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Franklin Medal

The Franklin Medal, "founded in 1914 by Samuel Insull … awarded by the Franklin Institute for signal and eminent service in science"
Presentation of the first Franklin Medal in Philadelphia on May 19, 1915. Front row: Samuel Insull, Walton Clark, recipient Thomas Edison and his wife Mina Miller, Chevalier Van Rappard, accepting the award for Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. Back row: Robert Bowie Owens, John J. Carty, Frank J. Sprague, William Stanley, R. Tait McKenzie.
For other uses, see Benjamin Franklin Medal.

The Franklin Medal was a science award presented from 1915 until 1997 by the Franklin Institute located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. It was founded in 1914 by Samuel Insull.

The Franklin Medal was the most prestigious of the various awards presented by the Franklin Institute.[1] Together with other historical awards, it was merged into the Benjamin Franklin Medal, initiated in 1998.[2]

Laureates

Recipients are listed in a database on The Franklin Institute website.[2]

Year Country Recipient Discipline Notes
1915  United States Thomas Edison Engineering [3]
1915  Netherlands Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Physics
1916  United States John J. Carty Engineering
1916  United States Theodore William Richards Chemistry
1917  Netherlands Hendrik Lorentz Physics
1917  United States David W. Taylor Engineering
1918  Italy Guglielmo Marconi Engineering
1918  United States Thomas Corwin Mendenhall Physics
1919  Great Britain James Dewar Physics
1919  United States George Owen Squier Engineering
1920  Sweden Svante Arrhenius Chemistry
1920  Great Britain Charles Algernon Parsons Engineering
1921  France Charles Fabry Physics
1921  United States Frank J. Sprague Engineering
1921  Poland Ralph Modjeski Engineering
1922  Great Britain J. J. Thomson Physics
1923  France Gustave-Auguste Ferrié Engineering/Computer and Cognitive Science [4]
1923  United States Albert A. Michelson Physics
1924  Great Britain Ernest Rutherford Chemistry
1924  United States Edward Weston Engineering
1925  United States Elihu Thomson Engineering
1925  Netherlands Pieter Zeeman Physics
1926  Denmark Niels Bohr Physics
1926  United States Samuel Rea Engineering
1927  United States George Ellery Hale Physics
1927  Germany Max Planck Physics
1928  United States Charles F. Brush Engineering
1928  Germany Walther Nernst Chemistry
1929  United States Emile Berliner Engineering
1929  Great Britain Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Physics
1930  Great Britain William Henry Bragg Physics
1930  United States John Frank Stevens Engineering
1931  Great Britain James Hopwood Jeans Physics
1931  United States Willis R. Whitney Engineering
1932  Germany Philipp Lenard Physics
1932  United States Ambrose Swasey Engineering
1933  France Paul Sabatier Chemistry
1933  United States Orville Wright Engineering
1934  United States Irving Langmuir Chemistry
1934  United States Henry Norris Russell Physics
1935   Switzerland[a] Albert Einstein Physics
1935  Great Britain John Ambrose Fleming Engineering
1936  United States Frank B. Jewett Engineering
1936  United States Charles F. Kettering Engineering
1937  United States Peter Debye Chemistry
1937  United States Robert Andrews Millikan Physics
1938  United States William F. Durand Engineering
1938  United States Charles A. Kraus Chemistry
1939  United States Edwin Hubble Physics
1939  Belgium Albert Sauveur Engineering
1940  Belgium Leo Baekeland Engineering
1940  United States Arthur Compton Physics
1941  United States Edwin H. Armstrong Engineering
1941  India C. V. Raman Physics [6]
1942  United States Jerome Clarke Hunsaker Engineering
1942  United States Paul Dyer Merica Engineering [7]
1943  United States G. W. Pierce Engineering
1943  United States Harold Urey Physics
1944  United States William D. Coolidge Engineering
1944  Soviet Union Peter Kapitza Physics
1945  United States Harlow Shapley Physics
1946  United States Henry Clapp Sherman Life Science [8]
1946  Great Britain Henry Tizard Engineering [9]
1946  United States Enrico Fermi Physics [10]
1947  Great Britain Robert Robinson Chemistry [11]
1948  United States Wendell Meredith Stanley Life Science [12]
1948  United States Theodore von Kármán Engineering [13]
1949  Sweden Theodor Svedberg Life Science [14]
1950  United States Eugene Wigner Physics [15]
1951  Great Britain James Chadwick Physics [16]
1952  Austria Wolfgang Pauli Physics [17]
1953  United States William Francis Gibbs Engineering [18]
1954  Great Britain Kenneth Mees Engineering [19]
1955  Sweden Arne Tiselius Life Science [20]
1956  Great Britain Frank Whittle Engineering [21]
1957  Great Britain Hugh Stott Taylor Chemistry [22]
1958  United States Donald Wills Douglas Engineering [23]
1959  United States Hans Bethe Physics [24]
1960  United States Roger Adams Engineering [25]
1961  United States Detlev Bronk Life Science [26]
1962  Great Britain G. I. Taylor Life Science [27]
1963  United States Glenn T. Seaborg Physics [28]
1964  United States Gregory Breit Physics [29]
1965  United States Frederick Seitz Engineering [30]
1966  United States Britton Chance Life Science [31]
1967  United States Murray Gell-Mann Physics [32]
1968  United States Marshall Warren Nirenberg Life Science [33]
1969  United States John Archibald Wheeler Physics [34]
1970  Germany Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky Physics [35]
1971  Sweden Hannes Alfvén Physics [36]
1972  United States George Kistiakowsky Chemistry [37]
1973  United States Theodosius Dobzhansky Life Science [38]
1974  Soviet Union Nikolay Bogolyubov Physics [39]
1975  United States John Bardeen Physics [40]
1976  United States Mahlon Hoagland Life Science [41]
1977  United States Cyril M. Harris Engineering [42]
1978  United States Elias James Corey Chemistry [43]
1979  Great Britain G. Evelyn Hutchinson Life Science [44]
1980  United States Avram Goldstein Life Science [45]
1980  United States Lyman Spitzer Physics [46]
1981  Great Britain Stephen Hawking Physics [47]
1982  Argentina César Milstein Life Science [48]
1982  United States Kenneth G. Wilson Physics [49]
1984  United States Verner E. Suomi Engineering [50]
1985  United States George C. Pimentel Physics [51]
1986  United States Benoît Mandelbrot Physics [52]
1987  United States Stanley Cohen Life Science [53]
1988  United States Donald Knuth Computer and Cognitive Science [54]
1990  Great Britain Hugh Huxley Life Science [55]
1990  United States David Turnbull Physics [56]
1992  United States Frederick Reines Physics [57]
1995  Netherlands Gerard 't Hooft Physics [58]
1996  United States Richard Smalley Chemistry [59]
1997  Italy Mario Capecchi Life Science [60]
[61]

