Langbahn Team – Weltmeisterschaft

Edo State

This article is about the subnational state of Nigeria. For Japan, see Edo period. For other uses, see Edo (disambiguation).

Edo
State
Flag of Edo
Flag
Seal of Edo State
Seal
Nicknames: 
HeartBeat Of The Nation
Location of Edo State in Nigeria
Location of Edo State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 6°30′N 6°00′E / 6.500°N 6.000°E / 6.500; 6.000
CountryNigeria
Date created27 August 1991
Capital and Largest cityBenin City
Government
 • BodyGovernment of Edo State
 • Governor
(List)		Monday Okpebholo (APC)
 • Deputy GovernorDennis Idahosa (APC)
 • LegislatureEdo State House of Assembly
 • SenatorsC: Vacant
N: Adams Oshiomhole (APC)
S: Neda Imasuen (LP)
 • RepresentativesList
Area
 • Total
19,559 km2 (7,552 sq mi)
 • Rank22nd of 36
Population
 (2024)
 • Total
5,250,000
 • Estimate 
(2024)
5,250,000[1]
 • Rank10th of 36
 • Density270/km2 (700/sq mi)
DemonymEdos
GDP (PPP)
 • Year2021
 • Total$30.81 billion[2]
15th of 36
 • Per capita$5,325[2]
10th of 36
Time zoneUTC+01 (WAT)
postal code
300001
Dialing Code+234
ISO 3166 codeNG-ED
HDI (2022)0.633[3]
medium · 8th of 37
Websiteedostate.gov.ng

Edo, officially known as Edo State, is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of the federal republic of Nigeria. As of 2024, the state was ranked as the 22nd most populous state (5,250,000) in Nigeria. The estimated state population is around 4,777,000 in 2022.[4][5] Edo State is the 22nd largest state by landmass in Nigeria.[6] The state's capital and largest city, Benin City, is the fourth largest city in Nigeria, and the centre of the country's rubber industry.[7][8] Created in 1991 from the former Bendel State, it is also known as the heart beat of the nation.[9] Edo State borders Kogi State to the north for 133 km and across the Niger River for 81 km to the northeast, Anambra State to the east for about four km across the Niger River, Delta State to the southeast and south for 350 km (218 miles), and Ondo State to the west.[10]

The modern borders of Edo State[11] encompasses regions that were formerly the site of various empires and kingdoms of the second dynasty formed in the 11th century AD, the Benin Empire.[12] The ancient city of Edo, the site of modern-day Benin City,[11] was home to some of the largest earthworks in the world.[13] In 1897, the British Empire conducted a punitive expedition of the region, destroying most of the ancient city of Edo and incorporating the territory into what would become the Southern Nigeria Protectorate.[14][15]

Edo State is a diverse state that is predominantly inhabited by the Edoid people, including the Edo (or Bini),[16] Esan, Ora, Akoko-Edo, Owan and Afemai people among others.[17] The most common Edoid language spoken is the Edo language, which is commonly spoken in Benin City.[18] Christianity is the dominant religion in Edo State.[11] It was first introduced to the region by Portuguese missionaries during the 15th century. Islam and traditional religions are also practised.[19]

History

The Mid-Western Region was a division of Nigeria from 1963 to 1991, formally known as Bendel state from 1976.[20] It was formed in June 1963 from Benin and Delta provinces of the Western Region, and its capital was Benin City.[21] It was renamed a province in 1966, and in 1967 when the other provinces were split up into several states, it remained territorially intact, becoming a state.[22]

During the Nigerian Civil War, the Biafran forces invaded the new Mid-Western state, en route to Lagos, in an attempt to force a quick end to the war. While under Biafran occupation, the state was declared as the "Republic of Benin" as Nigerian forces were to retake the region.[23] The republic collapsed a day after the declaration as Nigerian troops overtook Benin City. Edo State was established on 27 August 1991 when Bendel State was split into Edo and Delta States.[24][25] The Edo people political organization is expressed in a three-tier age group system that cuts across kin groups and make age, rather than line-age affiliation, with criterion of authority.[20] Benin city itself is organized on the basis of age-grades similar to those of the villages as well as on the basis of wards and chiefs, both hereditary and non-hereditary, serving the Oba in specialised functions. The Oba is the focal point of the Benin political system and institution is based squarely on that of divine kingship.[26]

Geography

Climate

Edo state has a Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate with yearly temperature of 28.78 °C (83.8 °F) and it is -0.68% lower than Nigeria's averages. Edo typically receives about 183.49 millimeters (7.22 inches) of precipitation and has 265.91 rainy days (72.85% of the time) annually and at an elevation of 239.16 meters (784.65 feet) above sea level.[27]

People

Burial in Edo State

With Benin City as capital, the population of the entire state is approximately 5 million.[28] It is made up of four major ethnic groups; namely Edo (Binis), Owan, Esan and Afemai (Etsako & Akoko Edo). However, the State has a high presence of residents from across the country and the world because of its cosmopolitan tendencies. Benin City has a history of being one of the foremost destinations of Europeans during their exploration of Africa continent many centuries ago. Some of these flash points have remained enviable tourists' attraction sites for the state.[29] The people are known for having several Edo traditional food.

