindiptanensis Chrysanthus, 1965 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda modiglianii Thorell, 1890 — Java
- Heteropoda monroei Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda montana Thorell, 1890 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda monteithi Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda mossman Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda murina (Pocock, 1897) — Borneo
- Heteropoda muscicapa Strand, 1911 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda nagarigoon Davies, 1994 — Queensland, New South Wales
- Heteropoda natans Jäger, 2005 — Borneo
- Heteropoda nebulosa Thorell, 1890 — Malaysia
- Heteropoda nigriventer Pocock, 1897 — Sulawesi
- Heteropoda nilgirina Pocock, 1901 — India
- Heteropoda ninahagen Jäger, 2008 — Malaysia
- Heteropoda nirounensis (Simon, 1903) — India, Sumatra
- Heteropoda nobilis (L. Koch, 1875) — New Hebrides, Australia, Polynesia
- Heteropoda novaguineensis Strand, 1911 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda nyalama Hu & Li, 1987 — China
- Heteropoda obe Jäger, 2014 — Sulawesi
- Heteropoda obtusa Thorell, 1890 — Borneo
- Heteropoda ocyalina (Simon, 1887) — Java, Sumatra
- Heteropoda onoi Jäger, 2008 — Vietnam
- Heteropoda opo Jäger, 2014 — Myanmar
- Heteropoda pakawini Jäger, 2008 — Thailand
- Heteropoda parva Jäger, 2000 — Malaysia, Sumatra
- Heteropoda pedata Strand, 1907 — India
- Heteropoda pedata magna Strand, 1909 — India
- Heteropoda pekkai Jäger, 2014 — Bhutan
- Heteropoda phasma Simon, 1897 — India
- Heteropoda pingtungensis Zhu & Tso, 2006 — China, Taiwan
- Heteropoda planiceps (Pocock, 1897) — Moluccas
- Heteropoda plebeja Thorell, 1887 — Myanmar
- Heteropoda pressula Simon, 1886 — Vietnam
- Heteropoda procera (L. Koch, 1867) — Queensland, New South Wales
- Heteropoda raveni Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda reinholdae Jäger, 2008 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda renibulbis Davies, 1994 — Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland
- Heteropoda richlingi Jäger, 2008 — Sumatra, Java
- Heteropoda robusta Fage, 1924 — India
- Heteropoda rosea Karsch, 1879 — Colombia
- Heteropoda rubra Chrysanthus, 1965 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda rundle Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda ruricola Thorell, 1881 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda sarotoides Järvi, 1914 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda sartrix (L. Koch, 1865) — Australia
- Heteropoda schlaginhaufeni Strand, 1911 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda schwalbachorum Jäger, 2008 — China
- Heteropoda schwendingeri Jäger, 2005 — Thailand
- Heteropoda sexpunctata Simon, 1885 — India, Malaysia
- Heteropoda signata Thorell, 1890 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda silvatica Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda simoneallmannae (Jäger, 2018) — Philippines (Palawan)
- Heteropoda simplex Jäger & Ono, 2000 — Laos, Ryukyu Islands
- Heteropoda speciosus (Pocock, 1898) — Solomon Islands
- Heteropoda spenceri Davies, 1994 — Northern Territory
- Heteropoda spinipes (Pocock, 1897) — Moluccas
- Heteropoda spurgeon Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda squamacea Wang, 1990 — China
- Heteropoda steineri Bayer & Jäger, 2009 — Laos
- Heteropoda strandi Jäger, 2002 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda strasseni Strand, 1915 — Java
- Heteropoda striata Merian, 1911 — Sulawesi
- Heteropoda striatipes (Leardi, 1902) — India
- Heteropoda submaculata Thorell, 1881 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda submaculata torricelliana Strand, 1911 — New Guinea
- Heteropoda subplebeia Strand, 1907 — India
- Heteropoda subtilis Karsch, 1891 — Sri Lanka
- Heteropoda sumatrana Thorell, 1890 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda sumatrana javacola Strand, 1907 — Java
- Heteropoda teranganica Strand, 1911 — Aru Islands
- Heteropoda tetrica Thorell, 1897 — China to Sumatra
- Heteropoda udolindenberg Jäger, 2008 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda uexkuelli Jäger, 2008 — Bali
- Heteropoda umbrata Karsch, 1891 — Sri Lanka
- Heteropoda variegata (Simon, 1874) — Greece to Israel
- Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767) — Pantropical
- Heteropoda venatoria emarginata Thorell, 1881 — Sumatra
- Heteropoda venatoria foveolata Thorell, 1881 — New Guinea, Yule Islands
- Heteropoda vespersa Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda warrumbungle Davies, 1994 — New South Wales
- Heteropoda willunga Davies, 1994 — Queensland
- Heteropoda zuviele Jäger, 2008 — Vietnam
References
- ^ a b Airamé, S. and P. Sierwald. (2000). Hunting and feeding behavior of one Heteropoda species in lowland rainforest on Borneo (Aranae, Sparassidae). Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Arachnology 28(2), 251-53.
- ^ Jager, P. and H. Ono. (2000). Sparassidae of Japan. I. New species of Olios, Heteropoda, and Sinopoda, with notes on some known species (Araneae: Sparassidae: Sparassinae and Heteropodinae). Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Acta Arachnologica 49(1), 41-60.
- ^ Ross, J., et al. (1982). The life cycle of Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) (Araneae: Heteropodidae). Archived 2017-12-28 at the Wayback Machine Psyche 89, 297-306.
- ^ Iaeger, P. (2001). A new species of Heteropoda (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae) from Laos, the largest huntsman spider? Zoosystema 23(3), 461-66.
- ^ Jäger, P. (2005). A 'swimming' Heteropoda species from Borneo (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae). Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Arachnology 33(3), 715-18.
- ^ Eusemann, P. and P. Jäger. (2006). Heteropoda schwendingeri Jäger 2005 (Araneae: Sparassidae) – first description of female with notes on intraspecific variation and evidences supporting species status. Zootaxa 1325, 327-34.
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