Henry Robinson may refer to:

• Henry Robinson (writer) (c. 1604–1664), English writer on religious tolerance
• Henry S. Robinson (1914–2003), American archaeologist

• Henry Crabb Robinson (1775–1867), British diarist
• Henry Peach Robinson (1830–1901), British photographer
• Henry Morton Robinson (1898–1961), American novelist
• Spike Robinson (Henry Berthold Robinson, 1930–2001), jazz saxophonist
• Henry R. Robinson, American lithographer and publisher

• Henry Robinson (bishop) (c. 1553–1616), Bishop of Carlisle, 1598–1616
• Henry Robinson (clergyman) (1819–1887), Church of England clergyman
• Henry Douglas Robinson (1859–1913), missionary bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Nevada
• H. Wheeler Robinson (1872–1945), English minister and theologian

• Basil Robinson (cricketer) (Henry Basil Oswin Robinson, 1919–2012), Canadian cricketer
• Henry Robinson (Yorkshire cricketer) (1858–1909), cricketer
• Henry Robinson (Nottinghamshire cricketer) (1863–?), English cricketer
• Henry Robinson (New South Wales cricketer) (1864–1931), New South Wales player
• Henry Robinson (footballer) (1909–?), English footballer
• Henry W. Robinson (1893–?), American college football player
• Frazier Robinson (Henry Frazier Robinson, 1910–1997), American baseball player

• Sir Henry Robinson, 1st Baronet (1857–1927), Irish civil servant
• Henry Robinson (spy) (1897–1944), intelligence agent of the Comintern murdered by the Gestapo

• Harry Robinson (disambiguation)
• Robinson (name)