Demographics

The main ethnic groups in Edo State are Édo, Etsako, Esan, Owan, and Akoko Edo.[21] Some of the groups can trace their origin to Benin City, hence their dialects vary with their distance from Benin City. The Edo speaking people occupy seven out of the 18 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state and constitute 57.54% of the total population. Others are as follows: Esan (17.14%), Etsako (12.19%), Owan (7.43%), and Akoko Edo (5.70%).[21] There are also Igbira speaking communities in Akoko Edo, Itsekiri communities in Ikpoba-Okha, and Ijaw Izons and Urhobos in Ovia North East and South West Local Government Areas, especially in the borderlands. Also, Ika speaking communities exist in Igbanke (Ika) in Orhionmwon LGA.[30]

Governors

Name Title Took office Left office Party Notes
Colonel John Ewerekumoh Yeri Governor August 1990 January 1992 (Military)
John E.K. Odigie Oyegun Governor January 1992 November 1993 SDP
Colonel Mohammed Abul-Salam Onuka Administrator 9 December 1993 14 September 1994 (Military)
Colonel Bassey Asuquo Administrator 14 September 1994 22 August 1996 (Military)
Group Captain Baba Adamu Iyam Administrator 22 August 1996 7 August 1998 (Military)
Navy Captain Anthony Onyearugbulem Administrator 7 August 1998 29 May 1999 (Military)
Chief Lucky Igbinedion Governor 29 May 1999 29 May 2007 PDP
Professor Oserheimen Osunbor Governor 29 May 2007 12 November 2008 PDP Removed by court judgment invalidating his election[31]
Comrade Adams A. Oshiomhole Governor 12 November 2008 12 November 2016 AC which later merged with some other political parties to become APC (All Progressive Congress) in 2013
Godwin Obaseki Governor 12 November 2016 12 November 2024 APC then decamped to the PDP on 19 June 2020 to seek re-election[32] Reelected 20 September 2020.[33]
Monday Okpebholo Governor 12 November 2024 Present APC

Local Government Areas

See also: List of villages in Edo State

Edo State consists of eighteen (18) Local Government Areas. They are:

Edo State House Of Assembly (Fifth Assembly) Division List, 2013

Edo State House Of Assembly Division List 2013, consists of twenty-four (24) divisions:[34]

Edo State Judiciary

The Judiciary is the third arm of Government in the State, vested with the power to interpret the laws and resolve disputes in both civil and criminal matters in the State. The State Judiciary is headed by a Chief Judge. On 19 May 2023, Former Edo State Governor, Godwin Obaseki swore in Hon. Justice Daniel Iyobosa Okungbowa as Acting Chief Judge of Edo State, following the retirement of Justice Joe Acha.[35]

Politics

Monday Okpebholo is the current governor of Edo State and was sworn into office on 12 November 2024.[36] His deputy is Dennis Idahosa.[37] The Edo State House of Assembly is the legislative body.

Electoral System

The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.[38]

Languages

English is the official language of the state. The major tribal languages spoken in the state are Edo, Etuno, Etsako, Esan, Ake-Ievbu and Okpamheri.[39] Edo State is home to several ethnicities, they are the Edo, Okpe, Esan, Afenmai, Akoko, Igbanke, Emai.[40][41][42]

The Etsako/Afemai people of Edo state have the highest population of Muslims. They live in Six local government areas within the state and their major occupation is farming.[40]

Areal view of the ancient city of Benin

Languages of Edo State listed by LGA:[43]

LGA Languages
Akoko-Edo Aduge; Akuku; Etuno; Enwan; Igwe; Ikpeshi; Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe; Okpamheri; Okpe; Oloma; Ososo; Sasaru; Ukaan; Uneme; Yoruba
Esan Central Esan
Esan North East Esan
Esan South East Esan
Esan West Esan
Etsako Etsako; Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe; Uneme[40]
Etsako Central Etsako
Etsako East Etsako
Etsako West Etsako
Igueben Esan
Ikpoba-Okha Edo, Itsekiri, Urhobo
Oredo Edo
Orhionmwon Edo; Ika; Isoko; Urhobo
Ovia North East Edo
Ovia South West Edo
Owan East Emai-Iuleha-Ora; Ghotuo; Idesa; Ihievbe
Owan West Emai - Iuleha, Ora
Uhunmwonde Edo; Ika

