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Harwick Mine disaster

The Harwick Mine disaster was a mining accident on January 25, 1904 in Cheswick, Pennsylvania, some sixteen mi (26 km) north of Pittsburgh in the western part of the state. The blast killed an estimated 179 miners and 2 aid workers.[1][2] The disaster ranks among the ten worst coal mining disasters in American history.[3] One community especially impacted was the Hungarian community in Homestead, Pennsylvania. Fifty-eight of the members of the First Hungarian Reformed Church of Homestead—a full third of the congregation—died in the explosion.[4]

Coal was mined by compressed-air machine, blasted down with dynamite. Ice accumulation in the air shaft restricted ventilation which caused a buildup of methane gas. At 8:15 am, workers blasted down dynamite which ignited the methane. Coal dust suspended in the air assisted the explosion in traveling throughout every region of the mine. In addition to interior devastation, the force was so powerful that it wrecked the exterior of the shaft.[5]

Of 175 mine workers underground at the time, the single survivor was the severely burned 16-year-old Adolph Gunia.[6] Other casualties included Daniel A. Lyle and the mine engineer Selwyn M. Taylor, who both gave their lives in rescue attempts after responding to the scene.[7] Greatly touched by Taylor's and Lyle's sacrifice, Andrew Carnegie had medals privately minted for their families, and within two months had established a $5 million Carnegie Hero Fund as a result.[1]

The mine was owned by the Allegheny Coal Company.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b "History / Carnegie Hero Fund Commission". History of Carnegie Hero Fund Commission. Carnegie Foundation. Archived from the original on 2014-05-24. Retrieved 2014-12-24.
  2. ^ "Cheswick Mine Disaster Growing" (PDF). The Homestead News-Messenger. Homestead & Mifflin Township Historical Society. 1904-01-26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2014-12-24.
  3. ^ "CDC - Mining - Coal Mining Disasters: 1839 to Present - NIOSH". www.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15.
  4. ^ Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 9/12/2004
  5. ^ Roderick, James E. (1905). "The Harwick Explosion". Report of the Department of Mines of Pennsylvania Part II Bituminous (PDF). Harrisburg Publishing Co., State Printers.
  6. ^ Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Volume 52 (1904), by American Society of Civil Engineers, page 552
  7. ^ Pennsylvania Disasters: True Stories of Tragedy and Survival, by Karen Ivory, pages 47-48
  8. ^ Washlaski, Raymond A.; Washlaski, Ryan P. "Harwick Mine". Archived from the original on 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2014-12-24.

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harwick_Mine_disaster