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Deities in ancient Greece were immortal, anthropomorphic, and powerful.^[1] They were conceived of as individual persons, rather than abstract concepts or ideas,^[2] and were described as being similar to humans in appearance, though they were considered larger and more beautiful.^[3] Though typically found in mythology and religion in an anthropomorphic visage, the gods were also capable of taking on the form of various animals.^[4] The emotions and actions of deities were largely the same as those of humans;^[5] they frequently engaged in sexual activity,^[6] and were fickle and amoral.^[7] Deities were considered far more knowledgeable than humans,^[8] and it was believed that they conversed in a language of their own.^[9] Their immortality, the most defining marker of their divinity,^[1] meant that, after having grown to a certain point, they did not age any further.^[11] In place of blood, their veins flowed with ichor, a substance which was a product of their diet,^[12] and conferred upon them their immortality.^[13] Divine power allowed the gods to intervene in mortal affairs in various ways; they could cause natural events such as rain, wind, the growing of crops, or epidemics, and were able to dictate the outcomes of complex human events, such as battles or political situations.^[14]

Ancient Greek religion was polytheistic,^[15] and a multiplicity of gods were venerated by the same groups and individuals.^[16] The identity of a deity is demarcated primarily by their name, though this name can also be accompanied by an epithet (or surname),^[17] which may refer to a specific function of the god, to an association with another deity, or to a local form of the divinity.^[18] Worship was the means by which the Greeks honoured their gods, as they believed deities had the power to bring to their lives various positive outcomes which were beyond their own control.^[19] Greek cult, or religious practice, consisted of activities such sacrifices, prayers, libations, festivals, and the building of temples.^[20] By the 8th century BC, most deities were honoured in sanctuaries (temenē), sacred areas which often included a temple and dining room,^[21] and which were typically dedicated to a single deity.^[22] The cult a of deity contributed to how they were viewed, based upon the kinds of sacrifices made in their honour, the relation of their rituals to the social order, and the location of their sanctuaries.^[23]

In addition to their name and cult, a god's character was determined by their mythology (the collection of stories told about them), and their iconography (how they were depicted in ancient Greek art).^[24] Mythological stories about a deity told of their deeds (which may have related to their functions) and linked them, through genealogical connections, to other gods with similar functions.^[17] The most important surviving accounts of Greek mythology can be found in Homeric epic, which tells of encounters between gods and mortals, and Hesiod's Theogony, which explicates a genealogy of the gods.^[25] Some myths attempted to explain the origins of certain cult practices,^[26] while others may have arisen from rituals;^[27] myths known throughout Greece can also have differing local versions.^[28] Artistic representations allow us to understand how deities were depicted over time from the early archaic period, and works such as vase paintings can significantly predate literary sources.^[29] Art contributed to how the Greeks conceived of the gods, and depictions would often assign them certain symbols, such as the thunderbolt of Zeus or the trident of Poseidon.^[17]

The principal gods of the Greek pantheon were the twelve Olympians,^[30] who lived on Mount Olympus,^[31] and were connected to each other as part of a single family.^[32] Zeus was the chief god of the pantheon, though Athena and Apollo were honoured in a greater number of sanctuaries in major cities, and Dionysus is the deity who has received the most attention from modern scholars.^[33] Beyond the central divinities of the pantheon, the Greek gods were numerous.^[34] Some parts of the natural world, such as the earth, sea, or sun, were held as divine throughout Greece, though other natural deities, such the various nymphs and river gods, were primarily of local significance.^[35] Personifications of abstract concepts appeared frequently in Greek art and poetry,^[36] though many were also venerated in cult, with some being worshipped as early as the 6th century BC.^[37] Groups or societies of deities could be purely mythological in importance, such as the Titans, or they could be the subject of significant worship, such as the Muses or Charites.^[38]

The following section is structured after Walter Burkert's Greek Religion, particularly his section "Chapter III: The Gods".^[39]