Religion Practiced In Edo State

Christianity constitute 90% of the population and it constitute the major religions practiced in Edo State, although a minority of the population adhere to indigenous religions.[44][45]

The Catholic Church comprises the Archdiocese of Benin City [1] (1884 as Upper Niger) with 84 parishes under Archbishop Augustine Obiora Akubeze [2] (2011) and three suffragan dioceses of Auchi [3](2002) with 56 parishes under Bishop Gabriel Ghiakhomo Dunia [4](2002), Issele-Uku [5](1973) with 94 parishes under Bishop Michael Odogwu Elue [6](2003), and Uromi [7] (2005) with 18 parishes under Bishop Donatus Aihmiosion Ogun [8] (2014).

The Anglican Province of Bendel (2002) in the Church of Nigeria under Archbishop Cyril Odutemu (2020) includes the Diocese of Akoko-Edo (2007) led by Bishop Jolly Ehigiator Oyekpen until he died 2022, the Diocese of Benin (1962) led by Bishop Peter Imasuen (2004), the Diocese of Esan (2000) led by Bishop Gabriel Elabor (2020), the Diocese of Etsako (2007) led by Bishop Felix Unuokhe Olorunfemi, the Diocese of Oleh (1999) led by Bishop John Usiwoma Aruakpor (2012), and the Diocese of Sabongidda-Ora (1993) led by Bishop Augustine Ohilebo (2004).

Economy

Tourist attractions in Edo State include the Emotan Statue in Benin City, Ise Lake and River Niger Beach in Agenebode, Etsako-East; Mike Akhigbe Square at fugar, Ambrose Alli Square, Ekpoma, River Niger Beaches at Ilushi, BFFM Building at Ewu, Obiemen lake in Agua Irrua, Igun Bronze Caster at Igun Street in Benin City, College of Agriculture and Aqua Culture Technology, Agenebode, Okpekpe with its hills and scenes and the Usomege Hills at Apana-Uzairue, Somorika hills in Akoko Edo, where a government-run tourist center at Ososo is set among spectacular scenery.[46][47]

The state produces crude oil,[48] and other mineral resources like limestone and quarry. The state has a cement factory at Okpella[49] and a Flour Mill at Ewu which is moribund.[49]

Human trafficking

This section is an excerpt from Human trafficking in Edo State.[]
The rate of Human Trafficking in Edo State is in this region of Nigeria.[50] Located in Nigeria's Southern region, Edo State accounts for the highest proportion of irregular migrants in Nigeria.[51] Young girls in Edo state are enticed with false promises to leave Nigeria and travel abroad for a better life, by the traffickers.[52] The traffickers in this state also use manipulation, diabolical oath and debt bondage to control their victims and force them into slavery, forced labour, sex trafficking, and organ sales.[53]

Mineral Resources In Edo State

The following are the Mineral Resources found in Edo State[54]

Education

Notable tertiary learning institutions in Edo state include:

Healthcare

List of Edo State Medical zones and associated local government areas.[34]

Medical Zone Local Government Name Of Hospital Medical Zone Local Government Name Of Hospital Medical Zone Local Government Name Of Hospital
Abudu Orhionmwon General Hospital, Abudu[69] Benin Oredo Central Hospital B/City[70] Igarra Akoko Edo General Hospital, Igarra
Abudu Orhionmwon General Hospital, Igbanke[71] Benin Oredo Cottage. Hospital Obayantor[72][73] Igarra Akoko Edo Government Hospital, Ibillo
Abudu Orhionmwon General Hospital, Uronigbe[74] Benin Oredo Stella Obasanjo Hospital[75][76][73] Etete Layout Road, Benin City Dist. Hospital, Uneme-Osu
Abudu Orhionmwon Cot. Hospital Oben Ekpoma Esan West General Hospital, Ekpoma[77] Iguobazuwa Ovia South West General Hospital. Iguobazuwa
Abudu Orhionmwon Cot. Hospital Egbokor Ekpoma Esan West General Hospital, Iruekpen Iguobazuwa Ovia South West Government Hospital Usen
Abudu Uhunmwode Dist. Hospital, Egba Ekpoma Esan Central Dist. Hospital, Usugbenu Iguobazuwa Ovia North East Dist. Hospital, Ekiadolor
Afuze Owan East General Hospital, Afuze[78] Ekpoma Esan Central Dist. Hospital, Ewu Ossiomo Leprosy Clinic in All L.G.A Specislist Hospital, Ossiomo
Afuze Owan East Dist. Hospital, Otuo Fugar Etsako East General Hospital, Fugar Ubiaja Esan South West General Hospital, Ubiaja
Afuze Owan West General Hospital, Sabogida Ora[79] Fugar Etsako East General Hospital, Agenebode Ubiaja Esan South West Dist. Hospital, Ewohimi
Afuze Owan West Dist. Hospital, Uzebba Fugar Etsako East Dist. Hospital, Apana Ubiaja Igueben Government Hospital, Igueben
Auchi Estako West Central. Hospital, Auchi[80] Fugar Etsako West Government Hospital, Agbede Uromi Esan North East Central Hospital Uromi

