Flavobacteriaceae
| Flavobacteriaceae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Capnocytophaga canimorsus on a blood agar plate | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacteroidota |
| Class: | Flavobacteriia |
| Order: | Flavobacteriales |
| Family: | Flavobacteriaceae Reichenbach 1992[1] |
| Genera | |
|
See text. | |
Flavobacteriaceae is a family of rod-shaped gram negative bacteria. The family contains many environmental bacteria,[1][2] with some species being potential pathogens.[3]
History
The family of Flavobacteriaceae was first proposed by Reichenbach in 1989,[1] it was approved by the IJSEM in 1992.[4] The description of the family was emended several times in 1996 and 2002.[4][3][citation needed] In 2020, the family was split, with several genera moved to the newly established family of Weeksellaceae.[5]
Biology
Species of the Flavobacteriaceae are predominantly rod-shaped and stain gram-negative.[3] Many species in the Flavobacteriaceae are motile,[5] with most non-motile species formerly placed in the family now being placed in the Weeksellaceae.[5] Most species are aerobic, while some are microaerobic to anaerobic; for example Capnocytophaga and Coenonia.[6] Several members of the family are considered halophilic or psychrotolerant.[3] The predominant respiratory quinone is menaquinone-6.[3]
The majority of species of this family are known from a variety of environmental sources.[3] Select species have occurred as pathogens in humans, with more genera, notably Elizabethkingia, being formerly placed in this family.
Genera
The family Flavobacteriaceae comprises the following genera:[4]
- Actibacter Kim et al.. 2008
- Aequorivita Bowman and Nichols 2002
- Aestuariibaculum Jeong et al.. 2013
- Aestuariimonas Park et al.. 2018
- Aestuariivivens Park et al.. 2015
- Algibacter Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2004
- Algitalea Yoon et al.. 2015
- "Algorimicrobium" García-López et al.. 2019
- "Altibacter" Chen et al.. 2014
- "Altuibacter" Chen et al.. 2013
- Amniculibacterium Chen et al.. 2020
- "Candidatus Amoebinatus" Greub et al.. 2004
- Antarcticibacterium Li et al.. 2018
- Antarcticimonas Yang et al.. 2014
- Aquaticitalea Xamxidin et al.. 2016
- Aquibacter Hameed et al.. 2014
- Aquimarina Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2005
- Arcticiflavibacter Liu et al.. 2016
- Arenibacter Ivanova et al.. 2001
- Arenitalea Zhang et al.. 2013
- "Ascidiaceibacter" Chen et al.. 2018
- Ascidiimonas Yoon et al.. 2016
- Aurantiacicella Teramoto et al.. 2016
- Aurantibacter García-López et al.. 2020
- Aurantivirga Song et al.. 2015
- Aureibaculum Zhao et al.. 2021
- Aureicoccus Park et al.. 2013
- Aureisphaera Yoon et al.. 2015
- Aureitalea Park et al.. 2012
- Aureivirga Haber et al.. 2013
- "Avrilella" Leyer et al.. 2020
- Bizionia Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2005
- Capnocytophaga Leadbetter et al.. 1982
- Cellulophaga Johansen et al.. 1999
- Changchengzhania Wang et al.. 2017
- "Citreibacter" Yoon et al.. 2018
- Citreitalea Yoon et al.. 2014
- "Cochleicola" Shin et al.. 2016
- Coenonia Vandamme et al.. 1999
- Confluentibacter Park et al.. 2016
- "Coraliitalea" Yoon et al.. 2018
- Corallibacter Kim et al.. 2012
- Costertonia Kwon et al.. 2006
- Croceibacter Cho and Giovannoni 2003
- Croceitalea Lee et al.. 2008
- Croceivirga Hu et al.. 2017
- Daejeonia Siddiqi et al.. 2017
- Dokdonia Yoon et al.. 2005
- "Candidatus Endobryopsis" Zan et al.. 2019[7]
- Eudoraea Alain et al.. 2008
- Euzebyella Lucena et al.. 2010
- Faecalibacter Chen et al.. 2020
- "Feifantangia" Zheng et al.. 2015
- Flavicella Teramoto and Nishijima 2015