Name	Image	Description
Aphrodite Ἀφροδίτη		Goddess of sexual love and beauty.[40] In Hesiod's Theogony she is born from the castrated genitals of Uranus, while in the Iliad she is the child of Zeus and Dione.[41] She was worshipped throughout the Hellenic, and her best-known cults were located on the island of Cyprus.[42] A number of scholars believe she was Near-Eastern in origin, though others argue she was derived from a Cypriot goddess who contained indigenous elements.[43] In the Odyssey, she is married to Hephaestus, though she fornicates with Ares, and the two are caught in sexual embrace by an invisible net crafted by her husband.[44] She also had affairs with mortals such as Adonis and Anchises, and would provide help to mortal lovers while punishing those who spurned love.[45] In art, she was represented from the 7th century BC as a robed figure, though in the Hellenistic period various nude and semi-nude depictions were produced;[46] among her symbols were various birds, especially doves.[47] Her Roman counterpart is Venus.[48]
Apollo Ἀπόλλων		Son of Zeus and Leto, and twin brother of Artemis.[49] His various functions and associations include healing, music, archery and prophecy,[50] and he has often been characterised as the "most Greek" of the gods.[51] Apollo's cult existed thoughout Greece, having been this widespread by the beginning of the 7th century BC,[52] and was likely been brought to Greece during the Greek Dark Ages.[53] By the 5th century BC, his worship had been introduced into Rome, where he was revered primarily as a god of healing.[54] In mythology, he was said to have slain the dragon Python, who guarded an oracle of Themis at Delphi, before taking over the shrine for himself.[55] He had numerous love affairs with nymphs and women such as Daphne and Cyrene, as well as with males such as Hyacinth,[56] though he was often unsuccessful in his amorous pursuits.[57] In art, he is depicted as a youth, usually without a beard,[58] and can be found portrayed as a lyre player or archer.[59] From the 5th century BC, he was often equated with the sun.[60]
Ares Ἄρης		God of war.[61] He is the son of Zeus and Hera,[62] and the lover of Aphrodite,[63] by whom, in the Theogony, he is the father of Deimos, Phobos and Harmonia.[64] His cult was relatively limited,[65] and his temples were located mostly on Crete and in the Peloponnese;[66] he also often appeared alongside Aphrodite in cult.[67] In the Iliad, he is depicted in a largely negative manner, as a brash and wild warrior;[66] he supports the Trojan side of the war, and is frequently presented in opposition to Athena.[68] In ancient art, he was depicted early on as a warrior, bearded and with a spear and shield, though from the classical period he can found as a beardless and more youthful figure.[69] In Rome, his counterpart was Mars.[70]
Artemis Ἄρτεμις		Daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister of Apollo.[71] She presided over transitions,[72] and was associated with hunting and the wild.[73] Her cult was the most far-reaching of any goddess,[74] and she presided over female (as well as male) initiation rites.[75] She is among the oldest of the Greek gods, and is closely linked with Asia Minor.[76] In Homeric epic, she is described as a talented hunter who traverses the Arcadian mountains, accompanied by a retinue of nymphs.[77] She remained a young maiden and virgin indefinitely,[78] and men who attempted to violate her chastity generally faced severe consequences.[79] She dispatches swift punishment against mortals who display arrogance towards her, or fail to honour her properly,[80] and is also known for unexpectedly and suddenly killing mortal women.[81] In art, she is often depicted as a hunter carrying a bow and arrow, and wearing a dress, though from the 7th century BC there exist depictions of her as Potnia Theron.[82] Her Roman counterpart is Diana.[79]
Athena Ἀθηνᾶ		Daughter of Zeus, who is born from his head after he swallows her mother, Metis.[83] She was originally a Minoan or Mycenaean goddess, and her name is likely derived from that of Athens.[84] Throughout Greece she was the foremost polis deity, and in Greek cities her temple was typically located on the citadel;[85] the nexus of her worship was the Athenian Acropolis, upon which there was temple to her by the 8th or 7th century BC.[86] She is both a virgin goddess and a warrior,[87] and is the patroness of all forms of craftmanship.[88] In mythology, she competes with Poseidon for the patronage of Athens, besting him by offering its inhabitants the olive tree.[89] She is described as a provider of aid to male heroes,[90] helping figures such as Heracles, Perseus, and Bellerophon in their quests.[91] In the earliest known artistic depictions of Athena, she wears a helmet and carries a spear and lance, and around the early 6th century BC there begin appearing representations including the aegis and a shield adorned with a gorgoneion.[92] Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.[93]
Demeter Δημήτηρ		Goddess of agriculture.[94] She is the daughter of Cronus and Rhea, and the mother of Persephone by Zeus.[95] She and her daughter were intimately connected in cult,[96] and the two goddesses were honoured in the Thesmophoria festival, which included only women.[97] Demeter presided over the growing of grain, and she was responsible for the lives of married women.[98] Her most important myth is that of her daughter's abduction, in which Persephone is stolen by Hades and taken into the underworld;[99] hearing the cries of her daughter as she is taken, Demeter traverses the earth looking for her, and local versions of the story tell of her interactions with mortals during her search.[100] This myth, which is first narrated in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter,[101] was central to the Eleusinian Mysteries,[97] the most ancient of the Greek mystery religions.[102] In art, Demeter is typically depicted as a clothed figure, and features of her representations include the polos, calathus, sheaf, and torch.[103] Her Roman counterpart is Ceres.[104]
Dionysus Διόνυσος		Son of Zeus and the mortal woman Semele.[105] He is the "most versatile and elusive" Greek deity,[106] and is the god who has received the greatest attention in modern scholarship.[107] He is the god of wine, intoxication, and ecstasy,[108] and is associated with theatre, eroticism, masks, and madness.[109] His name is attested in Mycenaean Greece,[110] and there is evidence of him having been worshipped continuously from the 15th century BC.[111] His cult was more far-reaching than that of any other Greek god;[112] his festivals, which could be found across the Greek world, often featured drunkenness and revelry,[113] and included the Anthesteria, the Agrionia, the Rural Dionysia, and the City Dionysia.[114] His pregnant mother dies upon seeing Zeus in the form in which he appears to Hera, and Zeus stitches the unborn god into his thigh, from which he is then born.[115] He is accompanied by a retinue of satyrs, maenads, and silenoi, and is said to have travelled with his followers to locations such as Egypt and India.[116] His artistic depictions are more numerous than those of any other god; prior to 430 BC, he is portrayed as a bearded and clothed adult, often adorned with an animal skin, while later representations depict him as a beardless, effeminate youth.[113]
Hephaestus Ἥφαιστος		God of fire and metalworking.[117] He is the son of Hera, either on her own or by Zeus.[118] He is non-Greek in origin,[119] and his cult was likely imported from Asia Minor.[120] He was worshipped on the island of Lemnos, and more famously at Athens, where he was linked with Athena.[121] In Homeric epic he is the smith of the gods, who produces creations such as the shield of Achilles;[122] he has crippled feet, and is an outcast among the Olympians.[123] He is said to have been hurled from Olympus as an infant, either by Zeus, landing on Lemnos, or by Hera, landing in the sea.[124] His wife is Aglaea, one of the Charites, or the unfaithful Aphrodite.[118] In art, he is depicted wearing a pilos from the 5th century BC, and can be found holding an axe or hammer.[125] His Roman counterpart is Vulcan.[126]
Hera Ἥρα		Wife of Zeus, and daughter of Cronus and Rhea.[127] She is associated with marriage in particular,[128] and is the queen of the gods.[129] She likely descends from a goddess who was worshipped in Mycenaean Greece.[130] She has some of the oldest sanctuaries, which often contain immense temples,[131] and her two most important locations of worship were the Heraion of Argos and Samos;[129] she was venerated in her role as the wife of Zeus, and as a city goddess.[130] By her husband she is the mother of Ares, Hebe, and Eileithyia,[132] and in myth she is a jealous wife who torments Zeus's mistresses and other children.[133] In artistic depictions of groups, she can sometimes be distinguished as a figure in bride's attire, accompanying Zeus, and in scenes of hieros gamos she is portrayed as a matronly figure; features of her depictions include clothing being pulled around her head like a veil, the patera, the sceptre, and pomegranate.[134] Her Roman counterpart is Juno.[135]
Hermes Ἑρμῆς		Son of Zeus and the nymph Maia.[136] He is the messenger and herald of the gods,[137] the god of boundaries and their crossing,[138] and a trickster deity.[139] He is likely derived from a god which existed in Mycenaean Greece, and the most ancient location of his cult was the region of Arcadia, where his worship was especially prevalent;[140] his cult was spread through the Peloponnese, and existed in a particularly ancient in Athens.[141] He was closely linked with herms, stone statues which marked various boundaries, and was the patron of shepherds, especially young men whose job it was to protect crops from cattle.[142] He is said to have stolen the cattle of Apollo as a new-born, receiving the herd from the god by gifting him the lyre, which he had created from a tortoise's shell.[143] In art, his symbols include the caduceus, the petasos (or pilos), and his winged sandals; he is a bearded figure prior to the 4th century BC, after which beardless begin appearing.[144] His Roman counterpart is Mercury.[145]
Hestia Ἑστία		Goddess of the hearth.[146] She is the daughter of Cronus and Rhea.[147] Her role in mythology is minimal,[148] and she is never fully anthropomorphic.[34] In cultic activity, she is always the deity who receives the first offering or prayer, and she was venerated in each city's communal hearth, or prytaneion.[149] She is a virgin goddess, who forever retains her chastity, and rejects the advances of male deities such as Apollo and Poseidon.[150] Her Roman counterpart is Vesta.[151]
Poseidon Ποσειδῶν		God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses.[152] He is the son of Cronus and Rhea, and the brother of Zeus and Hades.[153] He was an important deity in Mycenaean Greece, and through the archaic period his position receded.[154] He had sanctuaries in many coastal locations, though he was also worshipped in inland areas, where he was associated with bodies of water such as pools and streams.[155] His epithets include Hippios (relating to horses), "Earth-Shaker", and "Embracer of Earth".[156] In the Iliad, he and his brothers split the cosmos between themselves, with Poseidon receiving the sea.[157] His wife is Amphitrite, with whom he lives below the ocean, though he has affairs with numerous women, producing sometimes dangerous or monstrous children.[158] From the 7th century BC, Corinthian votive tablets show him with his trident in hand, wearing a diadem and chiton; it can be difficult to tell apart him apart from Zeus, and only from the Hellenistic period is he found in a chariot pulled by hippocampi.[159] His Roman counterpart is Neptune.[160]
Zeus Ζεύς		Chief god of the Greek pantheon.[161] He is the king of the gods,[162] and the most powerful deity.[163] He is the son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea, and the husband of Hera.[164] He is the only Greek god who is unquestionably Indo-European in origin,[165] and he is attested already in Mycenaean Greece.[166] His numerous functions and domains are more varied than those of any other god, and over 1000 of his epithets survive.[167] According to Hesiod's Theogony, he attains his power by overthrowing his father and the other Titans in a ten-year war known as the Titanomachy.[168] Through his innumerable sexual exploits with mortal women, he was the father of various heroes and progenitors of well-known family lines.[169] Among his symbols are the thunderbolt, the sceptre, and the eagle.[170] In art from the 6th century BC onwards, he was often shown sitting on a throne, or as an upright figure wielding a lightning bolt; Zeus's lusting after women is also frequently found on vase paintings from the 5th century BC.[171] His Roman counterpart is Jupiter, also referred to as Jove.[172]

