Ephraim (also Efraim) is a masculine given name of Hebrew and Aramaic origin, first used by the Israelite patriarch of that name. In the modern English language it is typically pronounced /'i:f.rəm/. In Hebrew, the name means "fruitful, fertile and productive".

Alternative spellings include Ephrem, Efrem, Efreom, Ephraem, Efren, or Efrén.

• Ephraim the Syrian (c. 306–373), Syrian Christian theologian, writer, hymnographer and saint
• Ephraim of Antioch (died 545), Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and saint
• Ephraim the Neomartyr (1384–1426), Greek martyr and saint
• Ephraim Amu (1899–1995), Ghanaian composer
• Ephraim Anderson (1911–2006), British bacteriologist
• Ephraim Wales Bull (1806-1895), creator of the Concord grape
• Ephraim Willard Burr (1809–1894), American politician
• Ephraim Chambers (1680–1740), English writer
• Ephraim Clarke (1846–1921), Australian politician
• Ephraim Curzon (1883–?), English rugby league footballer
• Ephraim Ellis (born 1985), Canadian actor
• Ephraim Emerton (1851–1935), American medievalist historian
• Ephraim Evron (1920–1995), Israeli diplomat
• Ephraim S. Fisher (1815–1876), American judge
• Ephraim Grizzard (died 1892), American lynching victim
• Ephraim Hanson (1872–1952), justice of the Utah Supreme Court
• Ephraim Hart (1747–1825), American merchant
• Ephraim P. Holmes (1908–1997), American admiral
• Ephraim Jones (1750–1812), Canadian judge and politician
• Ephraim Katz (1932–1992), Israeli-born American film historian
• Ephraim Katzir (1916–2009), Israeli politician
• Ephraim Keyser (1850–1937), American sculptor
• Ephraim Kishon (1924–2005), Israeli writer
• Ephraim Lederer (1862–1925), American lawyer
• Ephraim Lewis (1968–1994), English singer-songwriter
• Ephraim Lipson (1888–1960), British economic historian
• Ephraim McDowell (1771–1830), American physician
• Ephraim Morse (1823–1906), American businessman
• Ephraim Oshry (1914–2003), Lithuanian-born American rabbi
• Ephraim G. Peyton (1802–after 1876), American judge
• Ephraim Salaam (born 1976), American football player
• Ephraim Serrette (born 1957), Trinidad and Tobago sprinter
• Ephraim Shay (1839–1916), American inventor
• Ephraim Sidon (born 1946), Israeli author
• Ephraim Sklyansky (1892–1925), Russian revolutionary
• Ephraim M. Sparrow (1928–2019), American engineering professor
• Ephraim Stern (1934–2018), Israeli archaeologist
• Ephraim Titler (1800–?), Liberian politician
• Ephraim Williams (1715–1755), American soldier
• Ephraim King Wilson (1771–1834), American politician
• Ephraim K. Wilson II (1821–1891), American politician
• Ephraim O. Dikko (1930-2003), Nigerian humanitarian

• Efraim (footballer), Brazilian footballer Efraim Gomes Júnior (1942–2017)
• Efraim Allsalu (1929–2006), Estonian painter
• Efraim Amira, Israeli football player
• Efi Arazi (1937–2013), Israeli businessman
• Effi Birnbaum (born 1954), Israeli basketball coach
• Efraím Cardozo (1877–1951), Paraguayan politician and historian
• Efraim Diveroli, American arms dealer
• Effi Eitam (born 1952), Israeli politician
• Efraim Gur (born 1955), Israeli politician
• Efraim Halevy (born 1934), Israeli lawyer and intelligence officer
• Efraim Karsh (born 1953), Israeli historian
• Efraim Leo (born 1997), Swedish singer and songwriter
• Efraim Margolin, Israeli-American businessman and philanthropist
• Efraim Medina Reyes (born 1967), Colombian writer
• Efraim Racker (1913–1991), Austrian biochemist
• Efraím Rico (born 1967), Colombian cyclist
• Efraim Sevela (1928–2010), Russian writer, Soviet dissident
• Efraim Shalom (1934–2017), Israeli politician
• Efraim Sneh (born 1944), Israeli politician, physician and military commander
• Efraim Taburi (1900–1957), Israeli Zionist activist and politician
• Effi Wizen (born 1956), Israeli computer animator and visual effects specialist
• Efraim Zuroff (born 1948), Israeli historian and Nazi hunter

• Efraím Basílio Krevey (1928–2012), Ukrainian Greek Catholic bishop in Brazil

• Ephraim Black, in the Twilight series
• Ephraim Brown, in the TV series Everwood
• Ephraim Cabot, in the play Desire Under the Elms by Eugene O'Neill, as well as a 1958 film adaptation
• Ephraim Goodweather, in the 2009 horror novel The Strain by Guillermo del Toro
• Ephraim Lapham, in the 1943 novel Johnny Tremain by Esther Forbes
• Ephraim Tutt, in the novels of Arthur Train
• Prince Ephraim, one of the two main characters of the 2004 video game Fire Emblem: The Sacred Stones
• Ephraim Winslow, in the 2019 film The Lighthouse