GRDDL
GRDDL (pronounced "griddle") is a markup format for Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages. It is a W3C Recommendation, and enables users to obtain RDF triples out of XML documents, including XHTML. The GRDDL specification shows examples using XSLT, however it was intended to be abstract enough to allow for other implementations as well. It became a Recommendation on September 11, 2007.[1]
Mechanism
XHTML and transformations
A document specifies associated transformations, using one of a number of ways.
For instance, an XHTML document may contain the following markup:
<head profile="http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/
http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
<link rel="transformation" href="grokXFN.xsl" />
Document consumers are informed that there are GRDDL transformations available in this page, by including the following in the profile attribute of the head element:
http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view
The available transformations are revealed through one or more link elements:
<link rel="transformation" href="grokXFN.xsl" />
This code is valid for XHTML 1.x only. The profile attribute has been dropped in HTML5, including its XML serialisation.
Microformats and profile transformations
If an XHTML page contains Microformats, there is usually a specific profile.
For instance, a document with hcard information should have:
<head profile="http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view http://www.w3.org/2006/03/hcard">
When fetched http://www.w3.org/2006/03/hcard has:
<head profile="http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view">
and
<p>Use of this profile licenses RDF data extracted by
<a rel="profileTransformation" href="../vcard/hcard2rdf.xsl">hcard2rdf.xsl</a>
from <a href="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns">the 2006 vCard/RDF work</a>.
</p>
The GRDDL aware agent can then use that profileTransformation to extract all hcard data from pages that reference that link.
XML and transformations
In a similar fashion to XHTML, GRDDL transformations can be attached to XML documents.
XML namespace transformations
Just like a profileTransformation, an XML namespace can have a transformation associated with it.
This allows entire XML dialects (for instance, KML or Atom) to provide meaningful RDF.
An XML document simply points to a namespace
<foo xmlns="http://example.com/1.0/">
<!-- document content here -->
</foo>
and when fetched, http://example.com/1.0/ points to a namespaceTransformation.
This also allows very large amounts of the existing XML data in the wild to become RDF/XML with minimal effort from the namespace author.
Output
Once a document has been transformed, there is an RDF representation of that data.
This output is generally put into a database and queried via SPARQL.
Implementations
GRDDL consumers (also known as GRDDL aware agents)
- OpenLink Virtuoso through its Sponger cartridge system
- XML_GRDDL, a semi compliant PHP 5 library
- See other implementations
See also
- Microformats – a simplified approach to semantically annotate data in websites
- RDFa – a W3C Recommendation for annotating websites with RDF data
- eRDF – an alternative to RDFa
References
Notes
- Kerner, Sean Michael (2006-10-26). "W3C Looks to GRDDL For Semantic Web Sense'". internetnews.com.