Name	Image	Description
Hades Ἅιδης		Ruler of the underworld and the dead.[173] He is the child of Cronus and Rhea, and the consort of Persephone.[174] In the Iliad, Hades and his brothers, Poseidon and Zeus, split the world between themselves, with Hades receiving the underworld.[175] He was referred to under names such as Plouton and "chthonian Zeus", and his epithets included Clymenus ('Renowned') and Eubouleus ('Good Counsellor').[176] In his best-known myth, he kidnaps Persephone, after receiving Zeus's assent, and takes her into the underworld; while there, she consumes some of his food, forcing her to henceforth spend part of each year in the underworld.[177] He had virtually on role in cult, and was worshipped instead as Plouton, throughout Greece.[178] In artistic depictions he often holds a sceptre or key, with his appearance being similar to that of Zeus.[179] His name can also be used to denote to the underworld itself.[180]
Persephone Περσεφόνη		Daughter of Zeus and Demeter.[181] She is the wife of Hades, and queen of the underworld.[182] In her central myth, first narrated in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, she is seized by Hades while frolicking in a meadow, and carried her into the underworld;[183] Zeus asks for her return, but Persephone, having consumed pomengranate seeds during her stay, is forced to from then on spend a part of each year there.[184] She is frequently found alongside her mother in cult, and the two are honoured in the Thesmophoria festival,[185] as well as the Eleusinian Mysteries;[186] she can also be found closely linked in cult with Hades.[187] She also appears in myth as the queen of the underworld, a realm over which she wields significant power, with her being described as helping certain mortals who visit.[188]
Plouton Πλούτων		A name for the ruler of the underworld, who is also known as Hades.[189] Plouton is attested from around 500 BC,[190] before which he was a distinct deity from Hades;[178] the name is a euphemistic title, which alludes to the riches that exist beneath the earth.[189] Plouton appears in cult linked with Persephone and Demeter, and his worship is attested almost exclusively in Attica prior to the Hellenistic period, in relation to Eleusinian cult in particular.[191] In art, he is depicted with a beard (which is sometimes white), and carrying a cornucopia or sceptre.[192]

