Gorontalo Malay
| Gorontalo Malay | |
|---|---|
| Bahasa Indonesia Gorontalo[1] | |
| Mobisala Molayu | |
| Native to | Indonesia (Gorontalo and Central Sulawesi) |
| Region | Gorontalo and the northern part of Gulf of Tomini |
| Ethnicity | Gorontaloan |
Native speakers | ~1.000.000 |
Malay-based creole languages
| |
| Latin and Jawi[2] | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
Gorontalo Malay, also known as Bahasa Indonesia Gorontalo or Mobisala Molayu in Gorontalo,[1] is a Malay-based creole language spoken by the majority of the Gorontalo people in the northern part of Sulawesi, Indonesia, especially in the province of Gorontalo,[3][4] as well as in Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi.[5]
Linguistically, Gorontalo Malay us classified as a trade language and a Malay-based creole.[6][7] It generally functions as a lingua franca in Gorontalo and its surrounding areas, including parts of the northern Gulf of Tomini, which are also inhabited by the Gorontaloan people.[8][9]
The influence of Arabic is evident in Gorontalo Malay, with several Arabic words incorporated into the language, such as ana (أنا) for the first-person singular pronoun (I) and ente (أنت) for the second-person singular pronoun (you).[10]
History
Gorontalo Malay initially developed in the coastal regions of Gorontalo, particularly in port cities. It later absorbed influences from Arabic, Dutch, Ternate Malay, and primarily from Manado Malay,[11] alongside Gorontaloan as the native language of its speakers.[3][12]
The language also shares similarities in vocabulary and grammar with Ternate Malay, a feature common to other Eastern Indonesian Malay varieties. One key difference between Gorontalo Malay and other Eastern Indonesian Malay varieties is its distinct pronunciation intonation, heavily influenced by the Gorontalo language.[5]
Phonology
In Gorontalo Malay, there are several verbs and nouns derived from Malay that undergo a change in the pronunciation of the vowel phoneme, influenced by the speech patterns of the Gorontalo language. The vowel sound [ə] in standard Malay changes to [o] in Gorontalo Malay. For instance, bolajar (from belajar 'to study'), posawat (from pesawat 'airplane'), and moncuci (from mencuci 'to wash') reflect this phonetic shift. Additionally, the word Melayu 'Malay' is also pronounced as Molayu in Gorontalo Malay, further demonstrating this influence.[2]
Grammar
Pronouns
Gorontalo Malay has pronouns or substitute words primarily based on Manadoic Malay languages (such as Manado Malay and Ternate Malay).[13]
Personal pronouns
There are several loanwords from foreign languages in the personal pronouns of Gorontalo Malay, particularly from Arabic.
| Pronouns | Glosa | Gorontalo Malay |
|---|---|---|
| First person singular | I | ana |
| First person plural | we | torang |
| Second person singular | you | ente |
| Second person plural | you all/you guys | ngoni |
| Third person singular | he/she | dia, de |
| Third person plural | they | dorang |
Possessive pronouns
In Gorontalo Malay, the infix pe is used to indicate possession, similar to how -nya is used in standard Indonesian to denote ownership or possession. For example, in the phrase pe rumah (the house’s), pe indicates that the house belongs to someone or is associated with them. This construction helps to express possessive relationships in the language.
| Glosa | Melayu Gorontalo |
|---|---|
| my book | ana pe buku |
| your book | ente pe buku |
| his/her book | dia pe buku, de pe buku |
| our book | torang pe buku |
| you guys' book | ngoni pe buku |
| their book | dorang pe buku |
References
- ^ a b Niode, Alim S. (2007). Isnaeni, M. (ed.). Gorontalo: perubahan nilai-nilai budaya dan pranata sosial (in Indonesian). Jakarta, Indonesia: Pustaka Indonesia Press.
- ^ a b Hula, Ibnu R.N.; Helingo, Adimawati; Jassin, Sitti N.A.; Sarif, Suharia (2 September 2022). "Transcription of Pegon Gorontalo Arabic Orthography, Malay and Arabic Standard: A Contraceptive Linguistic Analysis". A Jamiy: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab (in Indonesian). 11 (2). Gorontalo , Indonesia: IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo. doi:10.31314/ajamiy.11.2.322-341.2022. ISSN 2657-2206. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ a b Malabar, Fahria (2012). PARTIKEL WACANA DALAM BAHASA MELAYU GORONTALO (Thesis). Yogyakarta, Indonesia: University of Gadjah Mada.
- ^ SUARTINI, N. L. S. (2012). Pergeseran Bahasa Masyarakat Bali di Lokasi Transmigrasi Desa Raharja Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Boalemo. Skripsi, 1 (311408047).
- ^ a b Baga, Magdalena (2015). "Nasib Bahasa-Bahasa Asli di Gorontalo (Sebuah Tinjauan)" (PDF). International Conference on Language, Society and Culture (ICLSC) (in Indonesian). Jakarta, Indonesia: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. ISBN 978-979-3584-56-0.
- ^ "Bahasa Melayu (Sulawesi Utara)" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ Mustamin, K. (2020). BAHASA LOKAL VERSUS BAHASA INDONESIA; NASIONALISME ATAU ASHABIYAH. Sulesana: Jurnal Wawasan Keislaman, 14 (1), hlm. 21–36.
- ^ BAB V, 5.1. Fenomena Pergeseran Bahasa Mongondow pada Masyarakat Desa Lion-Mooduliyo.
- ^ Kurniawan, Muh. Ardian (27 March 2019). "Pemertahanan Bahasa di Ranah Pendidikan: Studi Pemertahanan Bahasa di Desa Kuang Baru, Kecamatan Sakra, Kabupaten Lombok Timur". dx.doi.org. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ Didipu, Herman (2014). Sistem Pemberian Gelar Sapaan Bahasa Gorontalo. Penelitian Pengambangan Fakultas dan Keilmuan (BOPTN).
- ^ Laliyo, D. M. (2017). Eksistensi Penggunaan Bahasa Gorontalo di Desa Huntu Selatan Kecamatan Bulango Selatan, Kab. Bone Bolango. Skripsi, 1.
- ^ "Bahasa Melayu Gorontalo di Luar Kekinian". archive.lenteratimur.com (in Indonesian). Lentera Timur. 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ Pateda, Mansoer (2001). "Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional". Kamus Bahasa Gorontalo–Indonesia (PDF) (in Indonesian). Jakarta, Indonesia: Balai Pustaka.