FPU may stand for:

• Florida Polytechnic University, in Lakeland, Florida, United States
• Franklin Pierce University, in New Hampshire, United States
• Fresno Pacific University, in California, United States
• Fukui Prefectural University, in Japan

• Federation of Progressive Unions, in Mauritius
• Federation of Trade Unions of Ukraine
• Fermi–Pasta–Ulam problem, former name of the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou (FPUT) problem
• Fishermen's Protective Union, a Newfoundland political party and service organization
• Floating-point unit, a computer component that handles mathematical operations on floating-point numbers
• Floor pick-up, a power supply scheme for bumper cars
• Progress Party's Youth (Norwegian: Fremskrittspartiets Ungdom, FpU)