Name	Image	Description
Eileithyia Εἰλείθυια		Goddess associated with birth.[34] In the Theogony, she is the daughter of Zeus and Hera.[193] She is attested in the Bronze Age,[194] and was worshipped at a cave in Amnisos on Crete as early as the Middle Minoan period.[195] She was venerated mostly by women,[196] and in the archaic period her worship was found most prominently on Crete, in the Peloponnese, and in the Cyclades;[197] she is also worshipped in a number of locations as an aspect of Artemis.[198]
Enyalius Ἐνυάλιος		A war god.[199] He is associated in particular with close-quarters fighting, though the degree to which he is a separate deity from Ares has been debated since antiquity.[200] He is mentioned as early as the Mycenaean period,[201] and his worship is most clearly attested in the Peloponnese; he possessed a significant cult at Sparta, where there sat a statue of him bound in chains.[202] In literature, he is little more than an epithet or byname for Ares.[203]
Hecate Ἑκάτη		A goddess associated with ghosts and magic.[204] In the Theogony, she is the daughter of Perses and Asteria.[205] She was likely originally from Caria in Asia Minor, and her worship seems to have been taken up by the Greeks during the archaic period.[206] She is attested in Athens in the sixth century BC, and statues of her stood guard throughout the city by the Classical period.[207] She is absent from Homeric epic, and Hesiod celebrates her in a section of his Theogony, treating her as a mighty goddess who helps various members of society.[208] She was said to have been accompanied by the ghosts of maidens and women who died childless, and was linked with dogs and their sacrifice.[209] Beginning in the 5th century BC, she was assimilated with Artemis.[196] In art, she is depicted with either one or three faces (and sometimes three bodies), and is frequently found wearing a polos and carrying torches.[210]
Pan Πάν		God of shepherds and goatherds.[211] He comes from the region of Arcadia, and was conceived of as partly human and partly goat.[212] During the 5th century BC, his worship spread to Athens from Arcadia, before being dispersed across the Greek world;[213] he was venerated in caves, sometimes in conjunction with Hermes and the nymphs.[212] There were numerous conflicting versions of his parentage,[214] and in myth he is a figure who roams the mountains and plays the syrinx;[215] he is a lecherous figure who lusts after both nymphs and young men,[216] though he is typically met with little success in his lustful pursuits.[217] In art, he is portrayed as an ithyphallic figure.[218]
Prometheus Προμηθεύς		Son of the Titan Iapetus.[219] He was credited with the creation of mankind, producing the first human from a lump of clay.[220] He was said to have brought fire to humanity, having covertly stolen it from Olympus; this action earned him the punishment of Zeus, who had him bound to a rock face in the Caucasus Mountains, where an eagle would tear apart his liver each day, before it regenerated over the following night.[221] He is later set free from his punishment by Heracles.[222] The image of his punishment is found in art as early as the 7th century BC, and he is typically found as a bearded figure with an unclothed body and arms bound, while the eagle hovers overhead.[223]
Leto Λητώ		Mother of Apollo and Artemis by Zeus.[224] She is the daughter of the Titans Coeus and Phoebe.[225] When pregnant with her children, she travels to find somewhere give birth, but is rebuffed in each location (in some accounts due to the efforts of a jealous Hera), before arriving at Delos, where she eventually delivers both children (though in an early version Artemis is born instead on Ortygia).[226] In cult, she was frequently linked with her children,[227] though in Asia Minor she was more important as an individual, and from the 6th century BC she was worshipped at the Letoon in Lycia.[228]
Leucothea Λευκοθέα		A sea goddess.[229] In myth, she was originally a mortal women named Ino, who fled from her frenzied husband with her young son, Melicertes, in her arms; she jumped into the sea, taking her son with her, and the two were deified, becoming Leucothea and Palaemon, respectively.[230] Leucothea was venerated across the Mediterranean world,[231] and was linked with initiation rites, a connection which is likely responsible for her identification with Ino.[232]
Thetis Θέτις		The mother of Achilles.[233] She is one of the Nereids, the daughters of Nereus and Doris.[234] She is courted by Poseidon and Zeus until they hear of a prophecy that any son she bears will overthrow his father, prompting Zeus to wed Thetis to the hero Peleus.[235] Prior to their marriage, her future husband pursues her, with her transforming into different shapes as she flees.[236] After the birth of Achilles, she burns her son in an attempt to to make him immortal, an action which led to the end of her marriage.[237] Her cult existed in Thessaly and Sparta,[231] and she was a popular subject in vase paintings, particularly in the 6th and 5th centuries BC.[238]

