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Feingold syndrome
Other names	Oculodigitoesophagoduodenal syndrome

Feingold Syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.
Specialty	Medical genetics

Feingold syndrome (also called oculodigitoesophagoduodenal syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. It is named after Murray Feingold, an American physician who first described the syndrome in 1975. Until 2003, at least 79 patients have been reported worldwide.^[1]

Presentation

Feingold syndrome is marked by various combinations of microcephaly, limb malformations, esophageal and duodenal atresias. Cognition is affected, and ranges from below-average IQ to mild intellectual disability.^[2]

Genetics

Feingold syndrome is caused by mutations in the neuroblastoma-derived V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral-related oncogene (MYCN) which is located on the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p24.1). This syndrome has also been linked to microdeletions in the MIR17HG locus which encodes a micro RNA cluster known as miR-17/92.^[3]

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is based on the following clinical findings:^{[citation needed]}

microcephaly
clinodactyly and shortness of index and little fingers
syndactyly of 2nd & 3rd and 4th & 5th toe
short palpebral fissures
esophageal and/or duodenal atresia

Treatment

There is no known treatment for the disorder, but surgery for malformations, special education, and treatment of hearing loss are important.^[4]

References

^ Tészás A, Meijer R, Scheffer H, et al. (October 2006). "Expanding the clinical spectrum of MYCN-related Feingold syndrome". Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 140 (20): 2254–6. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31407. PMID 16906565. S2CID 6384018.
^ Celli J, van Bokhoven H, Brunner HG (November 2003). "Feingold syndrome: clinical review and genetic mapping". Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 122A (4): 294–300. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.20471. PMID 14518066. S2CID 38346834.
^ Marcelis, Carlo L. M.; Hol, Frans A.; Graham, Gail E.; Rieu, Paul N. M. A.; Kellermayer, Richard; Meijer, Rowdy P. P.; Lugtenberg, Dorien; Scheffer, Hans; Bokhoven, Hans van (2008). "Genotype–phenotype correlations in MYCN-related Feingold syndrome". Human Mutation. 29 (9): 1125–1132. doi:10.1002/humu.20750. ISSN 1098-1004. PMID 18470948.
^ "Feingold Syndrome 1 | Hereditary Ocular Diseases". disorders.eyes.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-07.

External links

GeneReview/NIH/UW entry on Feingold syndrome

Congenital abnormality syndromes
Craniofacial	Acrocephalosyndactyly Apert syndrome Carpenter syndrome Pfeiffer syndrome Saethre–Chotzen syndrome Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc syndrome Other Baller–Gerold syndrome Cyclopia Goldenhar syndrome Moebius syndrome Pierre Robin sequence
Short stature	1q21.1 deletion syndrome Aarskog–Scott syndrome Cockayne syndrome Cornelia de Lange syndrome Dubowitz syndrome Noonan syndrome Robinow syndrome Silver–Russell syndrome Seckel syndrome Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome Snyder–Robinson syndrome Turner syndrome
Limbs	Adducted thumb syndrome Holt–Oram syndrome Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome Nail–patella syndrome Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome Gastrulation/mesoderm: Caudal regression syndrome Ectromelia Sirenomelia VACTERL association
Overgrowth syndromes	Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome Benign symmetric lipomatosis Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome Neurofibromatosis type I Perlman syndrome Proteus syndrome Sotos syndrome Tatton-Brown–Rahman syndrome Weaver syndrome
Laurence–Moon–Bardet–Biedl	Bardet–Biedl syndrome Laurence–Moon syndrome
Combined/other, known locus	2 (Feingold syndrome) 3 (Zimmermann–Laband syndrome) 4/13 (Fraser syndrome) 8 (Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, CHARGE syndrome) 12 (Keutel syndrome, Timothy syndrome) 15 (Marfan syndrome) 19 (Donohue syndrome) Multiple Fryns syndrome

Genetic disorders relating to deficiencies of transcription factor or coregulators

(1) Basic domains

1.2	Feingold syndrome Saethre–Chotzen syndrome
1.3	Tietz syndrome

(2) Zinc finger
DNA-binding domains

2.1	(Intracellular receptor): Thyroid hormone resistance Androgen insensitivity syndrome PAIS MAIS CAIS Kennedy's disease PHA1AD pseudohypoaldosteronism Estrogen insensitivity syndrome X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita MODY 1 Familial partial lipodystrophy 3 SF1 XY gonadal dysgenesis
2.2	Barakat syndrome Tricho–rhino–phalangeal syndrome
2.3	Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome/Pallister–Hall syndrome Denys–Drash syndrome Duane-radial ray syndrome MODY 7 MRX 89 Townes–Brocks syndrome Acrocallosal syndrome Myotonic dystrophy 2
2.5	Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

3.1	ARX Ohtahara syndrome Lissencephaly X2 MNX1 Currarino syndrome HOXD13 SPD1 synpolydactyly PDX1 MODY 4 LMX1B Nail–patella syndrome MSX1 Tooth and nail syndrome OFC5 PITX2 Axenfeld syndrome 1 POU4F3 DFNA15 POU3F4 DFNX2 ZEB1 Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy Fuchs' dystrophy 3 ZEB2 Mowat–Wilson syndrome
3.2	PAX2 Papillorenal syndrome PAX3 Waardenburg syndrome 1&3 PAX4 MODY 9 PAX6 Gillespie syndrome Coloboma of optic nerve PAX8 Congenital hypothyroidism 2 PAX9 STHAG3
3.3	FOXC1 Axenfeld syndrome 3 Iridogoniodysgenesis, dominant type FOXC2 Lymphedema–distichiasis syndrome FOXE1 Bamforth–Lazarus syndrome FOXE3 Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis FOXF1 ACD/MPV FOXI1 Enlarged vestibular aqueduct FOXL2 Premature ovarian failure 3 FOXP3 IPEX
3.5	IRF6 Van der Woude syndrome Popliteal pterygium syndrome

(4) β-Scaffold factors
with minor groove contacts

4.2	Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome
4.3	Holt–Oram syndrome Li–Fraumeni syndrome Ulnar–mammary syndrome
4.7	Campomelic dysplasia MODY 3 MODY 5 SF1 SRY XY gonadal dysgenesis Premature ovarian failure 7 SOX10 Waardenburg syndrome 4c Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome
4.11	Cleidocranial dysostosis

(0) Other transcription factors

0.6	Kabuki syndrome

Ungrouped

Transcription coregulators

Coactivator:	CREBBP Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
Corepressor:	HR (Atrichia with papular lesions)

Classification	D OMIM: 164280 MeSH: C537734 C537734, C537734 DiseasesDB: 33706
External resources	GeneReviews: Feingold Syndrome 1

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