Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Malayalam
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malayalam pronunciations. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
| Consonants
|
| IPA |
Malayalam |
ISO 15919 |
English approximation
|
| k
|
ക
|
k
|
sky
|
| kʰ
|
ഖ
|
kh
|
key
|
| ɡ
|
ഗ
|
g
|
ago
|
| ɡʱ
|
ഘ
|
gh
|
loghouse
|
| ŋ
|
ങ
|
ṅ
|
sink
|
| t͡ʃ
|
ച
|
c
|
church
|
| t͡ʃʰ
|
ഛ
|
ch
|
church
|
| d͡ʒ
|
ജ
|
j
|
object
|
| d͡ʒʱ
|
ഝ
|
jh
|
hedgehog
|
| ɲ
|
ഞ
|
ñ
|
canyon
|
| ʈ
|
ട
|
ṭ
|
stalk but retroflex
|
| ʈʰ
|
ഠ
|
ṭh
|
talk but retroflex
|
| ɖ
|
ഡ
|
ḍ
|
idea but retroflex
|
| ɖʱ
|
ഢ
|
ḍh
|
redhead but retroflex
|
| ɳ
|
ണ
|
ṇ
|
spin but retroflex
|
| t̪
|
ത
|
t
|
stalk but dentalized
|
| t̪ʰ
|
ഥ
|
th
|
talk but dentalized
|
| d̪
|
ദ
|
d
|
idea but dentalized
|
| d̪ʱ
|
ധ
|
dh
|
redhead but dentalized
|
| n̪
|
ന
|
n
|
month
|
| n
|
ഩ/ന[a]
|
ṉ
|
spin
|
| p
|
പ
|
p
|
spin
|
| pʰ[b]
|
ഫ
|
ph
|
pin
|
| f[b]
|
ഫ
|
f
|
fin
|
| b
|
ബ
|
b
|
about
|
| bʱ
|
ഭ
|
bh
|
clubhouse
|
| m
|
മ
|
m
|
mall
|
| j
|
യ
|
y
|
yes
|
| ɾ
|
ര
|
r
|
American English atom
|
| l
|
ല
|
l
|
list
|
| ʋ
|
വ
|
v
|
curve
|
| ʃ
|
ശ
|
ś
|
shoe
|
| ʂ
|
ഷ
|
ṣ
|
shoe but retroflex
|
| s
|
സ
|
s
|
so
|
| h
|
ഹ
|
h
|
head
|
| ɭ
|
ള
|
ḷ
|
list but retroflex
|
| ɻ
|
ഴ
|
ɻ
|
run
|
| r
|
റ
|
ṟ
|
Scottish English run
|
| t
|
റ്റ
|
ṯ
|
stalk
|
| d[c]
|
*ൻ്റ
|
ḏ
|
idea
|
|
| Vowels
|
| IPA
|
Malayalam |
ISO 15919 |
English approximation
|
| ɐ
|
അ
|
a
|
American English cut
|
| ə[d]
|
അ
|
a
|
about
|
| aː
|
ാ, ആ
|
ā
|
father
|
| i
|
ി, ഇ
|
i
|
sit
|
| iː
|
ീ, ഈ
|
ī
|
seat
|
| u
|
ു, ഉ
|
u
|
full
|
| uː
|
ൂ, ഊ
|
ū
|
fool
|
| r̩
|
ൃ, ഋ
|
r̥
|
better
|
| e
|
െ, എ
|
e
|
eight
|
| eː
|
േ, ഏ
|
ē
|
eight but longer
|
| o
|
ൊ, ഒ
|
o
|
story (short)
|
| oː
|
ോ, ഓ
|
ō
|
story (long)
|
| ai
|
ൈ, ഐ
|
ai
|
mile
|
| au
|
ൗ, ൌ[e], ഔ
|
au
|
foul
|
| ə̆
|
്, ു്[f]
|
ŭ
|
potato
|
|
Notes
- ^ modern orthography uses ന for both /n̪/ and /n/, and ഩ is no longer used.
- ^ a b ഫ is used to represent both /f/ and /pʰ/.
- ^ only occurs after /n/
- ^ [ə] may occur as an allophone of /a/ in some word-medial and final positions.
- ^ archaic, modern orthography uses ൗ instead
- ^ only occurs word finally in standard Malayalam and has no distinct letter, ു് representation is rare
See also
|
|---|
|
| Comparisons | |
|---|
| Introductory guides | |
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