Notes

  1. ^ Einstein acquired Swiss citizenship in 1901 and held it for the rest of his life. A German until shortly before emigrating to the United States and becoming affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton in 1933, he surrendered his passport and formally renounced his German citizenship on March 28 of that year, in response to Adolf Hitler's rise to power.[5] In 1935, he decided to remain in the U.S. permanently and became an American citizen in 1940.

References

  1. ^ Flam, Faye (April 29, 1996). "Five to Get Franklin Institute Honors". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved 2015-05-08.
  2. ^ a b "Laureates Search". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. Retrieved 2015-05-08.
  3. ^ "Thomas Alva Edison". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  4. ^ "Auguste G. Ferrie". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  5. ^ Isaacson, Walter (2007). Einstein: His Life and Universe. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. pp. 407–410. ISBN 978-0-7432-6473-0.
  6. ^ "Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  7. ^ "Paul Dyer Merica". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  8. ^ "Henry Clapp Sherman". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  9. ^ "Henry Thomas Tizard". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  10. ^ "Enrico Fermi". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  11. ^ "Robert Robinson". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  12. ^ "Wendell Meredith Stanley". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  13. ^ "Theodor Von Karman". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  14. ^ "The Svedberg". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  15. ^ "Eugene P. Wigner". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  16. ^ "James Chadwick". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  17. ^ "Wolfgang Pauli". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  18. ^ "William Francis Gibbs". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  19. ^ "Charles Edward Kenneth Mees". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  20. ^ "Arne Tiselius". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  21. ^ "Frank Whittle". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  22. ^ "Hugh Stott Taylor". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  23. ^ "Donald Wills Douglas". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  24. ^ "Hans Albrecht Bethe". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  25. ^ "Roger Adams". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 10 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  26. ^ "Detlev W. Bronk". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  27. ^ "Geoffrey Ingram Taylor". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  28. ^ "Glenn T. Seaborg". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  29. ^ "Gregory Breit". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  30. ^ "Frederick Seitz". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  31. ^ "Britton Chance". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  32. ^ "Murray Gell-Mann". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. Archived from the original on 2021-02-23. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  33. ^ "Marshall Warren Nirenberg". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  34. ^ "John Archibald Wheeler". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  35. ^ "Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  36. ^ "Hannes Alfven". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  37. ^ "George Kistiakowsky". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  38. ^ "Theodosius Grigorevich Dobzhansky". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  39. ^ "Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogoliubov". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  40. ^ "John Bardeen". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  41. ^ "Mahlon B. Hoagland". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  42. ^ "Cyril Manton Harris". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  43. ^ "Elias J. Corey". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  44. ^ "G. Evelyn Hutchinson". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  45. ^ "Avram Goldstein". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  46. ^ "Lyman Spitzer Jr". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  47. ^ "Stephen W. Hawking". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  48. ^ "Cesar Milstein". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  49. ^ "Kenneth Geddes Wilson". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  50. ^ "Verner E. Suomi". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  51. ^ "George Claude Pimentel". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  52. ^ "Benoît Mandelbrot". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  53. ^ "Stanley Cohen". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  54. ^ "Donald Ervin Knuth". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  55. ^ "Hugh E. Huxley". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  56. ^ "David Turnbull". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  57. ^ "Frederick Reines". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  58. ^ "Gerard 't Hooft". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  59. ^ "Richard E. Smalley". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  60. ^ "Mario Renato Capecchi". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  61. ^ "Nader Engheta". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Medal