- Flavihalobacter Yin et al.. 2021
- Flavimarina Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2015
- Flaviramulus Einen and Øvreås 2006
- Flavivirga Yi et al.. 2012
- Flavobacterium Bergey et al.. 1923 (Approved Lists 1980)
- Formosa Ivanova et al.. 2004
- Frondibacter Yoon et al.. 2015
- "Fucobacter" Sakai et al.. 2002
- Fulvibacter Khan et al.. 2008
- Gaetbulibacter Jung et al.. 2005
- Galbibacter Khan et al.. 2007
- Gangjinia Lee et al.. 2011
- Gelatiniphilus Tang et al.. 2016
- Gelidibacter Bowman et al.. 1997
- Geojedonia Park et al.. 2013
- Gillisia Van Trappen et al.. 2004
- Gilvibacter Khan et al.. 2007
- Gramella Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2005
- Haloflavibacter Feng et al.. 2020
- Hanstruepera Hameed et al.. 2015
- "Candidatus Hemobacterium" Zhang and Rikihisa 2004
- Hoppeia Kwon et al.. 2014
- Hwangdonia Jung et al.. 2013
- Hyunsoonleella Yoon et al.. 2010
- Ichthyenterobacterium Shakeela et al.. 2015
- Imtechella Surendra et al.. 2012
- Jejudonia Park et al.. 2013
- Jejuia Lee et al.. 2009
- Joostella Quan et al.. 2008
- Kordia Sohn et al.. 2004
- Kriegella Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2008
- Lacinutrix Bowman and Nichols 2005
- Leeuwenhoekiella Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2005
- Leptobacterium Mitra et al.. 2009
- Litoribaculum Jin and Jeon 2015
- Lutaonella Arun et al.. 2009
- Lutibacter Choi and Cho 2006
- Lutimonas Yang et al.. 2007
- Mangrovimonas Li et al.. 2013
- Maribacter Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2004
- Mariniflexile Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2006
- Marinirhabdus Wu et al.. 2016
- "Marinitalea" Kim et al.. 2011
- Marinivirga Park et al.. 2013
- Maritimimonas Park et al.. 2009
- Marixanthomonas Romanenko et al.. 2007
- Meridianimaribacter Wang et al.. 2010
- Mesoflavibacter Asker et al.. 2008
- Mesohalobacter Feng et al.. 2020
- Mesonia Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2003
- Muricauda Bruns et al.. 2001
- Muriicola Kahng et al.. 2010
- Myroides Vancanneyt et al.. 1996
- Namhaeicola Jung et al.. 2012
- Neptunitalea Yoon and Kasai 2015
- Nonlabens Lau et al.. 2005
- Oceanihabitans Zhang et al.. 2016
- "Ochrovirga" Kwon et al.. 2014
- Olleya Mancuso Nichols et al.. 2005
- Paramesonia Wang et al.. 2020
- Pareuzebyella Huang et al.. 2021
- Patiriisocius Kawano et al.. 2020
- Paucihalobacter Wu et al.. 2020
- Pelagihabitans Wang et al.. 2020
- Pibocella Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2005
- Planktosalinus Zhong et al.. 2016
- Polaribacter Gosink et al.. 1998
- Pontimicrobium Janthra et al.. 2020
- Poritiphilus Wang et al.. 2020
- Postechiella Lee et al.. 2012
- Pricia Yu et al.. 2012
- "Candidatus Prosiliicoccus" Francis et al.. 2019
- Pseudobizionia Park et al.. 2018
- Pseudofulvibacter Yoon et al.. 2013
- Pseudotenacibaculum Huang et al.. 2016
- Pseudozobellia Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2009
- Psychroflexus Bowman et al.. 1999
- Psychroserpens Bowman et al.. 1997
- "Pukyongia" Kim et al.. 2020
- Pustulibacterium Wang et al.. 2013
- Robertkochia Hameed et al.. 2014
- Robiginitalea Cho and Giovannoni 2004
- Sabulilitoribacter Park et al.. 2014
- Salegentibacter McCammon and Bowman 2000
- Salinimicrobium Lim et al.. 2008
- Saonia Fagervold et al.. 2017
- Sediminibacter Khan et al.. 2007
- Sediminicola Khan et al.. 2006
- Seonamhaeicola Park et al.. 2014
- Siansivirga Hameed et al.. 2013
- Sinomicrobium Xu et al.. 2013
- Snuella Yi and Chun 2011
- "Spodiobacter" Tomida et al.. 2019
- Spongiiferula Yoon et al.. 2016
- Spongiimicrobium Yoon et al.. 2016
- Spongiivirga Yoon et al.. 2015
- "Spongitalea" Mitra et al.. 2012