Name	Image	Description
Achelous Ἀχελώϊος		One of the river gods, sons of Oceanus and Tethys.[239] He was the god of the Achelous River,[240] the largest river in Greece.[241] The oracle of Zeus at Dodona helped to spread his worship,[242] and he was often venerated alongside the nymphs,[243] though his cult began to recede in the 4th century BC.[242] In myth, he fights the hero Heracles for the hand of Deianeira, assuming multiple forms in the battle, including that of a bull; he is beaten when Heracles snaps one of his horns from his head.[244]
Anemoi Άνεμοι		Personifications of the winds.[245] They are typically four in number – Zephyrus (West Wind), Boreas (North Wind), Notus (South Wind), and Eurus (East Wind)[246] – though Hesiod, who describes them as children of Eos and Astraeus, omits Eurus.[247] There survives a reference to a "Priestess of the Winds" from the Mycenaean period, and major deities, especially Zeus, were connected with winds.[248] In myth, Boreas was said to have kidnapped the Athenian princess Orithyia.[249]
Gaia Γαῖα		Personification and goddess of the earth.[250] In Hesiod's Theogony, she is one of the earliest beings in existence, and the progenitor of an extensive genealogy,[251] producing figures such as Uranus and Pontus on her own, and the Titans, Cyclopes, and Hecatoncheires by Uranus.[252] She has the ability of prophecy, and was believed to have preceded Apollo at the oracle of Delphi.[253] In cult, she is more commonly referred to as Ge, and is often venerated alongside Zeus;[202] her worship existed primarily outside of the polis,[254] though Gē Kourotrophos was venerated in Athens.[255]
Helios Ἥλιος		The sun and its god.[256] He is the son of the Titans Hyperion and Theia.[257] It was believed that he travelled through the sky each day in a horse-pulled chariot, making his way from east to west; each night he drifted back to the east in a bowl, through Oceanus (the river which wrapped around the earth).[258] Though the sun was universally viewed as divine in Classical Greece, it received relatively little worship;[259] the most significant location of Helios's cult was the island of Rhodes, where he was the subject of the Colossus of Rhodes.[260] He was commonly called upon in oaths, as it was believed he could witness everything across the earth.[261] He was assimilated with Apollo by the 5th century BC, though their equation was not established until later on.[262]
River gods ποταμοί		The 3000 male offspring of Oceanus and Tethys, and brothers of the Oceanids.[263] River gods were often locally venerated in Greek cities, and they were seen as representations of a city's identity.[264] Their worship was developed by the time of Homer;[265] river gods were given a sanctuary in their city, and were given sacrifices of youths' hair.[38] The only river god worshipped throughout Greece was Achelous.[243] Their iconography includes the melding of the human form with bull-like features.[266] Other river gods include Eridanos, Alpheus, and Scamander.[267]

