In mathematics, the Fabius function is an example of an infinitely differentiable function that is nowhere analytic, found by Jaap Fabius (1966). It was also written down as the Fourier transform of

by Børge Jessen and Aurel Wintner (1935).

The Fabius function is defined on the unit interval, and is given by the cumulative distribution function of

where the ξ_n are independent uniformly distributed random variables on the unit interval.

This function satisfies the initial condition , the symmetry condition for and the functional differential equation for It follows that is monotone increasing for with and There is a unique extension of f to the real numbers that satisfies the same differential equation for all x. This extension can be defined by f (x) = 0 for x ≤ 0, f (x + 1) = 1 − f (x) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, and f (x + 2^r) = −f (x) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2^r with r a positive integer. The sequence of intervals within which this function is positive or negative follows the same pattern as the Thue–Morse sequence.

The Fabius function is constant zero for all non-positive arguments, and assumes rational values at positive dyadic rational arguments.

• Fabius, J. (1966), "A probabilistic example of a nowhere analytic C ^∞-function", Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete, 5 (2): 173–174, doi:10.1007/bf00536652, MR 0197656, S2CID 122126180
• Jessen, Børge; Wintner, Aurel (1935), "Distribution functions and the Riemann zeta function", Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 38: 48–88, doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-1935-1501802-5, MR 1501802
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