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Faruq al-Qaddumi

Faruq al-Qaddumi
فاروق القدومي
Secretary-General of Fatah's central committee
Chairman of Fatah's central committee
In office
2004–2009
Preceded byMahmoud Abbas
Head of the PLO's political department
In office
1973–2009
Personal details
Born
Faruq al-Qaddumi

(1931-08-18)18 August 1931
Jinsafut, near Nablus, Mandatory Palestine
Died22 August 2024(2024-08-22) (aged 93)
Amman, Jordan
NationalityPalestinian
Political partyFatah
Other political
affiliations		Baath Party (1954–1966)
SpouseNabila Al-Nimr
Alma materAmerican University in Cairo
OccupationPolitician, economist, political scientist

Faruq al-Qaddumi or Farouk al-Kaddoumi (Arabic: فاروق القدومي; 18 August 1931 – 22 August 2024), also known by the kunya Abu al-Lutf (Arabic: أبو اللطف), was a Palestinian politician, who served as the Secretary-General of Fatah until 2009 and Chairman of Fatah's central committee and the Palestine Liberation Organization's political department, operating from Tunisia, between 2004 and 2009.[1]

Early life

Faruq al-Qaddumi was born on 18 August 1931,[2][3][4] in the town of Jinsafut near Nablus in Mandatory Palestine and later his family moved to Jaffa. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and Nakba they fled to Nablus in the West Bank. In the early 1950s al-Qaddumi worked in Saudi Arabia for the Arab-American Petroleum Company (ARAMCO). In 1954 he moved to Egypt and studied economy and political science at the American University in Cairo. While in Egypt, he joined the Baath party.

Fatah career

In 1958, al-Qaddumi joined Yasser Arafat who was organizing student groups calling for the liberation of Palestine. Fatah, the Palestinian National Liberation Movement, was established at the beginning of 1965. At the time, al-Qaddumi worked for the Ministry of Health of Kuwait. In 1966, he was expelled from the country for political activities connected with the PLO. By 1969 he was one of key figures in the PLO. From 1973 he headed its political department in Beirut, Lebanon.

At the beginning of 1973, al-Qaddumi was appointed head of the PLO's political department.[5] In 1976, Arafat and al-Qaddumi met with Meir Vilner and Tawfik Toubi, heads of Rakah (New Communist List), established after the 1965 split in the Israeli Communist Party, and from which Hadash developed. Since the early 1980s Al-Qaddumi had been living in Tunis where the PLO was based after expulsion from Lebanon.

In 1985, when four Palestine Liberation Front militants hijacked the MS Achille Lauro and killed Leon Klinghoffer, a wheelchair-bound Jewish-American, al-Qaddumi claimed that Klinghoffer was pushed over the side of the ship by his wife for the insurance money.[6]

After the Oslo Accords in 1993, which he opposed as a betrayal of the PLO's principles, al-Qaddumi refused to move to the Palestinian Territories with the rest of the leadership to set up the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). From exile, he continued to advocate a hardline stance towards Israel, refused cooperation with the PNA and repeatedly disagreed with the PLO during negotiations with Israel by making statements denying recognition of Israel. This led to him being sidelined in Palestinian politics for over a decade, as the center of power moved to Gaza and then Ramallah.

Personal Life and Legacy

Farouk al-Qaddumi, known for his significant role in the Palestinian political landscape, became a central figure in the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and served as the head of its political department for many years. He was instrumental in shaping the PLO’s policies and was a close confidant of Yasser Arafat.

His diplomatic efforts extended beyond the Arab world, as he sought to garner international support for the Palestinian cause.

Even after stepping back from his active role in politics, al-Qaddumi remained a respected figure within the Palestinian community.

PLO power struggle

Upon Arafat's death, al-Qaddumi constitutionally succeeded him to the position of Fatah chairman. Finding himself once again in a position of power, he began wrestling for control of the ideologically diverse movement, and of the PLO, pitted against PLO chairman and PNA president Mahmoud Abbas. Mud-slinging between the factions was intense, with al-Qaddumi trying to claim primacy for the PLO (which formally delegates power to the PNA). Among other things, al-Qaddumi denied that the PNA had a right to call its government members "ministers" or open embassies abroad.