Name	Image	Description
Asclepius Ἀσκληπιός		God of healing and medicine.[268] In mythology, he is described as a mortal hero,[269] with the usual tradition calling him the son of Apollo and Coronis;[270] while pregnant, Coronis weds the mortal Ischys, which leads Apollo to kill her, and he rescues the infant in the process.[271] Asclepius grows up to become a skilled healer, capable even of bringing the deceased back to life, an activity which leads Zeus to strike him down with lightning.[272] During the archaic era, his worship was likely centred in Tricca and Messenia, and towards the end of the period his cult seemingly spread further abroad.[273] His veneration at Epidauros started around 500 BC, and in the late 5th century BC he possessed two sancturies in Athens;[274] he was worshipped alongside family members, such as Hygieia, Machaon, and Podalirius.[275] Artistic depictions of Asclepius often portray him as a figure sitting on a throne, or an upright figure holding a staff laden with a snake.[276]
Cabeiri Κάβειροι		A group of divinities venerated in mysteries.[277] Evidence of their worship is known primarily from the island of Lemnos and from Thebes,[278] though they are attested through the northern Aegean, in Thrace, and at Anthedon.[279] They originated from outside of Greece, though there is evidence of their worship in Thebes as early as the 7th century BC.[280] The gods of the Samothracian mysteries are called Cabeiri by some sources, though in epigraphic evidence from the island there is mention only of Megaloi Theoi ('Great Gods') or Theoi ('Gods').[281] The Cabeiri are commonly associated with other groups of divinities – such as the Kouretes, Corybantes, and Idaean Dactyls[282] – and their number varies according to the source.[283] Some authors call them the offspring of Hephaestus.[284]
Charites Χάριτες		Goddesses who embody beauty, charm, and grace.[285] In the Theogony there are three Charites – Aglaea, Euphrosyne, and Thalia – who are the offspring of Zeus and Eurynome.[286] They were associated with Aphrodite, and were said to be her attendants.[287] The most famous location of their worship was Orchomenus,[288] where they were venerated in the form of three stones;[289] they were also worshipped in Athens and on the island of Paros.[194] In the Iliad, the Charis Pasithea is the wife of Hypnos, while in the Theogony Aglaea is married to Hephaestus.[290]
The Dioscuri Διόσκουροι		A pair of divine twins named Castor and Polydeuces.[291] The Iliad places Helen of Troy as their sister and Tyndareus as their father, while in later sources Polydeuces is the son of Zeus.[292] They are generally considered Indo-European in origin,[293] and were venerated across Greece; Sparta was regarded as the primary location of their worship, though their cult was also very prominent in Attica.[292] In myth, they are often described as being involved in disputes with other pairs of mythical figures, including battling Lynceus and Idas after stealing their wives;[294] they were also said to have retrieved a kidnapped Helen from Attica.[295] Artistic representations depict them with symbols such as horses, piloi, and stars.[296]
Heracles Ἡρακλῆς		The mightiest of the Greek heroes.[297] He is the son of Zeus and Alcmene,[298] and was considered both a hero and a god.[299] He was worshipped thoughout the Greek world (though he received little veneration in Crete), and his cult resembled those of the gods.[300] His cult on the island of Thasos was among his oldest, he was worshipped in numerous locations in Attica,[301] and in Thebes his cult existed as early as the time of Homer.[302] He was said to have completed twelve labours on the command of Eurystheus,[303] though the canonical set of labours was established only by the early 5th century BC; most of these tasks involve him fighting monstrous beasts or humanoid creatures.[304] In art, scenes from his labours can be found from the 8th century BC,[305] and his attributes include his cape (made from the Nemean lion's fur), a club, and a bow.[306]
Muses Μούσαι		Goddesses who were responsible for inspiring poets and other creative and intellectual figures.[307] In the Theogony, they are the nine daughters of Zeus and the Titan Mnemosyne.[308] Their earliest site of worship was on Mount Olympus,[309] and they possessed a sanctuary at the foot of Mount Helicon.[310] There were different sets of Muses said to come from different locations,[311] and particular areas of creative activity were believed to have been governed by individual Muses.[312] As a group, they are commonly associated with Apollo.[313]