- Subsaxibacter Bowman and Nichols 2005
- Subsaximicrobium Bowman and Nichols 2005
- "Sufflavibacter" Kwon et al.. 2007
- Sungkyunkwania Yoon et al.. 2013
- Taeania Jung et al.. 2016
- Tamlana Lee 2007
- Tenacibaculum Suzuki et al.. 2001
- Ulvibacter Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2004
- Ulvibacterium Zhang et al.. 2021
- Urechidicola Shin and Yi 2020
- "Vaginella" Diop et al.. 2017
- Wenyingzhuangia Liu et al.. 2014
- Winogradskyella Nedashkovskaya et al.. 2005
- Wocania He et al.. 2020
- Xanthomarina Vaidya et al.. 2015
- Yeosuana Kwon et al.. 2006
- Zeaxanthinibacter Asker et al.. 2007
- Zhouia Liu et al.. 2006
- Zobellia Barbeyron et al.. 2001
- Zunongwangia corrig. Qin et al.. 2007
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature[4] and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences.[5][a]
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Notes
- ^ Actibacter, Aestuariibaculum, Aestuariimonas, Aestuariivivens, Algitalea, Amniculibacterium, Antarcticibacterium, Antarcticimonas, Aquaticitalea, Aquibacter, Arcticiflavibacter, Ascidiimonas, Aurantiacicella, Aurantivirga, Aureibaculum, Aureisphaera, Aureivirga, Changchengzhania, Citreitalea, Coenonia, Corallibacter, Costertonia, Daejeonia, Euzebyella, Faecalibacter, Flavicella, Flavihalobacter, Flavimarina, Frondibacter, Fulvibacter, Gangjinia, Gelatiniphilus, Geojedonia, Gilvibacter, Haloflavibacter, Hoppeia, Hwangdonia, Jejudonia, Leptobacterium, Litoribaculum, Lutaonella, Lutimonas, Mariniflexile, Marinivirga, Maritimimonas, Marixanthomonas, Meridianimaribacter, Mesohalobacter, Namhaeicola, Neptunitalea, Paramesonia, Pareuzebyella, Patiriisocius, Paucihalobacter, Pelagihabitans, Pibocella, Planktosalinus, Pontimicrobium, Poritiphilus, Postechiella, Pseudobizionia, Pseudofulvibacter, Pseudotenacibaculum, Robertkochia, Sabulilitoribacter, Saonia, Sediminibacter, Sediminicola, Seonamhaeicola, Snuella, Spongiiferula, Spongiimicrobium, Spongiivirga, Subsaxibacter, Subsaximicrobium, Sungkyunkwania, Taeania, Ulvibacterium, Urechidicola, Wocania, and Yeosuana are not included in this phylogenetic tree.
References
- ^ a b c Reichenbach H. (1989). "Order 1. Cytophagales Leadbetter 1974, 99*=". In Staley JT, Bryant MP, Pfennig N, Holt JG (eds.). Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co. pp. 2011–2013.
- ^ Boone DR, Castenholz RW, eds. (2001). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria) (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. pp. 465–466.
- ^ a b c d e f Bernardet, Jean-Francois; Nakagawa, Yasuyoshi; Holmes, Barry (2002). "Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (3): 1049–1070. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-3-1049. PMID 12054224.
- ^ a b c d Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Flavobacteriaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 29, 2021.
- ^ a b c d García-López M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Tindall BJ, Gronow S, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Hahnke RL, Göker M. (2019). "Analysis of 1,000 Type-Strain Genomes Improves Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes". Front Microbiol. 10: 2083. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02083. PMC 6767994. PMID 31608019.
- ^ "An Introduction to the Family Flavobacteriaceae". The Prokaryotes. New York: Springer. 2006. pp. 455–480. ISBN 978-0-387-25497-5.
- ^ Zan J, Li Z, Tianero MD, Davis J, Hill RT, Donia MS (2019). "A microbial factory for defensive kahalalides in a tripartite marine symbiosis". Science. 364 (6445): eaaw6732. doi:10.1126/science.aaw6732. PMID 31196985. S2CID 189818260.