While most of the struggle was carried out behind the scenes, the Palestinian Authority – then still in control of the Gaza Strip – suppressed an attempt by al-Qaddumi to organize an armed militia outside of the Authority's control in the Strip. Al-Qaddumi issued a decree to expel all Fatah members who cooperated with the PNA, but this was declared unlawful by Fatah's central committee, along with his styling himself "president" of the movement.

As head of the PLO's political department, al-Qaddumi had primary responsibility for foreign representation. However, the PLO embassies were reorganized by Abbas and PNA Prime Minister Salam Fayyad, who removed al-Qaddumi loyalists from ambassadorial posts. Abbas redirected foreign contacts to pass through the PNA's Minister of Foreign Affairs Nasser Al-Qidwa, and later Ziad Abu Amr and Riad Al-Maliki, which infuriated al-Qaddumi.

The 6th Fatah conference was held in Bethlehem in August 2009. Holding the conference in the occupied territories came as a disappointment to many exiled Fatah leaders who were unable to attend and felt betrayed by this decision; al-Qaddumi being one of them. A few weeks before the conference, al-Qaddumi accused Abbas of conspiring to kill Yasser Arafat and claimed he had evidence for his involvement in a plot to poison Arafat. Abbas and his aides denied those allegations and accused al-Qaddumi of inflaming fitna (divisions, internal strife).[7]

While Abbas was the stronger player in this power struggle, members of the Abbas faction worried that al-Qaddumi's militant attitude would win over radical segments of the Fatah, or he would ally with hardline forces outside the movement, such as Hamas. Al-Qaddumi made many official visits to the Assad regime in Damascus, where he was presented in the Syrian press as representing the Palestinian movement.

Death

Al-Qaddumi died in Amman, Jordan on 22 August 2024, at the age of 93. He was with his family at his final moments and died peacefully.[8]

Views and opinions

  • "At this stage there will be two states. Many years from now there will be only one." (al-Qaddumi),[9][10]
  • "Resistance is the path to arriving at a political settlement"[11]
  • "We shall never allow Israel to live in peace… We shall never recognize Israel, never accept the usurper, the colonialist, the imperialist."[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Farouk Kaddoumi". Third World Quarterly. 8 (2): 411–424. 1 April 1986. doi:10.1080/01436598608419906.
  2. ^ "The Palestinian National Liberation Movement – Fatah (I) 1957-1990". Interactive Encyclopedia of the Palestine Question. Institute of Palestinian Studies. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  3. ^ "Portrait : Farouk Kaddoumi". L'Obs (in French). 10 August 2005. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  4. ^ "Les Cahiers de l'Orient". Société française d'édition et d'impression et de réalisation. 12 May 1993. p. 80 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ Simon Haddad (1 January 2003). The Palestinian Impasse in Lebanon: The Politics of Refugee Integration. Sussex Academic Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-903900-46-8. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  6. ^ "P.L.O. Aide in a Charge Against Mrs. Klinghoffer". The New York Times. 5 December 1985. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  7. ^ "President Abbas Killed Yassir Arafat". The Media Line. 15 July 2009. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011.
  8. ^ "National fighter Faruq al-Qaddumi dies in Amman". WAFA News Agency. 22 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  9. ^ Naomi Comay (1 June 2005). Arabs Speak Frankly. Printing Miracles Ltd. p. 224. ISBN 978-0955031205. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  10. ^ "Fatah's Farouk Kadumi: "Two States" Just a Temporary Solution". Arutz Sheva. 14 December 2004. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  11. ^ King, Laura; Stack, Megan K. (12 November 2004). "Leaders Filling Arafat Vacuum (Page 2 of 2)". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  12. ^ Der Stern, West Germany, 30 July 1981
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farouk_Kaddoumi