Name	Image	Description
Adonis Άδωνις		A figure of Levantine origin.[314] He is born of the incestuous union between a Phoenician king and his daughter, Myrrha.[315] Though this genealogy places him as a mortal, in cult he was considered a god.[316] He is known to have been worshipped on Lesbos by the beginning of the 6th century BC,[317] and in Athens by the 5th century BC;[316] he was venerated primarily by women, who were the participants in the Adonia festival.[318] In myth, he is a young man of great beauty, who is loved by Aphrodite; because Persephone is also enchanted by his beauty, Zeus decrees he spend parts of the year with each goddess.[319]
Ammon Ἄμμων		The principal deity of the Egyptian pantheon.[320] Due to his position in the pantheon, he was equated by the Greeks with Zeus.[321] He was worshipped at the Siwa Oasis from at least the 6th century BC,[322] and his oracle began to be broadly known in that century.[323] Greek attention towards Ammon was due primarily to the Greek colony of Cyrene in Libya,[323] and by the 4th century BC he was venerated in Athens.[324]
Cybele Κυβέλη		A mother goddess from Asia Minor.[325] She is the Anatolian form of the Great Mother, and in Greece she was typically referred to as Meter.[326] During the 6th century BC, her worship proliferated through the Greek world, and in the same century she was introduced in Athens.[327] Upon the spread of her cult, she was identified with the Greek goddess Rhea, the mother of the first generation of Olympians, as well as other goddesses such as Gaia and Demeter;[328] she may have also been equated with an indigenous mother goddess.[329] In artistic depictions, she is found seated on a throne, accompanied by lions and holding a tambourine.[329] Her cult was officially introduced in Rome around the end of the 3rd century AD.[325]
Isis Ἶσις		An Egyptian goddess.[330] In Egyptian mythology, she was the wife of Osiris, and the mother of Horus.[331] She was known to the Greeks as early as the archaic period, and possessed a temple in Athens by the 4th century BC.[332] In the Graeco-Roman world, she was a goddess who presided over the family,[331] and was a healer and protective figure.[333] Herodotus equates her with Demeter.[334]
Men Μήν		A deity from western Asia Minor.[335] He was a moon god, and his worship is most clearly documented in Lydia and Phrygia.[336] He is attested from the 4th century BC, with the earliest evidence in the Hellenistic period originating from Greece, particularly Attica.[337] In art, he is often found with crescent moons extending up from his shoulders, wearing a Phrygian cap and sleeved clothes, and holding a sceptre or rod.[338]
Sabazios Σαβάζιος		A god from Phrygia in Asia Minor.[339] His earliest literary attestion is from the 5th century BC,[340] and his worship in Attica is mentioned in the 4th century BC.[341] He was identified with Dionysus, and an Orphic myth of Dionysus's birth to Zeus and his daughter, Persephone, was linked with the mysteries of Sabazios.[342] In artistic depictions, he is portrayed as a bearded figure in Phrygian garb, or as having the iconography of Zeus-Jupiter; there also exist votive hands dedicated to him, which hold objects such as snakes or pine cones.[343]
Serapis Σέραπις		A god derived from the syncretic Egyptian figure Osiris-Apis.[344] This Egyptian antecedent had a cult in Memphis, where he was a sacred bull figure.[345] This cult was adapted by the Greeks into that of Serapis;[346] the first three Ptolemies had a Serapeum constructed in Alexandria,[347] and Ptolemy I Soter was said to have brought to the city a statue of Pluto, which was given the name of Serapis.[348] The god was identified with Greeks deities such as Dionysus, Pluto, and Zeus,[349] and in art he was depicted wearing a calathus atop his head.[350] His worship propagated in the Mediterranean, and he possessed temples in Athens and Corinth.[351]

• Aphrodite (Ἀφροδίτη). Goddess of beauty, love, desire, and pleasure. In Hesiod's Theogony, she is born from the severed genitals of Uranus.
• Dione (Διώνη). According to Apollodorus, she is the thirteenth Titan.
• The Erinyes (Ἐρινύες), the Furies, goddesses of retribution, known as "The Kindly Ones". Named as Alecto (Ἀληκτώ), the unceasing one, Tisiphone (Τισιφόνη), avenger of murder, and Megaera (Μέγαιρα), the jealous one.
• Meliae (Μελίαι), nymphs of honey and the ash tree.
• The Ourea (Οὔρεα). The gods of mountains.
• Pontus (Πόντος). The god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creatures.
• Titans (Τιτᾶνες). Twelve children of Gaia and Uranus in the Theogony. They are the generation of gods who precede the Olympians, and are overthrown as part of the Greek succession myth.