Transport

Federal Highways are

  • A2 north from Warri to Delta State via Benin City to Okene in Kogi State,
  • A121 (part of TAH8: Trans-African Highway 8 Lagos-Mombasa) west from A2 in Benin City via Okokpon and Ugbogui to Ondo State at Ofosu,
  • A122 north from Benin City via Odighi to Ondo State at Sobe,
  • A232 (part of TAH8) east from Benin City via Iguomo, Ugoneki, Ugomoson, Abudu and Ossiomo and Ogan to Agbor (Delta State).

Other major roads include

  • the Siuko Rd northwest from Benin City via Ogheghe and Okoro to Okokpon,
  • the Ekiadoro-Olumoye-Uhen Rd north from A121 at Ekiadoro to Ondo State at Ogbesse,
  • the Auchi-Ekpessa Rd to Federal Rd Uwhosi to Kogi State at Lankpeshi,
  • the Auchi-Agenebode Rd east from A2 at Auchi via Ivioghe as the Ayoguri-Agenebode Rd,
  • north from Fugar to Kogi State,
  • the Uromi Igbanke Rd south to A232 at Agbor to Delta State,
  • the Sakpoba Rd northeast from Ugbeka to Agbor in Delta State,
  • the Warri-Sakpoba Rd southwest from Otefe to A2 at Ogharefe Junction in Delta State.

Airports: Benin City is served by Benin Airport with flights to Abuja, Kano, Lagos and Port Harcourt.