• Anemoi, (Άνεμοι), gods of the winds. Usually named as Boreas (Βορέας) god of the north wind and of winter, Eurus (Εύρος), god of the unlucky east or southeast wind, Notus (Νότος) god of the south wind, and Zephyrus (Ζέφυρος), god of the west wind
• Astraeus (Ἀστραῖος). God of dusk, stars, and planets, and the art of astrology.
• Ceto (Κῆτώ), goddess of the dangers of the ocean and of sea monsters
• Eosphorus (Ἑωσφόρος)
• Eurybia (Εὐρυβία), daughter of Pontus and Gaia
• Hecate (Ἑκάτη), goddess of magic, witchcraft, the night, the Moon, ghosts, and necromancy
• Iris (Ίρις), goddess of the rainbow and divine messenger
• Nereus (Νηρέας), the old man of the sea, and the god of the sea's rich bounty of fish
• Nereids (Νηρηΐδες). Sea nymphs, the 50 daughters of Nereus and the Oceanid Doris.
  • Arethusa (Αρετούσα), a daughter of Nereus who was transformed into a fountain
  • Dynamene (Δυναμένη), associated with the might and power of great ocean swells
  • Galene (Γαλήνη), goddess of calm seas
  • Psamathe (Ψαμάθη), mother of Phocus by Aeacus
  • Thetis (Θέτις), leader of the Nereids who presided over the spawning of marine life in the sea
• Pallas (Πάλλας). God of warcraft. He was killed by Athena during the Titanomachy.
• Perses (Πέρσης). Son of Crius and Eurybia.
• Phorcys (Φόρκυς), god of the hidden dangers of the deep
• Thaumas (Θαῦμας), god of the wonders of the sea

The Titan gods and goddesses are depicted in Greek art less commonly than the Olympians.

• 
  Eos (Dawn) and the hero Memnon (490–480 BC)
• 
  Helios in his four-horse chariot (3rd century BC)
• 
  Themis, from the Temple of Nemesis (ca. 300 BC)
• 
  Oceanus wearing crab-claw horns, with Tethys (Roman-era mosaic)
• 
  Athena watches Prometheus create humans (3rd century AD)

• Cabeiri (Κάβειροι), gods or spirits who presided over the Mysteries of the islands of Lemnos and Samothrace
• Charites (Χάριτες), goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity, and fertility. Named by Hesiod as Aglaea (Αγλαΐα), Euphrosyne (Εὐφροσύνη), Thalia (Θάλεια).
• The Curetes (Κουρέτες), guardians of infant Zeus on Mount Ida, barely distinguished from the Dactyls and the Corybantes
• The Dactyls (Δάκτυλοι) "fingers", minor deities originally representing fingers of a hand
• The Horae (Ώρες), The Hours, the goddesses of natural order. According to Hesiod, their names were Eunomia (Ευνομία), Dike (Δίκη), and Eirene (Ειρήνη). Pausanias gives only two names, Thallo (Θαλλώ) and Karpo (Καρπώ).
• Korybantes (Κορύβαντες), the crested dancers who worshipped Cybele
• Maenades (μαινάδες), crazed nymphs in the retinue of Dionysus
• Muses (Μούσαι), goddesses of music, song and dance, and the source of inspiration to poets. Usually named as Calliope (Καλλιόπη), Clio (Κλειώ), Euterpe (Ευτέρπη), Erato (Ερατώ), Melpomene (Μελπομένη), Polyhymnia (Πολυμνία or Πολύμνια), Terpsichore (Τερψιχόρη), Thalia (Θάλεια), and Urania (Ουρανία). Pausanias lists them as Aoide (Ἀοιδή), Melete (Μελέτη), and Mneme (Μνήμη).
• Satyrs (Σάτυροι) / Satyress, rustic fertility spirits
  • Krotos (Κρότος), a great hunter and musician who kept the company of the Muses on Mount Helicon
• The Telchines (Τελχινες), sea spirits native to the island of Rhodes; the gods killed them when they turned to evil magic; They built the Trident of Poseidon.
• Thriae (Θριαί), three nymphs

• Lists of deities
• Lists of Greek mythological figures
• List of mortals in Greek mythology
• List of Greek mythological creatures
• List of Mycenaean deities
• List of Trojan War characters