Notable people

References

  1. ^ "Edo (State, Nigeria) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b Okeowo, Gabriel; Fatoba, Iyanuoluwa, eds. (13 October 2022). "State of States 2022 Edition" (PDF). Budgit.org. BudgIT. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  3. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  4. ^ "Nigeria Census - Nigeria Data Portal". nigeria.opendataforafrica.org. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Figure S1: Correlations between citation index (WoSCC) and time cited (WOSCC) (A); citation index (Scopus) and time cited (Scopus) (B); citation index (Scopus) and citation index (WoSCC) (C)". doi:10.7717/peerj.6411/supp-1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ "World Gazetteer: Nigeria - administrative divisions (per geographical..." archive.ph. 5 January 2013. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  7. ^ "Benin City | History & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  8. ^ admin (8 June 2018). "Obaseki Revives N5.1bn Urhonigbe Rubber Plantation". THISDAYLIVE. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  9. ^ "Edo state: The heartbeat of the Nation". Channels Television. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  10. ^ "Edo | State, Nigeria". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  11. ^ a b c "Value added in industry". doi:10.1787/530668747518. Retrieved 28 January 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ Strayer 2013, pp. 695–696.
  13. ^ Koutonin, Mawuna (18 March 2016). "Story of cities #5: Benin City, the mighty medieval capital now lost without trace". the Guardian. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  14. ^ Obinyan, T. U. (September 1988). "The Annexation of Benin". Journal of Black Studies. 19 (1). Sage: 29–40. doi:10.1177/002193478801900103. JSTOR 2784423. S2CID 142726955.
  15. ^ Koutonin, Mawuna (18 March 2016). "Story of cities #5: Benin City, the mighty medieval capital now lost without trace". the Guardian. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  16. ^ "Edo" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2020.
  17. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Nigeria: Esan ethnic group; whether it is a sub-group of the Yoruba; religions practised; whether members of this ethnic group engage in Ogboni practices". Refworld. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  18. ^ "Edo language, alphabet and pronunciation". omniglot.com. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  19. ^ "Benin kingdom/Edo state Religions". www.edoworld.net. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  20. ^ a b L.Franklin, Blitz (1965). The politics and administration of Nigerian government. Zaria: African university press. p. 281.
  21. ^ a b c "About Edo". Edo State. 11 July 2019. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  22. ^ "Edo state: The heartbeat of the Nation". Channels Television. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  23. ^ "The Republic of Benin was one of the shortest-lived countries in history". The Vintage News. 21 December 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  24. ^ "Unveiling Nigeria - state". www.unveilingnigeria.ng. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  25. ^ Bondarenko, Dmitri M.; Roese, Peter M. (1999). "Benin Prehistory: The Origin and Settling down of the Edo". Anthropos. 94 (4/6): 542–552. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 40465021.
  26. ^ Obayan, E.O. (November 1964). "The machinery of planning in Eastern Nigeria". The Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies. 4 (3): 250.
  27. ^ "Edo, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Weather Averages and Historical Data". tcktcktck.org. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  28. ^ "About Edo". Edo State. 11 July 2019. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  29. ^ "About Edo". Edo State. 11 July 2019. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  30. ^ "Edo: Igbo community in Edo declare support for Obaseki". Peoples Daily Newspaper. 17 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  31. ^ "The grand conspiracy that removed me as governor- Prof Osunbor". Vanguard News. 3 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  32. ^ "BREAKING: EDO 2020: Governor Obaseki formally joins PDP". www.vanguardngr.com. 19 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  33. ^ "Nigerian opposition governor wins re-election". news.yahoo.com. AFP. 20 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  34. ^ a b "Edo State OpenData – ...open government". Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  35. ^ "EDO: Obaseki swears in Acting Chief Judge, promises accelerated judicial reforms". GUARDIAN Newspapers. 17 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  36. ^ "Edo State Governor". www.nggovernorsforum.org. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  37. ^ "Obaseki begins vacation, transfers powers to deputy". Punch Newspapers. 24 June 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  38. ^ Oguntola, Tunde (27 September 2022). "2023: Next President, Govs Must Get Two-thirds Spread, Says INEC". Retrieved 24 February 2023.
  39. ^ Seibert, Uwe (24 April 2000). "Languages of Edo State". University of Iowa. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2007.
  40. ^ a b c "Full List of Tribes in Edo State Nigeria". AllNigeriaInfo. 31 March 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  41. ^ "Benin: City of tradition and culture". Vanguard News. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  42. ^ "Edo » Facts.ng". Facts.ng. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  43. ^ "Nigeria". Ethnologue (22 ed.). Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  44. ^ "Edo 2020: Group vows to boycott poll if Muslim candidate is not fielded". Tribune Online. 23 March 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  45. ^ "Benin: City of tradition and culture". Vanguard News. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  46. ^ "Edo State". NigeriaGalleria. Retrieved 28 December 2009.
  47. ^ "70 Exciting Tourist Spots". OnlineNigeria. Retrieved 28 December 2009.
  48. ^ Ogbeifun, Greg U (April 2006). "Importance of a Sea Outlet for Edo State". Retrieved 10 November 2007.
  49. ^ a b "Cement Manufacturing / Production in Nigeria. A Case Study of Edo Cement Factory, Ukpilla, Edo State". NAU :: Open Educational Resources. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  50. ^ Braimah, Tim (1 June 2013). "Sex Trafficking in Edo State: Causes and Solutions". Social Science Research Network. Rochester, NY. SSRN 2273039.
  51. ^ ETAHT, Edo State Task Force Against Human Trafficking. "Working to eradicate human trafficking and irregular migration in Edo State" (PDF). ETAHT. Edo State Task Force Against Human Trafficking. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  52. ^ Olubukola, Irele Abigail (2020). "Human Trafficking in Edo State, Nigeria: Experiences of Some Young Girls who have Survived Trafficking". Lwati: A Journal of Contemporary Research. 17 (2): 204–224. ISSN 1813-2227.
  53. ^ Anyabuike, Teresa (28 April 2020). "In Edo State, advocates aim to engage the people in anti-trafficking fight". Global Sisters Report. Global Sisters Report. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  54. ^ "Natural Resources – Welcome To The Embassy of Nigeria". Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  55. ^ "2015-06-16 Ambrose Alli University". Scholars at Risk. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  56. ^ "Welcome to the Auchi Polytechnic". www.auchipoly-online.com. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  57. ^ "NUC approves new courses for BIU". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 1 August 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  58. ^ "Edo College of Agriculture to takeoff first quarter 2021, Obaseki reassures". Businessday NG. 20 November 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  59. ^ "Obaseki performs groundbreaking ceremony of College of Agriculture in Edo". Vanguard News. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  60. ^ "Edo poly to resume February 1". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 25 January 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  61. ^ "College of Education, Ekiadolor courses, details and contact information - CoursesEye.com". www.courseseye.com. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  62. ^ "Edo University, Iyamho". Times Higher Education (THE). 10 March 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  63. ^ "Igbinedion University Okada Nigeria". campus.africa. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  64. ^ "Kings Polytechnic kingspoly| School Fees, Courses & Admission info". universitycompass.com. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  65. ^ "Samuel Adegboyega University Nigeria". campus.africa. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  66. ^ "Shaka Polytechnic| School Fees, Courses & Admission info". universitycompass.com. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  67. ^ "University of Benin on The Conversation". theconversation.com. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  68. ^ keetu (1 February 2018). "Wellspring University School Fees For New Students 2021/2022 Academic Session". Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  69. ^ "For 14-Years Now, BEDC Has Not Supplied Us Electricity – MD, Abudu General Hospital". Nigerian Observer. 27 August 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  70. ^ "PDP flays Gov Obaseki over Central Hospital, says it's fraud". Vanguard News. 18 July 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  71. ^ "In Terms of Infrastructure, There Was Igbanke!". Nigerian Voice. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  72. ^ Eshemokha, Udomoh (9 May 2020). "73 Accredited List of NHIS Hospitals in Benin city with their Addresses". Nigerian Health Blog. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  73. ^ a b "Distribution of Hopital in Edo State – Edo State OpenData". Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  74. ^ "Odubu canvasses votes for APC". Nigerian Observer. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  75. ^ "Stella Obasanjo Hospital Isolation Centre will be best — Obaseki". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  76. ^ "Stella Obasanjo Women & Children Hospital • Hospitals - Private • Benin City, Benin City". www.medpages.info. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  77. ^ "ClinicStandard". clinicstandard.com. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  78. ^ "General and Teaching Hospitals in Delta State Nigeria Information & Guide". www.nigeriagalleria.com. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  79. ^ "Edo communities where constituency projects are living testimonies". The Sun Nigeria. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  80. ^ "NHIS Providers – Edo State | Integrated Health Care Limited". Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  81. ^ "Oba of Benin emerges TROMPCOM chairman". Punch Newspapers. 24 August 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  82. ^ "Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede Soldiers on at 53". THISDAYLIVE. 28 September 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  83. ^ "Aig-Imoukhuede: How Access Bank designed a winning business model for MTN". TheCable. 6 May 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  84. ^ "Mike Akhigbe, ex-Vice President of Nigeria, is dead, elder brother says". 29 October 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  85. ^ "Prof. Ambrose Folorunsho Alli". www.edoworld.net. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  86. ^ "Buhari jailed my father unjustly — Ambrose Alli's daughter". Punch Newspapers. 18 June 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  87. ^ Usuanlele, Uyilawa; Falola, Toyin (1994). "The Scholarship of Jacob Egharevba of Benin". History in Africa. 21: 303–318. doi:10.2307/3171890. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171890. S2CID 161203337.
  88. ^ "Erhabor Ogieva Emokpae; Unforgettable master of African art". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  89. ^ "Chief Anthony Enahoro". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  90. ^ "REMEMBERING THE "FATHER OF NIGERIA STATE" CHIEF ANTHONY ENAHORO". Fatherland Gazette. 24 July 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  91. ^ "34 years after murder, Dele Giwa's family seeks justice, colleague insists on govt investigation". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  92. ^ "Parcel Bomb Kills Nigerian Journalist Accused of Plotting". The New York Times. 20 October 1986. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  93. ^ "Ex-INEC Boss, Guobadia Dies". P.M. News. 4 February 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  94. ^ "Breaking News: Abel Guobadia ex-INEC boss dies". Vanguard News. 4 February 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  95. ^ "Pa Michael Imoudu, a selfless labour leader". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 20 October 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  96. ^ "Major General Agbazika Innih". www.edoworld.net. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  97. ^ "South Africa, Nigeria dominate African Region for Commonwealth Writers' Prize". Vanguard News. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  98. ^ Nwakobi, Emeka (2 October 2019). "Five Times Nigerian Writers Won The Commonwealth Best Book Prize". eelive. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  99. ^ "Maymunah Kadiri". New Voices Fellowship. 25 January 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  100. ^ "WOMAN OF THE MONTH: Dr. Maymunah Yusuf Kadiri – Pinnacle Medical Services". Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  101. ^ "Update: Ex-Deputy Senate President, Legogie, dies at 66". Premium Times Nigeria. 18 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  102. ^ "Afemai People". Hometown.ng. 24 November 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  103. ^ "John Momoh". PeaceTech Lab. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  104. ^ "Mr. John Momoh". Constituency for Africa. 22 August 2017. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  105. ^ "Tinubu, Mohammed, Gani Adams, others mourn Momoh". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 3 February 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  106. ^ "Ex-information minister Tony Momoh is dead". Punch Newspapers. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  107. ^ "'Make we stop to dey play di ostrich' - See Obaseki response to FG claims on Nigerian economy". BBC News Pidgin. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  108. ^ "BBL - Using technology to improve teacher performance and education quality in Edo State, Nigeria". World Bank. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  109. ^ "Midwest/Bendel/Edo state Governors 1963-Date". www.edoworld.net. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  110. ^ "My father dug his grave years ago — Son". Vanguard News. 12 March 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  111. ^ "Eulogies as Samuel Ogbemudia is buried". The Guardian Nigeria News. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  112. ^ "The rise and fall of a Nigerian labor hero". africasacountry.com. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  113. ^ "'I dey kampe' - See Oshiomhole reaction to Obaseki election victory". BBC News Pidgin. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  114. ^ "Oshodin formally hands over to new Uniben VC". Vanguard News. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  115. ^ Perishable. "Uniben: Oshodin's Footprints News - TELL Magazine". tell.ng. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  116. ^ "Pastor Oyakhilome has come again". The Nation Nigeria. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  117. ^ "Oyakhilome condemns regulation of church services". Punch Newspapers. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  118. ^ "Odigie-Oyegun bemoans agitations for Nigeria's breakup". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 14 June 2021. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  119. ^ "Oyegun to APC: Give Nigerians the change they desire". TheCable. 13 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  120. ^ "History of Nigeria Ambassadors to US – US-Nigeria Trade Council USA". Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  121. ^ "Odia: I have never been celibate, ask my girlfriends". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 15 March 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  122. ^ "Buhari celebrates Poet Odia Ofeimun at 70". 15 March 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  123. ^ "Price, Rt Hon. George (Cadle), (15 Jan. 1919–19 Sept. 2011), Senior Minister, 1998–2003, and former Minister of Defence and National Emergency Management, Belize", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u31415, retrieved 21 June 2021
  124. ^ "Godwin Abbe: At 70, I Have Learnt to Be Patient, Satisfied and to Shun Materialism". THISDAYLIVE. 12 January 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  125. ^ "Politics and Legacies- Arch-Bishop John Enoyogiere Edokpolo and the verdict of history- a text presented at Edokpolo Grammar School Old Boys 50th Anniversary Ceremony- 4thDecember 2010 by Comrade Aiyamenkhue Edokpolo- SSA to the Gov of Edo State". Nigerian Voice. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  126. ^ "Overview of Edo – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  127. ^ "Sir Victor Uwaifo music, videos, stats, and photos". Last.fm. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  128. ^ "Our Founder". Benson Idahosa University. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  129. ^ "Idahosa, Benson Andrew". dacb.org. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  130. ^ Martin, Douglas (25 June 2008). "Sonny Okosuns, 61, Musician With Message, Is Dead". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  131. ^ "Okosuns, Sonny". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  132. ^ "Augustine Eguavoen biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  133. ^ "Felix Idubor | Art Auction Results". www.mutualart.com. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  134. ^ "Professional Basketball Player Festus Ezeli Works to Brighten the Future for Youth". Kindhumans. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  135. ^ "As Modupe Ozolua Dumps 'First Love'". Thsidaylive. 27 October 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  136. ^ "The Rise of Cosmetic Surgery in Nigeria". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 30 October 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  137. ^ None (29 October 2018). "Tony Anenih, former Nigerian Minister of Works, is dead". www.stearsng.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  138. ^ "Tony Anenih – Channels Television". Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  139. ^ "CHIEF (SIR) GABRIEL OSAWARU IGBINEDION CELEBRATES 86TH BIRTHDAY IN GRAND STYLE". Ovation Magazine. 18 January 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  140. ^ "Itv benin contact". enseignements.william-marrion-branham.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  141. ^ "DAAR Communications say na politics make goment destroy dia Abuja building". BBC News Pidgin. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  142. ^ "Nigeria shuts down private TV, radio stations tied to opposition". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  143. ^ "Raymond Dokpesi Honoured with 'Zuoje' Title in Liberia". THISDAYLIVE. 27 December 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  144. ^ "Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen". Culture Intelligence from RED. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  145. ^ africaindialogue (5 February 2020). "Pushing Frontiers In African Speculative And Fantasy Fiction: A Dialogue With Suyi Davies Okungbowa". Africa in Dialogue. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  146. ^ "Suyi Davies Okungbowa". Hachette Book Group. 8 September 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  147. ^ "MR P and ex-Nigerian striker Peter Odemwingie gbas-gbos ontop social media". BBC News Pidgin. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  148. ^ Adeoye, Aanu (28 January 2021). "A tribute to Peter Odemwingie, a wonderful player unfairly remembered". Planet Football. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  149. ^ "CHRIS AIRE: A Nigerian can succeed any where in the World". Vanguard News. 10 March 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  150. ^ "How I started top jewellery business in US with just $5, 000 — Nigerian-born international bizman Chris Aire". Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics. 30 October 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  151. ^ "Francis Edo-Osagie biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  152. ^ "Kamaru Usman Net Worth 2021, Salary & Endorsements". www.sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  153. ^ "Portsmouth Great Yakubu Aiyegbeni Reveals New Career After Retirement". Soccernet.ng. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  154. ^ "Yakubu Aiyegbeni: How NFF, Everton and fans celebrated Super Eagles legend at 38". www.goal.com. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  155. ^ Adeoye, Aanu (22 November 2020). "A tribute to Yakubu, the one-man Premier League wrecking ball". Planet Football. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  156. ^ "Nigeria's Mavin Records launches executive talent program, Mavin Future Five". Music Business Worldwide. 10 May 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  157. ^ "Page 15". Metrowatch. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  158. ^ "Eghosa Asemota Agbonifo speak on what inspired him to join Edo State politics, as campaign kicks off". Businessday NG. 21 January 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  159. ^ "Prof. T. M. Yesufu, pioneer UNIBEN vice chancellor passes on". Vanguard News. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  160. ^ "THE pioneer vice chancellor of the University of Benin, Prof". Encomium Magazine. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  161. ^ "Odion Ighalo Biography Facts, Childhood, Net Worth, Life". SportyTell. 11 February 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  162. ^ "Victor Osimhen: How football celebrated Africa's most expensive player at 22". www.goal.com. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  163. ^ "Most expensive Nigerian footballer Victor Osimhen biography, net worth, cars, & latest news!". naijauto.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  164. ^ Adenuga, Pete (24 February 2021). "The Problematic Mentality Of Aisha Yesufu's LGBTQ Activism". Medium. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  165. ^ "Nigerian Female Activists Press to Overcome Biases". www.voanews.com. 16 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  166. ^ Housegirl Lover, OCLC 906611470, retrieved 18 March 2022
  167. ^ "As Nigeria's Guardian of Arabic retires from Unilorin to Auchi". Daily Trust. 19 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  168. ^ "Chief Mike Ozekhome, SAN". Tribune Online. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  169. ^ "Why Jonathan's CoS, Oghiadomhe resigned". Vanguard News. 10 February 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  170. ^ "Breaking: Jonathan appoints retired General Arogbofa as new Chief of Staff". Premium Times Nigeria. 18 February 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  171. ^ "DIG Solomon Arase appointed acting IGP". Vanguard News. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  172. ^ "Police reform: Buhari wished Arase worked with him longer, says Femi Adesina". TheCable. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  173. ^ "Julius Aghahowa explains why he shunned coaching". Vanguard News. 1 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  174. ^ "Julius Aghahowa biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  175. ^ "Six years after death, veteran actor, Sam Loco, comes alive in 'The Diary of Mimicko'". Premium Times Nigeria. 10 August 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  176. ^ "Remembering legendary Nollywood actor 7 years after death". Pulse Nigeria. 8 August 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  177. ^ "Nigerians react as Admiral Augustus Aikhomu dies @72". Vanguard News. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  178. ^ "Helen Paul, Tatafo, Comedian, Actress, Singer, Nigeria Personality Profiles". www.nigeriagalleria.com. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  179. ^ Sanusi, Sola (17 March 2017). "Nollywood actors get appointment with Nigerian Communications Commission". Legit.ng. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  180. ^ Nosakhare., Igbinedion, Lucky (2001). A mid-term report of Lucky Nosakhare Igbinedion, Executive Governor, Edo State. Ministry of Information, Youth & Sports. OCLC 49861823.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  181. ^ Osunbor, Oserheimen (2010). Deepening democracy in Nigeria through law : an analysis of some contemporary issues in national transformation. Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. ISBN 978-978-8407-21-8. OCLC 805381036.
  182. ^ "Dr. E. Osagie Ehanire". Home. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  183. ^ "Dr. Osagie E. Ehanire". TY Danjuma Foundation. 22 October 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  184. ^ "In Eyes Dey Red, BBO2 knocks politicians". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 19 November 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  185. ^ "Hon. Ohiozojeh Akpatason biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 18 October 2023.

Works cited

  • Strayer, Robert W. (2013). Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources (2nd ed.). New York: Bedford/St.Martin's. ISBN 978-0312583460.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_State